汽车专业英语读译教程翻译UNIT 6 TEXT A

汽车专业英语读译教程翻译UNIT 6 TEXT A
汽车专业英语读译教程翻译UNIT 6 TEXT A

第6单元发动机电气系统

课文A 充电、起动和点火系统

1.充电系统

充电系统利用发动机的转动来产生电流。这种电流能为蓄电池充电并提供操纵各种汽车电气系统的电能。现代汽车充电系统由发电机和调节器所组成。

1)发电机

发电机是一种带传动的电磁装置。发动机起动之后,发电机产生的电流能够满足车辆的需要,并保持蓄电池处于充足电状态。现代汽车上有许多电路,这些电路对电气系统形成大负载。由于许多车辆在拥挤的城市行驶,这使它很难以保持蓄电池处于充足电状态。因此,发电机必须在所有转速时,都具有极高的工作效率。

在怠速时,转子转动速度相对较慢,发电机能够满足汽车电气系统的需要。在正常车速时,发电机会产生的电压和电流比需要量高得多。为了保护发电机和其余电气系统不受损害,必须有一种降低输出的措施。

2)电压调节器

为了降低发电机输出电压,采用了电压调节器。电压调节器通过调整流经转子的电流的大小来控制发电机的输出电压。这就控制了定子绕组的磁场强度。电压调节器通过识读发电机的输出电压的方法对磁场强度进行控制。如果输出电压太高,调节器就会降低磁场强度;如果输出电压降下来,调节器就会增加磁场强度。

(1)电磁振动式电压调节器

老式的电压调节器使用了由电磁线圈控制的触点。这些电压调节器被称为电磁振动式电压调节器。

(2)电子式电压调节器(EVR)

最近15年内所生产的所有汽车都采用了电子式电压调节器。电子式电压调节器采用功率晶体管、集成电路、二极管以及其他的控制发电机输出的固态电路。电子式电压调节器去掉了容易发生粘结、氧化、磨损的触点和运动部件。有些电子式电压调节器采用远距离安装。然而,电子式电压调节器的特点是可靠性、耐久性好,并且体积小,足以装在发电机内。

(3)内装式电子调节器的工作原理

图6-1给出了采用内装式电子调节器的充电系统电路。一个来自定子线圈的小电流经过二极管(三件套)到达调节器,从而使充电指示灯两侧的电压相等,指示灯熄灭,同时电流企图经过R3搭铁。

当定子电压达到一定值时,经过R3而搭铁的电压将增加到足以使整流二极管D1导通的程度。正向偏置(沿着产生电流的方向加的电压)的晶体管TR2导通,而晶体管TR3反向偏置而截止。随着TR1的截止,磁场电流和系统电压立即下降。

当系统电压下降时,经过R3的电压下降,D1停止导通。这将引起TR2处于反向偏置而截止,晶体管TR1和TR3正向偏置而导通。这样输出电压和磁场电流将会增加。这种工作循环每秒钟重复数千次,从而使发电机输出电压保持在一个预定值上。

电容器C1的作用是防止R3两端的电压发生突变,而R4的作用是防止高温时有过大的反向电流流经TR1。D2作用是防止在TR1截止时磁场绕组中自感高电压到达TR1,从而对TR1起到保护作用。热敏电阻(温度升高时,电阻值下降)的作用是对电压控制进行温度补偿。

(4)计算机控制的电压调节

今天的许多汽车都装有若干个用来控制发动机和其他系统的电子控制单元(ECU)或

叫做动力控制模块(PCM)ECU还能够用来控制加给磁场绕组的电压,这样,也就不再需要一只单独的电压调节器。该系统的缺点是如果ECU的控制电压调节的那部分电路发生故障,就必须更换整个ECU。

2.起动系统

为了起动内燃机,必须先(用外部能源)摇转它。小型的二冲程发动机常常用拉动一根绳索的方法来起动,拉动绳索时,这种内燃机的部件会旋转。早期的汽车使用手摇柄起动。然而,这种方法既危险又不切实际。不久,人们采用了一种新方法,即用电起动机来起动发动机。起动机安装在变速器壳上,其小齿轮与一个大齿圈相啮合,大齿圈安装在飞轮上。为了给起动机通电,驾驶员应将点火开关转到起动(Start)位置,这样就可接通到起动机的电路。当起动机的电枢开始转动时,起动机小齿轮箱外移动并于齿圈啮合,从而带动曲轴转动。当发动机起动后,驾驶员松开点火开关,从而将起动电路切断。这将引起起动机小齿轮的移动,从而脱离与齿圈的啮合。

3.点火系统

点火系统的作用是产生火花,将发动机气缸内的空气-燃油混合气点燃。点火系统必须在精确的时刻点火,并且对于发动机的每只气缸来说,每分钟必须点火几千次。点火时刻即使有微小偏离,也将导致发动机工作状况的恶化,甚至根本不能运转。

当活塞到达压缩上止点时,点火系统将极高的电压送给每只气缸的火花塞。每个火花塞的端部都含有一个间隙。为了搭铁,高电压必须跳过这个间隙。这个间隙就是产生火花的地方。

火花塞所得到的电压在20000~50000V之间,甚至还要高些。点火系统的作用就是要利用12V电源来产生那个高电压,并使高电压按照特定的顺序,在适当的时刻,到达各个气缸。

点火系统有两个任务需要完成:第一,必须产生足以在火花塞间隙处产生电弧放电的高电压,这样才能产生一个足以点燃混合气,使混合气燃烧起来的强火花。第二,必须控制点火正时,使点火时刻正确,并将火花输送给适当的气缸。

点火系统分为两个部分:即初级电路和次级电路。低压初级电路的工作电压为蓄电池电压(12~14.5V)。低压初级电路的作用是在正确的时刻产生使火花塞点火的信号,并将该信号送给点火线圈。点火线圈是将12V电压信号转变成20000V以上的高电压。在电压升高之后,该电压就进入次级电路,然后在适当的时刻将此高电压送给适当的火花塞。

75年来,这种电火花点火系统的基本原理并没有改变。改变的是火花产生的方法和火花分配的方式。

1)三种点火系统

目前,点火系统有三种不同的型式。1975年前,使用机械式(传统式)点火系统。这是一种将机械与电气结合而并没有电子部件的点火系统。首先理解这些早期的点火系统,将会更容易地掌握新型的电子点火系统和计算机控制点火系统,所以不要忽视这些早期的点火系统。电子点火系统在20世纪70年代开始应用于批量生产的汽车上,并且在出现了排放控制装置,对点火系统的控制要求更加精确、更加可靠的时候,才开始普及起来。最后,于20世纪80年代中期,无分电器点火系统开始应用。这种系统总是应用计算机进行控制,并且没有运动部件,因此可靠性大大提高。除了达到一定间隔里程(60000~100000英里)时需要更换火花塞外,大部分无分电器点火系统无需维护。

2)机械式点火系统

分电器是机械式点火系统的神经中心,它需要完成两项任务。第一,负责控制点火线圈,从而在精确的时刻产生一个电火花。第二,负责将电火花分配给适当的气缸。驱动点火系统的电路很简单(图6-2)。当将钥匙插入点火开关,并将其转至运转(Run)位置时,就

使来自蓄电池的电流经过一根导线直接引向点火线圈的正极侧。线圈内,有一个有许多匝的铜线绕组,电流在离开线圈负极侧之前,绕过许多圈。从点火线圈出来,一根导线将这个电流送给分电器,并且与一个叫做触点的专用双位开关相连。当触点闭合时,该电流直接搭铁。当电流从点火开关经过点火线圈绕组,然后再搭铁时,就会在线圈内形成一个强大的磁场。

触点由固定触点和活动触点组成,固定触点被紧固在分电器内侧的一个板上,活动触点安装在弹簧压紧的触点臂的端部。活动触点臂压在一个4、6或8角(取决于发动机缸数)凸轮上,凸轮又安装在分电器内的一根转轴上。分电器的转动与发动机节拍一致,发动机每转两圈,分电器转一整圈。随着分电器的转动,凸轮推动触点,时而打开,时而关闭。每当触点打开时,经过线圈的电流就会中断,从而使磁场消失,通过线圈的次级绕组输出一个高电压脉冲。这个高电压脉冲从线圈顶部输出,并流过点火线圈高压线。

现在,我们已经有了使火花塞跳火所必需的电压,但是,我们还是必须让电压到达各个气缸。点火线圈高压线从点火线圈直接到达分电器盖的中心。在分电器盖的下面有一个安装在转轴顶部的分火头。分火头顶部的金属条与分电器盖的中央电极始终接触。分电器的分火头接受来自点火线圈高压线送来的高压电,并将高压电送到分火头的另一端。分火头在分电器盖内旋转并从通往各个火花塞的旁电极旁边经过。随着分火头在分电器轴上转动,它将电压送给相应的火花塞高压线,火花塞高压线在江高电压送给火花塞,从而产生适合于点燃那个气缸内空气-燃油混合气的电火花。

3)电子点火系统

在电子点火(EI)系统中,触点和电容器都被电子部件所替代。在这些系统上,为了激发点火线圈进行点火,替代触点和电容器所用的方法有若干种。一种方法是采用带牙齿的金属轮,通常情况下每缸一轮。这个轮被称为电枢或叫磁阻轮。一个电磁式传感线圈检测牙齿什么时候通过,并将一个信号送给控制模块,从而使点火线圈产生高电压。

其他一些系统使用一只光电池和遮光轮,从而在需要触发线圈来产生高电压的时刻将信号送给电子控制模块。这些系统仍然需要有通过转动分电器壳来调节的初始点火提前角。

该系统的优点除了免维护外,还有控制模块操纵的电压比机械式触点要高得多。甚至在送到点火线圈之前,就可以提高电压,因此,点火线圈就能产生电压更高的电火花,电压高达50000V,而不是机械式点火系统常见的20000V。由于初级电路电阻器不在被需要,因此这系统从点火开关到点火线圈仅有一根导线。

在有些汽车上,这个控制模块安装在过去常常安装触点的分电器内。在另外一些设计上,控制模块安装在分电器外侧,用外部导线将它连接到感传线圈上。在许多通用汽车公司发动机上,控制模块位于分电器内侧,并且对于单件的整体点火系统来说,点火线圈安装在分电器顶部上。GM(通用汽车公司)将其称为高能点火或者缩写为HEI。

这些系统所提供的高电压能使火花塞采用比原来快得多的间隙,有利于获取更长、更强的电火花。这样还能允许使用更稀薄的混合气来提高燃油经济性,并仍能确保发动机运转平稳。

早期的电子点火系统的计算能力有限甚至根本没有计算能力,因此,点火正时仍然要手动调整,并且在分电器内仍然采用离心式或者真空式点火提前调节调节装置。

对某些新型的电子点火系统,分电器内部空空,所有的点火触发控制都由一只传感器来完成,传感器的带槽磁阻轮或者与曲轴相连或者与凸轮轴相连。这种传感器叫做曲轴位置传感器或叫做凸轮轴位置传感器。在这些系统中,分电器的作用仅仅是通过分电器盖和分火头,将电火花分配给正确的气缸。计算机控制点火定时以及发动机平稳运转所需要的点火提前角。

4)无分电器点火系统

新型的汽车的点火系统已经从机械式点火系统(分电器)演变为没有运动部件的完全

固态的电子系统。这些系统完全受车载计算机的控制。用多个线圈来替代分电器,每个线圈为一只或者两只火花塞供电。一台典型的6缸发动机有3个点火线圈,这3个线圈装在一起,成为一个线圈组件。各个点火线圈的每一侧均伸出一根火花塞高压线,并通往相应的火花塞。一个点火线圈同时为两只火花塞提供高电压。一只火花塞在压缩行程点火,点燃混合气而产生动力,而另一只火花塞在排气行程点火,不做任何事情。在某些汽车上,每个气缸都有一只点火线圈,这些线圈直接安装在火花塞的顶部。这种设计彻底去掉了火花塞高压线,取得了更好可靠性。这些系统中的大部分所采用的火花塞的设计寿命在100000英里以上,这就降低了维护费用。

汽车专业英语翻译综合

第一章汽车总论 1)Today’s average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: body, engine, chassis and electrical equipment 。P1 现在的车辆一般都由15000多个分散、独立且相互配合的零部件组成。这些零部件主要分为四类:车身、发动机、底盘和电气设备。 2)The engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine). Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the power train. P3 发动机作为动力设备,常见的类型是内燃机,其原理是通过发动机缸内的液体燃料燃烧而产生能量。发动机可分为两类:汽油机(点燃式)和柴油机(压燃式),都属于热力发动机。燃料燃烧产生热量使缸内气压上升,产生的能量驱动轴旋转,并传递给动力传动系。 第二章内燃机 1)Power train system: conveys the drive to the wheels 2)Steering system: controls the direction of movement 3)Suspension system: absorbs the road shocks 4)Braking system: slows down the vehicle P4 传动系把发动机输出的扭矩传递给驱动轮。传动系包括离合器(对应机械变速器)或液力变矩器(对应液力自动变速器)、变速器、驱动轴、主减速器、差速器和驱动桥。 5)Drum brakes have a drum attached to the wheel hub, and braking occurs by means of brake shoes expanding against the inside of the drum. With disc brakes, a disc attached to the wheel hub is clenched between two brake pads. P6 鼓式制动器的制动鼓和轮毂连接,制动蹄张开压紧制动鼓内侧从而产生制动。在盘式制动器上,连着轮毂的制动盘被紧紧夹在两个制动块之间。 1)Linking the piston by a connecting rod to a crankshaft causes the gas to rotate the shaft through half a turn.The power stroke"uses up"the gas,so means must be provided to expel the burnt gas and recharge the cylinder with a fresh petrol-air mixture:this control of gas movement is the duty of the valves;An inlet valve allows the mixture to enter at the right time and an exhaust valve lets out the burnt gas after the gas has done its job . P10 活塞通过连杆和曲轴连接,使得气体带动曲轴旋转半圈。作功冲程耗尽了所有的气体,这样就必须采取相应的措施排出废气并且向气缸内充入新的可燃混合气:气体的运动由气门来控制。进气门使可燃混合气在恰当的时刻进入气缸,排气门使燃烧后的废气排出气缸。 2)The spark-ignition engine is an internal-combustion engine with externally supplied in ignition,which converts the energy cntained in the fuel to kinetic energy.The cycle of operations is spread over four piston strokes. To complete the full cycle it takes two revolutions of the crankshaft. P11 火花点火式发动机是由外部提供点火的内燃机,从而将含在燃料内的能量转化成动能。发动机的一个工作循环分布在活塞的四个行程中,一个完整的工作循环曲轴需要转动两圈。 3)The oil pump in the lubricating system draws oil from the oil pan and sends it to all working parts in the engine. The oil drains off and runs down into the pan. Thus,there is constant circulation of oil between the pan and the working parts of the engine. P15

研究生英语读写译教程1_18单元翻译练习答案

Unit 1 翻译技巧(一) 翻译概述 1.把下面的英语段落翻译成汉语。 没有哪个政治体制是完美的;但是很多美国人都会告诉你,如果他们会嫉妒 我们的一样东西的话,那就是我们英国传统的为期三周的大选,因为它的简洁就 是一种仁慈----是对选民和政治家们双方的仁慈:他们拿它跟美国四年一度的总 统选举中进行的那些耗时几个月的战争相比。 2. 把下面的汉语段落翻译成英语。 Someone has once prophesied that once cigarettes disappear from the surface of the earth, the whole world may be in chaos. This might be an exaggeration, but the danger of smoking should not be underestimated. Smoking is a curse affecting the whole globe. Let’s put foreign countries aside. China alone has hundreds of millions of smokers. Addicted smokers often say that it would be more difficult for them to endure the suffering of two hours without smoking a cigarette than a day without having meals. Smoking pollutes the air and endangers the health, consequently increasing the incidence of lung cancer greatly. Unit 2 翻译技巧(二) 直译与意译 1. 用直译法翻译下列的词语、惯用语和句子: (1)开胃酒(2)水果蛋糕(3)童装(4)人工语言(5)门铃 (6)访问学者(7)走下坡路(8)扣帽子/加标签于某人(9)随大 流(10)overtime pay (11)peanut oil (12)rice flour (13)academic journal (14)woman editor (15) evening paper (16)tear up by the roots

汽车专业英语翻译

About car engine Of all automobile components,an automobile engie is the most complicated assembly with dominant effects on the function of an autombile.So, the engine is generally called the"heat"of an automobile. 在汽车的所有部件中,汽车发动机是最复杂的组件,其对整车性能有着决定性的作用。因而发动机往往被称作发动机的“心脏”。 There are actually various types of engines such as electric motors,stream engines,andinternal combustion engines.The internal combustion engines seem to have almost complete dominance of the automotive field.The internal combustion engine,as its name indicates,burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle. 事实上,按动力来源分发动机有很多种,如电动机、蒸汽机、外燃机等。然而内燃机似乎在发动机领域有着绝对的统治地位。就像其字面意思一样,内燃机的染料在气缸内燃烧,通过将燃烧产生气体的膨胀力转换成转动力来驱动发动机前进。 Engine is the power source of the automobile.Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder.However,this linear motion must be changed into rotary motion to turn the wheels of cars or trucks.The puston attached to the top of a connecting rod by a pin,called a piston pin or wrist pin.The bottom of the connecting rod is attached to the crankshaft.The connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft,which changes it into rotary motion.The connecting rod is mounted on the crankshaft with large bearings called rod bearing.Similar bearings, called main bearings,are used to mount the crankshaft in the block. 发动机是整部车的动力来源。能量来自于活塞在气缸内的(往复)直线运动。然而这种(往复)直线运动必须要转换成旋转运动才能驱动车轮。活塞与连杆通过一个销来连接,这个销称为活塞销。连杆的下部连接于曲拐。连杆把活塞的上下往复运动传递给曲拐,从而将往复直线运动转变成旋转运动。连杆和曲拐的连接使用大的轴承,称之为连杆轴承,类似的轴承也用于将曲轴连接到机体,称之为主轴承。 They are generally two different types of cooling system:water-cooling system and air-cooling system.Water-cooling system is more common.The cooling medium, or coolant, in them is either water or some low-freezing liquid, called antifreeze.A water-cooling system consists of the engine water jacket, thermostat, water pump, radiator, radiator cap, fan, fan drive belt and neccessary hoses. 主要有两种类型的冷却系统:水冷和风冷。水冷系统更为普遍。系统所用冷却介质或是冷却液常委水或其他低凝固点液体,称为抗凝剂。一个完整的水冷系统包括机体水套,节温器,水泵,散热器,散热器罩,风扇,风扇驱动皮带和必需的水管。 A water-cooling system means that water is used as a cooling agent to circulate through the engine to absorb the heat and carry it to the radiator for disposal.The ebgine is cooled mainly through heat transfer and heat dissipation.The heat generated by the mixture burned in the engine must be transferred from the iron or aluminum cylinder to the waterin the water jacket.The outside of the water jacket dissipates some of the heat to the air surrounding it, but most of the heat is carried by the cooling water to the radiator for dissipation.When the coolant temperature in the system reaches 90°,the termostat valve open fully, its slanted edge shutting off

汽车专业英语翻译

Unit1 发动机是汽车的心脏。汽车引擎的目的是将燃料转化为能量使汽车移动。最简单的方法是在发动机内部燃烧燃料。,因此,汽车发动机是一种内燃机,缸内燃烧燃料和燃烧的扩张力量转换成旋转力用来驱动汽车。 这里有多种类型的内燃机分为往复式和旋转式引擎;火花式点火或压缩式点火发动机;代用燃料发动机。 往复式发动机 最熟悉的组合是往复式,火花点火,四冲程汽油发动机,如图1-1a所示。现代汽车通常是由水冷活塞式内燃机,安装在汽车的前面,它的力量可以被传送到前轮,传到后轮,或所有车轮轮。一些汽车使用风冷式发动机,但这些通常效率不及液冷式。往复式发动机的另一个主要类型是柴油发动机(如图果1-1b所示),这是使用重型车辆,如卡车,公共汽车和少数家庭轿车。柴油和汽油发动机一般采用四冲程循环。 转子式发动机 转子式内发动机,也叫汪克尔发动机,由德国的Felix~Wankel在1954年开发的,可以提供一种低废气排放和大规模生产的可行性的发动机来替代往复式发动机机。在这种发动机中,三面转子在燃烧室的自由空间内旋转使其随着转子转动压缩和膨胀,见图1 - 2。燃料被吸入、压缩和被点火系统的点燃。膨胀的气体带动转子然后废气排出,如图1 - 3所示。旋转式引擎没有气门,活塞,连杆,往复部件,或曲轴。它提高了马力,基本上不会有震动,但它的油耗是高于传统活塞式发动机。 代用燃料汽车 内燃机消耗大量的石油,并造成严重的空气污染,因此,其他类型的燃料和非常规引擎被研究和发展。 可替代燃料汽车(AFV)是一种用常见的油箱的柔性燃料车辆,设计一种在不同混合的无铅汽油与乙醇或双燃料汽车运行,一种可使用替代燃料和传统燃料。一种高科技车辆(A TV)结合了新引擎,动力传动机构,传动系系统显著提高燃油经济性。最理想的替代燃料发动机燃烧燃料比传统汽油内燃机更为简洁,但仍然能够使用现有的加油站。 混合动力电动车 混合动力汽车或者混合电动汽车(HEV)(如图1 - 4所示),是由两个或两个以上的能源,其中之一是电力可以高英里每加仑,低排放。有两种类型的混合动力汽车,串联和并联式。在串联式电动汽车中,车辆动力所有动力来自同一个源头。例如,一个电动马达驱动的汽车电池和内燃机驱动发电机给电池充电。在并联混合动力,电力是通过这两个路径,电动机和内燃机驱动车辆。这一点,可能有助于电力汽车的电动发动机空转和加速度。内燃机巡航时,驱动传动系和给电池充电。 在当前生产混合动力车发动机和电动马达连接,同样的传播协助下电动引擎可以更小。

研究生英语读写译教程(上)教材答案

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汽车专业英语课文翻译4

Fuel Supply System of Gasoline Engine(UNIT SEVEN) All the gasoline engines have substantially identical fuel systems and run on a mixture consisting of fuel vapor and air. The fuel system comprises the units designed to store, clear and deliver fuel, the units intended to clean air and a unit for preparing a mixture from fuel vapor and air. In a fuel system different components are used to supply fuel from the fuel tank into the engine cylinder. Some of the important components are fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel filter, carburetor, intake manifold and fuellines or tubes connecting the tank, pump and the carburetor. The fuel tank is a fuel container used for storing fuel. It is made of sheet metal. It is attached to the vehicle frame with metal traps and is located at the rear of the vehicle. They are mounted in a boot or boot-floor pan in case of front-engined cars and small commercial vehicles. In order to strengthen the tank as well as to prevent surging of fuel when the vehicle rounds a curve of suddenly stops, baffle plates are attached to the inside of the tank. A cap is used to close the filler opening of the tank. The fuel line is attached at or near the bottom of the tank with a filtering element placed at the connection. The other components of the fuel tank are the fuel gauge sending unit, a vent pipe, receiving unit. To prevent the dirt and water from entering the luggage compartment, a sealing strip is fitted between the fuel tank and boot floor pan. Moreover to limit the transmission of frame distortion to the tank giving rise to squeaking as the metal parts get rubbed together, rubber or felt pads are often fitted between the mountings and the tank. Provision is also made against drumming of the tank by these mountings. The tank may be placed at the side of the chassis frame for convenience in case of large commercial vehicles. The length of the connecting lines or tubes from the tank to the carburetor is also restricted by this at the same time. A porous filter is attached to the outlet lines. By drawing fuel from the tank through the filter, any water in the bottom of the tank as well as any dirt into the fuel gathers on the surface of the filter. To keep the fuel always under atmospheric pressure, the filter pipe or tank is vented. In order to prevent dirt in the fuel from entering the fuel pump or carburetor, fuel filters and screens are used in the fuel system. If the dirt is not removed from the fuel, the normal operation of these units will be prevented. The engine performance will also be reduced.

研究生英语读写译教程 第11-health原文翻译及课后答案

Vocabulary and Structure: Keys to section A: 1. reconciled 2. imperative 3. contradiction 4. existence 5. inherit 6. formidable 7. sensitive8. confess 9. Incidentally 10. conversely Keys to section B: 1. B 2.A 3. A 4.B 5. A 6. A 7. A 8.D 9.B 10.C Keys to close 2. partially 3. linked 5. positive 10. increase 9. impact 1. management 8. tolerance 7. relieve 4. builds 6. reaction Keys to Further Reading 1. C 2. C 3. A 4.D 5. B Translations 1.一位加拿大心理学教授已经鉴定出三种完美主义者:自我要求型(要求自己达到完美),要求他人型(要求别人达到完美)和被要求完美主义者(认为别人要求他们达到完美)。 2.他说完美主义者不仅怀有不现实的高标准,而且认为他们自己和别人都无法达到这些被拔高了的期望。 3.Flett教授认为有些形式的完美主义可能与情绪、身体和情感问题有关,包括抑郁症,饮食紊乱,婚姻不和谐甚至自杀。 4.她说:“我认为在一定程度上这是一个普通的压力问题。完美主义者是压力极大的人。我更愿意从整体的压力方面来看待这个问题,而不是单独从完美主义的角度来考虑。”

汽车专业英语翻译

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汽车专业英语课文翻译1

Types of Automobiles(UNITTWO) 汽车的类型 The automobile industry is a fast developing industry. Form the later 18th century when the first automobile was put on road, this industry has developed tremendously. Now there are thousands of factories all over the world manufacturing numerous types of automobiles. This industry employs crores of men and women directly and indirectly in allied industries. The automobile engines are also being used in engine powered machines for agriculture, construction and manufacturing processes. Various types of small engines are also being used in lawn movers, power saws, snow removers and similar equipment. The automobile industry is a developing and demanding industry which does not find its end or saturation point. There is a great demand for varied types of automotive products, vehicles and engines. There is also a great demand for trained and experienced persons in this industry for diagnosing motor vehicle troubles, repairing and replacing engines components, transmissions, propeller shafts, differentials, axles, steering system components, brake system components, suspension components, air conditioners, heaters, body and glass work. 汽车产业是一个迅速发展的行业。形成后18世纪当第一汽车被放在路,这个行业的发展极大。现在有成千上万的工厂世界各地制造许多类型的汽车。这个行业雇佣了卢比的男性和女性直接和间接地在盟军的产业。汽车引擎也被用于发动机动力机器为农业、建筑业和制造业的过程。各种类型的小引擎也被用于草坪搬家公司,电锯,雪消毒剂和类似的设备。汽车行业是一个发展中国家和要求行业没有找到它的结尾或饱和点。有大量需要不同类型的汽车产品,汽车和发动机。还有一个巨大的需求训练和经验丰富的人在这个行业对诊断机动车麻烦、维修和更换引擎组件、变速箱、螺旋桨轴、差异、轴、转向系统组件,制动系统组件,悬挂组件、空调、热水器、身体和玻璃的工作。 There are numerous types of automobiles used in the world. There are in general three main classifications of the various types of vehicles. 有许多类型的汽车在世界上使用。一般有三种主要分类的各种类型的车辆。 The single-unit vehicles or load carriers. 车辆的单件或负载运营商。 Articulated vehicles. 铰接车辆。 The heavy tractor vehicles. 沉重的拖拉机车辆。 Single-unit vehicles are of conventional four-wheel type. The great majority of vehicles are of two axle design, In these vehicles the front axle is a steering non-driving axle and the rear axle is the driving axle. With the passage of time, a great many changes have taken place in the number of axles and the driving arrangements. 单一制车辆四轮类型的传统。绝大多数的车辆被两个轴的设计,在这些车辆前轴是转向非驱动轴和后轴驱动轴。随着时间的流逝,许多变化已经发生轴的数量和驾驶的安排。 In this classification, digital terms like 4×2, 4×4, 6×4etc,are commonly used. The first figure denotes the total number of wheels and the second figure the number of driving wheels. 在这个分类、数字术语像4×2、4×4、6×4等,被普遍使用。第一个图表示轮子的总数和第二

汽车专业英语课程标准

《汽车专业英语》课程标准 一.课程性质与任务 《汽车专业英语》是汽车技术服务与营销专业的一门专业必修课程。随着中国汽车工业的飞速发展,有越来越多的外商进入中国市场,大量的国外汽车信息及汽车资料以及与外商、客户的交流对于我们汽车技术服务与营销专业来说尤为重要,这就需要我们了解、精通、掌握汽车专业通用语言——汽车专业英语。 本课程的主要任务是:本课程针对汽车销售实践中可能遇到的英文资料的类型,如整车性能特点、各系统零部件名称、车主手册等选用有代表性的实例,用英汉对照讲解,并将相关口语交流揉合在实例中,以培养学生汽车专业英文资料的理解能力,并能够用英语进行实际的交流并销售汽车。 二.课程设计思路 近年来,随着经济全球化的日益深入和汽车工业的不断发展,我国人民消费水平的提高以及汽车保有量的逐年增加,进口汽车大量涌入。同时,国内汽车制造业零部件的本土化比例也在不断提升,汽车技术正在迅速地与国际接轨,这就要求汽车专业人员必须具备汽车专业英文资料的阅读理解能力,为此,编者编写了这本《汽车专业英语》。。 本书以实用和交际为目的,把汽车知识和英语技能结合起来,既可供汽车专业人士和管理营销人士阅读和学习,也可作为职业院校学习汽车英语时的教材。本书在选材方面力求涉及面广,既涉及汽车的

发展、文化、环保和安全等方面的科普知识,又涵盖了汽车发动机、底盘等汽车专业知识。把高职高专基础英语教学内容和汽车专业英语课程内容进行科学合理的整合,将常用和实用的专业知识渗透到基础英语中。 每个单元由四个部分组成: (1)听说部分; (2)对话部分; (3)阅读部分(含三篇课文); (4)相关专业词汇和短语部分。 对话部分涉及汽车销售及售后领域,主要包括客户接待、汽车介绍、价格协商、支付方式、汽车维修等方面;本书阅读部分题材新颖,取材于最新报刊、杂志。 三.课程内容 章节内容建议课时Unit1 TheVehicleworld 4 Unit2 HistoryofAutomobiles 4 Unit3 FamousCars 4 Unit4 CelebritiesintheAutoWorld 4 Unit5 LogosofAutomobiles 4 Unit6 TheProductionofAutomobiles 4 Unit7 TheLifeoftheAutomobiles 4 Unit8 AutomotivePollutionControlandFuel-efficiency 4

汽车专业英语部分翻译

(6)Maintain correct viscosity (free flowing at all temperatures). 保持正确的粘度(在所有温度下自由流动)。 When the brake fluid boils, it becomes vapor. A vapor can be compressed, but a liquid cannot be compressed. Pressing on the brake pedal will compress the vapor in the lines instead of transferring the pressure through the fluid. This can lead to partial or complete braking system failure, sometimes called brake pedal fade. Mountain driving puts increased duty on brakes and brake fluid. The boiling point drops at high altitude. This naturally increases the tendency towards vapor lock. In fact, vapor lock in the hydraulic braking system is the primary reason for brake pedal fade. 当制动液沸腾时,它变成蒸汽。可以压缩蒸汽,但不能压缩液体。按压制动踏板将压缩管线中的蒸汽,而不是将压力传递通过流体。这可能导致部分或完全制动系统故障,有时称为制动踏板褪色。山地驾驶增加了刹车和制动液的使用。沸点在高海拔下降。这自然增加了气体锁定的趋势。事实上,液压制动系统中的汽油锁是制动踏板褪色的主要原因。 Vehicle manufacturers recommend brake fluid that meets or exceeds SAE (Societyof Automotive Engineers)andDOT (Department of Transportation) specifications. 车辆制造商推荐符合或超过SAE(汽车工程师协会)和DOT(运输部)规格的制动液。 Standard brake fluid (DOT 3) is composed chiefly of equal parts of alcohol and castor oil. This combination of fluids works well under normal conditions but it easily boils and becomes a vapor under heavy-duty applications. It also tends to separate when exposed to low temperatures. 标准制动液(DOT 3)主要由酒精和蓖麻油组成。这种流体组合在正常条件下工作良好,但在重载应用下容易沸腾并成为蒸气。暴露于低温时也容易分离。The increasing requirements of brake fluid led to the development of silicone brake fluid,such as DOT 5. This fluid achieved low water pickup and good corrosion protection and also provides good lubrication qualities and rubber compatibility. 制动液的要求越来越高,导致了DOT 5等硅胶制动液的开发。该液体实现了低吸水率和良好的防腐蚀性能,并且还具有良好的润滑性能和橡胶相容性。 5.Brake valves 5.闸阀 There are typically five types of valves in vehicle braking system to adjust the braking force distribution. 车辆制动系统中通常有五种类型的阀门来调节制动力分布。 (1)Metering valve (1)计量阀 Most vehicles that have front disc and rear drum brakes are equipped with metering valve. This metering valve controls, or delays the flow of brake fluid to the front brakes. The rear drum brakes take longer to respond than the front disc brakes. The valve ensures that front disc brake do not act before the rear drum brake. The delays is long enough to allow the rear drum brakes time to react. This delay is particularly necessary during light braking and on slick road surfaces.

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