科技英语阅读
科技英语阅读
术语解释5个
1.Dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy that permeates space and
exerts a negative pressure, which would have gravitational effects to account for the differences between the theoretical and observational results of gravitational effects on visible matter.
2.Quantum physics is the study of the behavior of matter and
energy at the molecular, atomic, nuclear, and even smaller microscopic levels.
3.Physics:
https://www.360docs.net/doc/d71118440.html,work security is generally taken as providing protection
at the boundaries of an organization by keeping out intruders (hackers).
5.Material:
6.Materials science is an interdisciplinary field involving
the properties of matter and its applications to various areas of science and engineering.
7.Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification, is
the human manipulation of an organism’s genetic material in a way that does not occur under natural conditions. It involves the use of recombinant DNA techniques, but does not include traditional animal and plant breeding or mutagenesis.
8.mechanics
9.automobile
10.invention
11.urbanisation:
12. E=m c2:
术语翻译50个
13.绝对补集 absolute complement / 代数 algebra /代数式
14.
15.
16.delegation / 加密 encryption
17.阿童木 Astro Boy / 变形金刚 Transformers /人工智能
Artificial Intelligence /信息论information theory / 控制论 Cybernetics /自动化 automation /仿生学 bionics / 数理逻辑mathematical logic /语言学linguistics / 装置installation; unit device 腿式移动机器人 legged mobile robot / 轮式移动机器人 wheeled mobile robot / 机器人的传感器 robot sensor / 机器人的定位 robot localization /运动学 kinematics / 运动控制 motion (move) control /规划与导航 planning and navigation /机器人仿真 robot simulation 18.磁性材料 magnetic material /半导体semiconductor / 结
晶体crystal / 非晶质的amorphous / 微观结构microstructure / 宏观的 macroscopic / 材料性质 material property / 跨学科的 interdisciplinary / 石器时代Stone Age / 青铜时代Bronze Age / 铁器时代Steel Age / 冶金学metallurgy / 薄膜沉淀 thin-film deposition / x光衍射X-ray diffraction磁性材料magnetic material /半导体semiconductor / 结晶体 crystal / 非晶质的 amorphous / 微观结构 microstructure / 宏观的 macroscopic / 材料性质material property / 跨学科的 interdisciplinary / 石器时代Stone Age / 青铜时代 Bronze Age / 铁器时代 Steel Age / 冶金学 metallurgy / 薄膜沉淀 thin-film deposition / x光衍射 X-ray diffraction
19.机械工程机电一体化生物工程纳米技术信息技术
计算机辅助设计太阳能电池汽车工程机械学后勤学计算流体动力学无线电通讯
20.mechanical engineering, mechatronics
/mechanical-electrical integration, bioengineering/
biological engineering, NT (Nanotechnology) , information technology, computer aided design, solar battery/solar powered battery , automotive engineering, mechanics / mechanology, logistics , CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics ), radiocommunication
21.基因gene / 脱氧核糖核酸DNA / 基因序列 DNA sequence/ 遗
传genetic / 遗传学genetics / 遗传密码genetic code / 遗传学者geneticist / 遗传工程genetic engineering /遗传信息genetic information / 遗传操作genetic manipulation / 遗传特性 inheritance / 人类基因图 human genetic map / 基因组genome / 转基因有机体genetically modified organism / 重组器官recombinant // 分子农业molecular agriculture / 分子遗传学molecular genetics / 生物体organism / 克隆clone / 基因克隆法 gene cloning / 分子克隆法 molecular cloning / 酶enzyme / 连接酶ligase / 限制性内切酶restriction enzyme / 染色体外遗传因子extrachromosomal element / 复制子 replicon
22.载人飞船 manned spaceship/ spacecraft航天飞机
space shuttle太空舱capsule通信卫星communication satellite运载火箭carrier rocket; rocket launcher国际空间站International Space Station太空服space outfits (space suits）着陆区 landing area人造卫星artificial satellite 同步轨道卫星geosynchronous satellite发射台launch pad登月舱lunar module中国空间技术研究院 CAST (the Chinese Academy ofSpace Technology)中国航天局 CNSA（China National Space Administration）美国航空航天管理局 NASA (The National Aeronautics and Mercury(水星)Venus(金星)Gaia(球)Mars(火星)Jupiter(木星)Saturn(土星)Uranus(天
王星)Neptune(海王星)
23.城市化 /逆城市化 /再城市化/城乡一体化 /集中型城市化
/分散型城市化/ 旧地型城市化/城市群
24.urbanization/ deurbanization /reurbanization/city and
countryside integration/centralized urbanization/distributed urbanization/pitch type urbanization/urban agglomeration城市地理学urban geography/城市化研究Urbanistik/城市分类研究City classification/城市体系研究City system research/城市形态研究Urban morphology research/城市规划city planning城市生态 urban ecology /城市生态学urban ecology/城市绿化urban landscaping/景观绿化landscape planting /生态绿化Ecological Green
25.International Atomic Energy Agency 国际原子能机构
nuclear disasters 核灾难 nuclear energy 核能nuclear energy policy 核能政策uclear engineering 核工程nuclear explosion 核爆炸nuclear fallout 核微粒飘降物nuclear fission 核裂变nuclear fuel 核燃料nuclear fusion 核聚变nuclear meltdown 核泄漏nuclear physics 核物理nuclear reaction 核反应nuclear reactor 核反应堆nuclear weapon核武器cold fusion 冷聚变 containment building 安全壳
段落翻译5个
6 Russell’s own answer to the puz zle came in the form
of a “theory of types”. The problem in the paradox, he reasoned, is that we are confusing a description of sets of numbers with a description of sets of sets of numbers.
So Russell introduced a hierarchy of objects: numbers, sets of numbers, sets of sets of numbers, etc. This system
served as vehicle for the first formalizations of the foundations of mathematics; it is still used in some philosophical investigations and in branches of computer science.
16 Taken together, dark matter and dark energy seem to make up most of the mass of the universe (matter and energy are considered to be two forms of the same thing, thanks to Einstein’s famous equation
E=mc2 1). Dark energy is thought to account for 74 percent of the universe, while dark matter adds about 22 percent, and normal, visible matter contributes a puny 4 percent.
4 Facebook says it is the world’s largest social network, with 17
5 million members. But in the United States, most members are still relatively young. Facebook offers advertisers a target of 54.4 million members of all ages. But if an advertiser wants to narrow its target audience to those 25 or older, the number drops to 28.8 million. Narrow
it to those 30 or older, Facebook has only 20.3 million to offer.
2 Telecommuting workers and traveling executives alike could use QB (so named because it is the next in line after the company’s prototype QA bot) as a virtual extension of themselves, allowing them to attend meetings, tour facilities or perform walk-throughs of real estate properties, all while controlling the robot from a computer keyboard.
5 The benefits of straw, points out Professor Peter
Walker, director of the University of Bath’s BRE Centre for In novative Construction Materials, are that “it’s cheap, widely available and a good insulator. It’s been used in building houses for hundreds of years.”
5 Nanotechnology and biotechnology will dominate
technological development in the next 20 years and will be incorporated into all aspects of technology that affect our lives on a daily basis. Charles Vest made the case that the core of technological innovation has shifted from physics and high-speed telecommunications to biology and the environment. The rapidly advancing fields of biotechnology and nanotechnology are at the core of these developments. ?3The discovery of the structure of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953 provided the stimulus for the development of genetics at the molecular level, and the next few years saw a period of intense activity and excitement as the main features of the gene and its expression were determined. This work culminated with8the establishment of the complete genetic code in 1966 — the stage was now set for9 the appearance of the new genetics. ? 3 The idea that the state of the universe at one time determines the state at all other times, has been a central tenet of science, ever since Laplace’s time. It implies that we can predict the future, in principle at least. In practice, however, our ability to predict the future is severely limited by the complexity of the equations, and the fact that they often have a property called chaos.
? 2 As a country industrialises, the number of people living in urban areas tends to increase. The UK and many other MEDCs
urbanised during the 18th and 19th centuries. People migrated from rural areas (due to the mechanisation in farming) to urban areas where there was employment in the new factories. The area of cities known as the inner city developed during this time as rows of terraced housing were built for workers.
?1Nuclear power’s prominence as a major energy source will continue over the next several decades, according to new projections made by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), which has just published a new report, Energy, Electricity and Nuclear Power for the period up to 2030.
科技英语阅读答案Unit 4
Unit 4 Electronic Information (Robots) Part I EST Reading Reading 1 Section A Pre-reading Task Warm-up Questions: Work in pairs and discuss the following questions. 1.How does a QB work? QB has a speaker, microphone, camera, and video screen. It connects to the internet over Wi-Fi. You control it from your computer in a web browser, using a headset and screen. If you have a camera you can show live video of yourself, or you can show a still picture on bad hair days. 2.Is driving a QB difficult? Is there a hand-held control device I can use with my computer to control the Anybot? It's pretty easy. You use the 4 arrow keys to make it turn, go forward or back. Its built-in guidance system takes care of the rest by avoiding furniture and people, and gliding straight through doorways. All the time you’re seeing real-time video from the robot’s head, so you know where you are. Most people get used to it in a few minutes. Not necessary, all you need is your keyboard. 3.Is a Wi-Fi network in the home or business needed? Yes. You should have 802.11g access points for best results. You should use encryption –WPA2 is easiest. We find Meraki business-class access points work well and are affordable and easy to set up. They have long-range and outdoor models too. 4.What kind of sensors does the Anybot have, and what is the resolution on the Anybot camera? Two cameras, 3 microphones, lidar, a 3-axis gyroscope and encoders on the wheels. The main camera is 5 megapixels. 5.How do you control or drive the Anybot? You should control or drive it through a web browser. You don't need any special equipment, but you’ll sound better with a headset. Section C Post-reading Task Reading Comprehension 1. Directions: Work on your own and fill in the blanks with the main idea.
新建科技英语阅读与翻译
Part I Reading comprehension (40%) 共四篇，其中一篇来自教材，占10%； Passage 6 1. 1) Yes, it is. 2) Once the technology had evolved, it became possible. It is just a matter of time. 3) The faster you go, the slower time seems to move for you with respect to everyone else. This concept is known as “time dilation.” 4) travel at the speed of light; 5) If your speed finally reaches the speed of light then time actually stands still, exceed the speed of light and its thought that time will start to flow backward. 6) An effect of Relativity is that the faster you go, the heavier you become and as you reach the speed of light, you become infinitely heavy. 7) The technique is called “quantum tunneling”. It is used by electrons orbiting around atoms to instantly move from point A to point B without passing through the space between. 8)It is actually only technology stopping us from doing it. 2. 1) 即使如我面前的杯子这么普通的东西也可以说某种程度上掌握了时间旅行。它在桌子上放着，看似无所事事，然而实际上正在穿越时空，无情地，它的速度是每天走一天。 2）如果我跑到这咖啡店的速度接近光速，当我坐下来时，我的年龄小于我周围的人。实际上，我已经走到他们的未来。 3) 剩下的就是当宇宙倒退时，以这个速度飞行，在适当的时候减速，然后在1973年7月突然出现，那是有史以来最伟大的时刻——我出生啦。 Passage 7 1. 1)By altering the function of one gene, the life span of a species of roundworm could be
《科技英语强化阅读》答案[2]
《科技英语阅读》参考答案 Text 1： I. Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? FTTFT FF Ⅱ. For questions 1-4 below, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, D. CBDC Text 2: I. Complete the following sentences with the information given in the text. 1.calculation / classification / comparison 2.plotting the course of rockets, preparing bank statements, predicting elections, forecasting weather, and so forth 3.if without the help of computers 4.the message of a familiar advertisement is that machines should work, but men should think https://www.360docs.net/doc/d71118440.html,puters perform very complex operations in a very short time 6. a very large adding machine 7.traffic lights / telephones 8.two / input / processing / output II. Fill in the blanks in the following text. Pay attention to the verb forms. be sharply replaced / recognize / access / convert / book / pay / interacting / be used / dealing / solving III. Translate the following phrases into Chinese. 1.处理数据 2.计算器 3.计算机科学 4.计算机技术 5.电子计时脉冲 IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1.数据处理就是以计算、分类、比较的方式来处理那些预先存放到机器中的资料。 2.电脑是由数以百万的电子装置组成的，能够通过具有不同功能的闭合电路，以令人难以置信的高速 存储或转换数据。 3.我们都听说电脑用于火箭路线的设计、银行文件的处理、选举预测、天气预报等。 4.这可能是因为电脑可以在极其短暂的——几秒甚至是不到一秒的时间里完成非常复杂的运行。 5.他的工作就是决定计算机需要什么信息，必须要完成哪些运行才能解决一个问题。 Text 3: I. Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? TFTFF TFT Ⅱ. For questions 1-3 below, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, D. CCA Text 4: I. Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. T 7.F 8. T II. Complete the following sentences with the information given in the text. 1.it involves a lot of complicated computer processing 2.their positions / the location of the moving camera 3.work at 200 frames a second on a camera tossed from hand to hand 4.generate a 3D map of a player’s room III. Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. 1.provided its brain can think fast enough 2.involves collecting and integrating images taken from different angles 3.the less time there is to do this work 4.an affordable, dust-fighting robot that can see where it is going Text 5: I. Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? 1-5 FTFFF 6-10 TTFFT 11-12 FT
科技英语阅读考试答案
1.How common are other civilizations in the universe? This question has fascinated humanity for centuries, and although we still have no definitive answer, a number of recent developments have brought it once again to the fore. Chief among these is the confirmation, after a long time wait and several false starts, that planet exist outside our solar system. 外星文明在宇宙中是普遍存在的吗？这个问题已经困扰了人类几个世纪。虽然我们到现在也不能给出一个确定的回答，但是最近的一些科技进展再一次把这个问题推到了风口浪尖。其中最重要的，就是经过了漫长的等待和无数错误的尝试，我们终于确认了地外行星的存在。 2.By the time the debris settled and the collective misery was tallied, the devastation had in some respects exceeded even that of El Nino of 1982-1983, which killed 2,000 worldwide and caused about 13 billion dollars in damage. 一切尘埃落定之后，人们开始统计此次厄尔尼诺现象造成的损失。这次毁灭性的灾难造成的损失在某些方面更甚于1982到1983年间的厄尔尼诺现象，那次在世界范围内有2000余人遇难，导致的经济损失高达130亿美元。 3.The sun had set 12 minutes earlier, and twilight was waning on the northern coast of Papua New Guinea. It was July 17, 1998, and another tranquil Friday evening was drawing to a close for the men, women and children of Sissano, Arop, Warapu and other small villages on the peaceful sand spit between Sissano Lagoon and the Bismarck Sea. 太阳在12分钟前就已经落山了，铺洒在巴布亚新几内亚北岸的暮色渐渐的减弱。那是1998年7月17日，对生活在Sissano、Arop、Warapu和其他位于俾斯麦海和Sissano泻湖之间安静的沙滩上的村庄的村民来说，只不过是又一个宁静周五傍晚即将来临。 4.To the extent that planets are necessary for origin and evolution of life, these excitingdiscoveries certainly argue well for the widely held view that life pervades the universe. 如果说行星是生命诞生和进化的必要条件，那么这些令人振奋的发现为生命在宇宙中是普遍存在的论调提供了有力的佐证。 5.There is no specific technology, no silver bullet to extend the oil supplies. But there are sure an awful lot of copper bullets lying around. 没有什么特别的科技，也没有什么灵丹妙药可以增加石油供给。但是，肯定有许多其他的办法等待着我们利用。 6.Many people have argued that once primitive life has evolved, natural selection will inevitably cause it to advance toward intelligence and technology. But is this necessarily so? That might be something wrong with this argument was famously articulated by nuclear physicist Enrico Fermi in 1950. If extraterrestrials are commonplace, he asked, where are they? Should their presence not be obvious? This question has become known as Fermi Paradox. 许多人认为一旦原始生命产生了，自然选择必定使他进化为智慧生命和科技文明。但是事实真的如此吗？这个问题已经被核物理学家恩里克·费米在1950年十分清晰的阐述了。他问道，如果地外文明是十分普遍的，那么，他们在哪儿呢？难道他们的存在没有办法观测吗？这就是著名的费米佯谬。 7.Even though the link between birds and dinosaurs is family established, the definition of birds has become a difficult problem. The fact is that it is hard to draw a line between birds and dinosaurs that is anything other than arbitrary. 尽管鸟类与恐龙的联系已经牢牢地建立起来了，但鸟类的定义仍然是一个难题。事实上，
科技阅读翻译第一单元
第一单元环境 大规模研究发现：地球的“健康”每况愈下有史以来对地球进行的最大规模的科学分析表明，地球上的许多生态系统都达不到标准。 由联合国主持的《千年生态系统评估综合报告》指出，由于不可持续的使用，地球上将近三分之二的用来维持生命的生态系统已经遭到破坏，其中包括干净的水源、纯净的空气，以及稳定的气候。 以上大部分的破坏都是人类在过去的半个世纪里造成的。据报告分析，随着人类对食物、淡水、木材、纤维以及燃料等资源的需求日趋激增，环境发生了极大的变化，引发了诸如滥伐森林、化学污染等问题。因此，该报告的作者警告说，照此下去，本已岌岌可危的生态环境将会在21世纪的上半叶急剧恶化。 这项历史性的研究由来自世界95个国家的政府部门以及民间组织的1,300多位科学家共同完成。四年来，他们考察了地球上许多生物的生长环境、物种以及将他们联系起来的生态体系。联合国环境规划署对该报告进行了编辑整理并于昨天在中国北京公布了研究结果。 在公布该报告的新闻发布会上，联合国秘书长科菲·安南指出：“只有了解环境及其运作过程，我们才能制定出必要的决策加以保护。”他还说，“只有珍惜所有宝贵的自然资源和人类资源，我们才有希望去建设一个可持续发展的未来。” 对社会经济的影响 该报告对自然界的大部分生物多样性持悲观态度，地球上可能有10%—30%的哺乳动物，鸟类以及两栖动物濒临灭绝。 这次大规模生态调查是根据安南的《千年发展目标》展开的，该发展目标是由联合国发起的，旨在2015年之前大幅度缓解饥饿与极度贫困等社会经济问题。 总部位于内罗毕的联合国环境规划署执行主席克劳斯·托普弗说：“从某些方面来说，《千年生态系统评估综合报告》让我们首次认识到生态系统服务功能的经济价值，并使我们对尊重和保护地球生命维护系统有了新的见解。” 目前由于人类社会对地球环境的开发利用，食物供应不断增加，然而增长的速度仍然太慢，难以完成联合国制定的在2015年前消除全球一半饥饿的目标。 报告还说，过度使用生态系统的负面影响还包括渔业的衰退，含有大量沉积物的河口周围近海“死亡区”的出现，水质的变化以及不可预测的区域性气候等。 此外，森林的滥伐和其他生态系统的巨大改变也加剧了诸如疟疾、霍乱等疾病的传播，并使已有传染病分化出新的类别。 根据该报告，水资源体系的变化会增加毁灭性洪灾的爆发频率和程度。在20世纪90年代，洪灾造成的死亡人数超过10万，损失约2,430亿美元。
科技英语阅读翻译
科技英语阅读翻译 Company Document number：WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT
ⅢT r a n s l a t e t h e f o l l o w i n g s e n t e n c e s i n t o C h i n e s e(20%)（1）He is best known for coining the term fractal to describe phenomena (such as coastlines, snowflakes, mountains and trees) whose patterns repeat themselves at smaller and smaller scales. (2) To explain these puzzling findings, some scientists have revived an old idea of Einstein’s that had been discarded as false: that the vacuum of space has energy in it that acts repulsively and accelerates the expansion of the universe. (3) New language that seemed to assert Facebook’s “irrevocable” right to retain and use a member’s personal information, even after the member had closed his or her Facebook account, deserved a little more editing. (4) The tenor of our time appears to regard history as having ended, with pronouncements from many techno-pundits claiming that the Internet is revolutionary and changes everything. (5) As a by-product of an industry that exists all over the world-the stalks that remain after grain has been harvested-straw also helpfully soaks up carbon from the atmosphere and locks it in, so long as it is not allowed to decompose. Ⅲ Translate the following sentences into Chinese（20%） （1）The problem in the paradox, he reasoned, is that we are confusing a description of sets of numbers with a description of sets of sets of numbers.
科技英语试题及答案(一)
一、单选题（共 15 道试题，共 15 分。） 1. She devised a plan （）they might escape from the tightly guarded prison A. A .whereas B. B .wherein C.C . whereby D. D .whereabouts 2. Of even more importance, fuel cells （）only water and heat as byproducts; therefore they are much more preferable to present fuels A. A .commit B. B .emit C. C .omit D.D . permit 3. If you don’t take your umbrella, you’re going to get （） A. A .sank B. B .soaped C. C .foamed D. D .soaked 4. After a joint venture dismisses the surplus employee during the contract term, the enterprise will give the dismissed certain ______. A. A .comprehension B. B .composition C. C .compensation D. D .consultation 5. We’ve worked out a method by which our production can be raise d on a large ______ A. A .quantity B. B .scale C. C .quality D. D .proportion 6. Although he has his own ideas, he seldom ______ advice from other people. A. A .overlook B. B .neglect C.C . ignore D. D .disregard 7. ______ drill and practice, self-paced computer-assisted instruction enables the student to advance rapidly without being limited by the conflicting needs of the entire class. A.A . In common with B. B . In terms of C. C .With regard to D. D .On equal terms
研究生科技英语阅读课文翻译8
Why We're Fat 1 So why is obesity happening? The obvious, clichéd-but-true answer is that we eat too much high-calorie food and don't burn it off with enough exercise. If only we had more willpower, the problem would go away. But it isn't that easy. 为什么会有肥胖症？一个明显、老生常谈但又真实的答案就是我们吃太多高热量食物并且没有进行足够的运动消耗它。要是我们的意志力更强大，这个问题便迎刃而解了。但是，问题并不是那么简单。 2 When warned about the dangers of overeating, we get briefly spooked and try to do better. Then we're offered a plateful of pancakes smothered in maple syrup, our appetite overpowers our reason, and before we know it, we're at it again. Just why is appetite such a powerful driver of behavior, and, more important, how can we tame it? 当我们被警告说吃得太多的时候，一时总会被吓倒并努力做好一些。然后一碟涂满槭糖浆的煎饼摆在面前，我们的食欲战胜了我们的理智，等到我们意识到它的时候，我们又重蹈覆辙了。到底为什么食欲具有如此强大的推动力？更重要的是，我们怎么才能够控制它？ 3 Within the past few years, science has linked our ravenous appetites to genes and hormones. Among the hormones that fuel these urges are ghrelin and leptin, known as the "hunger hormones." Ghrelin is produced mostly by cells in the stomach lining. Its job is to make you feel hungry by affecting the hypothalamus, which governs metabolism. Ghrelin levels rise in dieters who lose weight and then try to keep it off. It's almost as if their bodies are trying to regain the lost fat. This is one reason why it's hard to lose weight and maintain the loss. 近几年来，科学将我们迫不及待要吃的食欲跟基因和激素联系起来。激起这些强烈的欲望的激素有胃促生长素和消瘦素，也被称作“饥饿激素”。胃促生长素主要由胃保护层的细胞产生。它的职责是影响控制新陈代谢的下丘脑，让你感到饥饿。当节食者减肥并且努力维持减肥效果，他的胃促生长素水平就会升高。就像他们的身体要试图恢复失去的脂肪。这是为什么很难减肥并维持减肥效果的原因之一。 4 Leptin turns your appetite off and is made by fat cells. Low leptin levels increase your appetite and signal your body to store more fat. High leptin levels relay the opposite signal. Many obese people have developed a resistance to the appetite-suppressing effects of leptin and never feel satisfied, no matter how much they eat. Basically, your body uses these hormones to help you stay at your weight and keep you from losing fat —which is another reason why dieting can be so difficult. 消瘦素消除你的食欲，它来自脂肪细胞。低消瘦素水平增加你的食欲并通知你的身体储存更多的脂肪。高消瘦素水平传递相反的信号。很多肥胖的人已经形成了一种对消瘦素抑制食欲效应的抵抗，不管他们吃多少也从不感到满足。从根本上说，你的身体利用这些激素帮助你保持现在的体重，不让你的脂肪流走——这是节食如此之难的另外一个原因。
科技英语阅读课文翻译及部分课文摘要Unit1-10
科技英语阅读1-10单元译文： Unit 1 罗素悖论的提出是基于这样的一个事例：设想有这样一群理发师，他们只给不给自己理发的人理发。假设其中一个理发师符合上述的条件，不给自己理发；然而按照要求，他必须要给自己理发。但是在这个集合中没有人会给自己理发。（如果这样的话，这个理发师必定是给别人理发还要给自己理发） 1901年，伯特兰·罗素悖论的发现打击了他其中的一个数学家同事。在19世纪后期，弗雷格尝试发展一个基本原理以便数学上能使用符号逻辑。他确立了形式表达式（如：x =2）和数学特性（如偶数）之间的联系。按照弗雷格理论的发展，我们能自由的用一个特性去定义更多更深远的特性。 1903年，发表在《数学原理》上的罗素悖论从根本上揭示了弗雷格这种集合系统的局限性。就现在而言，这种类型的集合系统能很好的用俗称集的结构式来描述。例如，我们可以用x 代表整数，通过n来表示并且n大于3小于7，来表示4，5,6这样一个集合。这种集合的书写形势就是：x={n：n是整数，3 《科技英语阅读》练习（1） ⅠTranslate the following terms into English (1)罗素悖论：Russell’s paradox (2)集合：set (3)混沌理论：Chaos theory (4)复合函数：Function of function (5)代数式：Algebraic ecpression (6)代数方程：algebraic equation (7)一千万：Ten million (8) 数学：mathemetics (9)动力系统：dynamical system (10)等于：Equal to ⅡTranslate the following terms into Chinese (1) formal expression：形式表达式 (2) set-builder notation：集的结构式 (3) a quarterly journal：季刊 (4) priority battle：优先权之争 (5) even number：偶数 (6) continuous function：连续函数 (7) subset：子集 (8) fractal properties：分形特征 (9) irrational number：无理数 (10) positive number：正数 Ⅲ Translate the following sentences into Chinese （1）The problem in the paradox, he reasoned, is that we are confusing a description of sets of numbers with a description of sets of sets of numbers. 这个问题的矛盾在于我们对数字集合的集合的困惑，他解释道。 （2）Krantz introduced a new element into the debate, however, by stating that the Mandelbrot set “was not invented by Mandelbrot but occurs explicitly in th e Unit 1 Genetically modified foods -- Feed the World? If you want to spark a heated debate at a dinner party, bring up the topic of genetically modified foods. For many people, the concept of genetically altered, high-tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental, health, safety and ethical questions. Particularly in countries with long agrarian traditions -- and vocal green lobbies -- the idea seems against nature. 如果你想在某次晚宴上挑起一场激烈的争论，那就提出转基因食品的话题吧。对许多人来说，高科技的转基因作物生产的概念会带来诸如环境、健康、安全和伦理等方面的各种问题。特别是在有悠久的农业生产传统和主张环保的游说集团的国家里，转基因食品的主意似乎有悖自然。 In fact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of our lives. A third of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the US last year were the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic is out of the bottle. 事实上，转基因食品已经成为我们生活重要的一部分。根据农业部的统计，美国去年所种植玉米的1／3，大豆和棉花的一半以上都是生物技术的产物。今年，美国将种植6500多万英亩的转基因作物。基因妖怪已经从瓶子里跑出来了。 Yet there are clearly some very real issues that need to be resolved. Like any new product entering the food chain, genetically modified foods must be subjected to rigorous testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is tempered by the fact that we have a rich array of foods to choose from -- and a supply that far exceeds our needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations; the issue is simpler and much more urgent: Do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks? 但是，显然还有一些非常现实的问题需要解决。就像任何一种要进入食物链的新食品一样，转基因食品必须经过严格的检验。在富裕的国家里，由于有大量丰富的食品可供选择，而且供应远远超过需求，所以关于生物技术的争论相对缓和一些。在迫切想要养活其迅速增长而又吃不饱的人口的发展中国家，问题比较简单，也更加紧迫：生物技术的好处是否大于风险呢? The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the world's population reached 6 billion. And by 2050, the UN estimates, it will probably near 9 billion. Almost all that growth will occur in developing countries. At the same time, the world's available cultivable land per person is declining. Arable land has科技英语阅读练习1答案
研究生科技英语阅读课文翻译(1-10)