托福阅读推断题的解题方法

应对托福阅读推断题，考生要如何去应对呢？毋庸置疑，推断题

一定有一定的难度所在，这点我们从托福考试官方指南(og)的改变上就可发现一些端倪。第三版og上，推断题的考查数量为0-2题，第四版og已经增加到1-3题，ets的用(yin)意(mou)所在可见一斑。

那么，我们改如何应对推断题呢？推断题真的像我们想象的这么

难么？

今天我们一起来从考查形式上来解刨一下推断题。

题干特征：推断题的题干经常会出现infer,suggest,imply, indicate这类单词

考查形式主要分为两大类：对比推断和细节推断，而后者出现的

几率更大。

考查形式一：对比推断

A时间对比：一般有两个形成对比的时间点，它们所具有的特征

一般相反。如：原文会出现before1990的信息，而题目会问after 1990的信息？

解决方案：收集问题对应的时间点的信息，然后取反。

注意原文中出现的表示时间节点的词 before, after,

not…until…

例题

The story of the westward movement of population in the

United States is, in the main,the story of the expansion of

American agriculture-of the development of new areas for

theraising of livestock and the cultivation of wheat, corn,

tobacco, and cotton. After 1815improved transportation

enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-

sufficientway of life and enter a national market economy

during periods when commodity prices werehigh, the rate of

westward migration increased spectacularly. “Old America seemed to bebreaking up and moving westward,” observed an English visitor in 1817, during the first greatwave of

migration. Emigration to the west reached a peak in the

1830’s, whereas in 1810 onlya seventy of the American people

lived west of the Appalachian mountains, by 1840 more thana

third lived there.

What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about western

farmers prior to 1815？

○They had limited their crop production to wheat, corn,

tobacco, and cotton.

○They were able to sell their produce at high prices.

○They had not been successful in raising cattle.

○They did not operate in a national market economy.

答案D

对应关键句：After 1815 improved transportation enabled

more and more western farmersto escape a self-sufficient way

of life and enter a national market economy during

periodswhen commodity prices were high, the rate of westward

migration increased spectacularly.

B直接对比：两个或多个事物的特征——如原文会出现A的特点，然后会有B和A相比较的信息，然后题目问B的特点？

解决方案：收集题干所问的推断对象(about后面的信息一般为推断对象)的全部信息(一般为上述的B)，然后在原文所描述的与之相关的信息(一般为上述的A)的基础之上取反。

注意原文中出现的表示对比的关系词：by contrast, unlike, while, whereas,on the contrary, incomparison to, distinct

from, different from等词。

例题

Paragraph 1： It should be obvious that cetaceans-whales, porpoises, and dolphins-aremammals. They breathe through

lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young.

Theirstreamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the

presence of a fluke and blowholecannot disguise their

affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the

cases of seaotters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and

walruses, whose limbs are functional both on landand at sea),

it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.

Extinct but, already fullymarine cetaceans are known from the

fossil record. How was the gap between a walkingmammal and a swimming whale bridged？ Missing until recently were fossils clearlyintermediate, or transitional, between land mammals

and cetaceans.

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1

about early sea otters？

○It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like

○There were great numbers of them.

○They lived in the sea only.

○They did not leave many fossil remains.

答案A

对应关键句：However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, andwalruses, whose limbs are

functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to

envision whatthe first whales looked like.

考查形式二：细节推断

考查细节判断，事物的特点，属性等。

解决方案：收集题干所提问的推断对象(about后面的信息一般为推断对象)的所有信息。如果推断对象所涉及的信息比较多，难以抓到

重点，则逐个选项实行定位筛选。

例题

Paragraph 1： Groundwater is the word used to describe

water that saturates the ground,filling all the available

spaces. By far the most abundant type of groundwater is meteoricwater； this is the groundwater that circulates as

part of the water cycle. Ordinary meteoricwater is water that

has soaked into the ground from the surface, from

precipitation (rain andsnow) and from lakes and streams.

There it remains, sometimes for long periods, beforeemerging

at the surface again. At first thought it seems incredible

that there can be enoughspace in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water.

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1

about the ground that we walkon？

○It cannot hold rainwater for long periods of time.

○It prevents most groundwater from circulating.

○It has the capacity to store large amounts of water.

○It absorbs most of the water it contains from rivers.

答案C

AThere it remains, sometimes for long periods, before emerging at the surface again.

BBy far the most abundant type of groundwater is

meteoric water； this is thegroundwater that circulates as

part of the water cycle.

C At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” groundunderfoot to hold all

this water.

DOrdinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into

the ground from the surface, fromprecipitation (rain and snow)

and from lakes and streams.

综上所述，推断题并没有我们想象的那么晦涩。它仍然是注重细节层面的题目，主要考查考生收集和题目相关的信息和梳理这些信息的水平。我们需要做到：

1把题干提问的推断对象的信息收集完全，并理解到位。

2记住所看即所得，不要过度推断，不要脑补。

3任何文章中出现的信息都有可能考查推断，所以不要忽略任何一个细节。