2016全国高考英语新题型语法填空题解题技巧

2016全国高考英语新题型语法填空题解题技巧
2016全国高考英语新题型语法填空题解题技巧

2016全国高考英语新题型语法填空题解题技巧

语法填空只有十个空,加上还没有选项,那么语法填空要考察的东西会比较有限,这样就形成了一定有规律的东西,未必就比语法选择题难做。

语法填空考察形式有两种:有提示词、无提示词。

童鞋们最头疼的应该是没有提示词的吧,基础差的童鞋连句子成分都搞不清,根本没有做题思路。那么我们就先从没有提示词的入手,让语法小白们享受一下虐题的快感。

第一部分:无提示词

先看以下例句:

I met him in a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.

I met him in a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.

I met him in a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.

I met him in a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.

I met him in a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.

I met him in a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.

I met him in a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.

这些句子是一样的,我只是想通过这种方式给大家一个直观的感受。标黄色的部分就是通常要考察的部分,也就是说一个句子通常会有七个位置的考点,这些位置考察的内容比较固定,我们逐个分析。(以下行文中“____”被简称为“空”。)

无提示考点一:(代词主格)

_____ met him in a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.

要填的是句子的主语,主语通常由名词或代词充当,如果没有任何提示,不可能填名词,只能根据上下文的内容填代词。

代词通常要看“空”之前的部分。比如:The boy likes football. ____ often plays football after school. 根据上下文的意思,要填的代词只能指代“空”前面的the boy,所以此空填He。但代词中有一个特例“it”。it既可以向前指代,也可以向后指代,如果“空”后面有be + 名词或形容词 + to do或that从句的时候,那么这个“空”基本就是填it了。例如:_____ is easy to finish the homework. 或_____ is a good choice that you decide to go there.这两道题都填it。

【小结】:

句首是“空”,“空”后面紧跟谓语动词,那么此“空”考察代词主格。

无提示考点二:(代词宾格)

Tom is my friend. I met _____ in a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.

和考点一类似,重复的不再说,基本也是要填代词的,但不同之处在于:此处的宾语要用宾格形式。此题met是及物动词所以后面直接填宾语,并填代词的宾格:him,而不是he。如果句子里的谓语动词是不及物动词,那么不及物动词后面还要加上介词之后才能加上宾语,《奇速英语语法填空.短文改错&书面表达》例如:I live with ____. 这里的“空”也只能填代词,如果要填he,那么同样要采用宾格形式:him。另外,关于it的那个特殊用法在宾语部分体现的是: _____ + 形容词或名词 + to do或that从句。例如:The method can make ___ easy to finish the homework. 或 We all consider ____ a good choice that you decide to go there. 这两道题都填it。

【小结】:

如果“空”前是动词(都是及物动词)或者介词,那么“空”考察代词宾格。

无提示考点三:(冠词)

I met him in _____ shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.

此题中的shop

是可数名词,可数名词是禁止裸奔的。所谓不能裸奔就是不能既没有冠词,也不能没有复数形式,要写成a shop, 或one shop, 或shops, 或two shops或the shop等等,绝对不能只写成shop。只有不可数名词才有资格裸奔,比如water,但不可数名词只能加定冠词the修饰,不能用不定冠词a或an。所以,如果“空”后面是裸奔的可数名词,那么一定是填冠词的,而且大多数情况是填不定冠词a或an。例如:I met ___ boy on the street. 这里要填a。另外,如果这个裸奔的可数名词在上句出现过,这时候才可能填定冠词the(再次提到,表示特指)。例如:I met a boy on the street. ____ boy is waiting for a taxi. 这时候boy再次出现,表示特指,所以填the。不可数名词很少被考到,因为很局限,前面只能填定冠词the。

【小结】:

如果“空”后是裸奔的可数名词,必填a或an。

如果“空”后面的名词在上一句重复出现,必填the。

无提示考点四:(介词)

I met him ____ a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.

当一个“空”后面紧跟完整的名词(不裸奔的名词),同时名词后面没有紧跟谓语动词,那么此“空”只能填介词。比如此题中,“空”后面是完整的名词a shop(包含冠词的名词,没有裸奔,很完整),同时名词shop后面又没有紧跟谓语动词,这明显是要填介词的节奏。这个时候就要熟悉各种介词的本质含义,以及介词的一些固定搭配。此题比较简单,根据语境,填in,表示在…里面。

【小结】:

如果“空”后名词不裸奔,同时名词后又不紧跟谓语动词,那么此“空”必定填介词。

无提示考点五:(定语从句连词)

I met him in a shop _____ sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.

如果童鞋们不懂定语从句,那么我们可以固定记一下格式:

“空”前是名词,“空”后是动词或者主谓结构并缺少宾语,那么就要填who或which。

“空”前面的名词是人,就填who,“空”前面的名词是物,就填which。

例如:I like the book ____ makes me laugh. 此句“空”前面是名词book,“空”后面是动词makes,符合定语从句特征,因为“空”前面是book,所以填which。再例如:I like the person ____ you hate. 此句“空”前面是名词person,“空”后面是you hate 主谓结构,而且是缺少宾语的(缺少憎恨的对象,如果是完整写法,应该是类似I hate him 这样的主谓宾结构),也符合定语从句的特征,因为“空”前面是person,所以填who。定语从句有时候还会考察where和when,以后还会细讲,基础篇部分只需要记住最常考的which 和who。

【小结】:

如果“空”前是名词,“空”后是动词或者主谓结构并缺少宾语,那么就要填who或which。

如果“空”前面的名词是人,就填who;如果“空”前面的名词是物,就填which。

无提示考点六:(名词性从句连词)

I met him in a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing _____ I like.

“空”的前面不是名词,并且“空”的后面是动词或主谓结构并缺少宾语(此考点和之前的考点五非常相似,区别在于“空”的前面是否是名词),那么就要填what或who,如果“空”后面的句子里缺少的是物,就填what,如果缺少的是人就填who。

例如:____ appears on TV is very valuable. 此句开头就是“空”,所以“空”的前面不是名词,而且“空”的后面是动词,所以要填what或who。根据语境,“有价值的”应该是形容物的,所以最终填what。《奇速英语语法填空.短文改错&书面表达》再例如:I don’t like _____ he does. 此句的“空”前面是动词like,所以也符合“不是名词”的

特征,而且“空”的后面是主谓结构he does,其中does是“做”的意思,是及物动词,后面缺少宾语,所以要填what或who。根据语境,能被做的,应该是物,所以最终填what。另外,“主谓结构并缺少宾语”有两种情况。第一种是及物动词后缺少宾语,刚才的例句就是这种情况。第二种是介词后缺少宾语,例如:I don’t like ____ he sticks to. “空”的后面是he sticks (他坚持)这样的主谓结构,并且介词to后面缺少宾语,所以也要填what. 我举的例子都是what,因为考试中what的几率大于who。

【小结】:

如果“空”的前面不是名词,而且“空”的后面是动词或主谓结构并缺少宾语(及物动词或介词后面缺少宾语),那么就要填what或who,不会区分就选what。

无提示考点七:(状语从句连词和and, but)

I met him in a shop which sells fruit _____ I was seeing what I like.

“空”在开头,后面紧挨着由逗号隔开的两句话,或者“空”在中间,前后各有一句话,那么填连词(状语从句连词)。例如:_____ you work hard, you may still lose the job. 此句属于“空”在开头,后面紧挨着由逗号隔开的两句话,根据这两句话的逻辑关系应该填Although或Though. 再例如:I drove very fast _____ I don’t want to be late. 此句属于“空”在中间,前后各有一句话的情况,也是填连词,根据两句话的逻辑关系应该填because。

【小结】:

如果“空”后面有两句由逗号隔开的两句话,或者“空”前后各有一句话,那么要填状语从句的连词(表达两句话的逻辑关系)。

热点考词:when (当…时候), because (因为), although (尽管), so (所以), so that (目的是或结果是), that (句子中有so, 和要填的“that”构成so…that…的结构,翻译成:如此…以致于…), but (前后是转折关系), and (前后是顺承或递进关系)。

第二部分:有提示词

无提示词部分讲完了,接下来讲有提示词,相对简单一些。

有提示考点一:(时态)

如果提示词是个动词,而“空”所在的句子又没有其它谓语动词,那么就要填提示词的正确时态了。如果“空”所在句子表达的是一般现在时的概念,那么就是要填提示词的单数第三人称形式,一般就是结尾加s。例如:He often ___ (play) football. 这里就填plays。还有一种比较常考的就是一般过去时,因为正常情况下文章肯定是讲过去发生的事情,所以如果童鞋们区分不出别的时态的话,那就赌一把啦,填提示词的过去式,普通的是结尾加ed,但很有可能会考特殊的动词过去式,所以抓紧背下你们教材后面的不规则动词表吧。

【小结】:

提示词是句子的谓语动词,那么考察的是时态,首选过去时,如果主语是单数第三人称,并能明显看出提示词所在的句子表达的是一般现在时,那么填提示词结尾加s的形式。

有提示考点二:(非谓语)

非谓语在单项选择里考会很难,但在语法填空里考,却成了比较简单的考点。如果“空”所在的句子已经有了谓语动词,而且提示词是动词,那么这时候考察的是非谓语动词形式。

如果你实在不会非谓语,《奇速英语语法填空.短文改错&书面表达》教你一个很无赖的方法(正确率很高):“空”后面紧跟名词,填ing形式,反之填ed形式。例如:He sits in the classroom, ____ (read) a book. 此题中的“空”所在句子有谓语sit,并且“空”后面紧跟名词a book,所以直接填reading。再例如:He stands in the classroom, _____ (punish) for his mistakes. 此题中的“空”所在句子有谓语stand,并且“空”后面不紧跟名词,所以直接填punished。

【小结】:

如果“空”所在句子已经有谓语动词,而且“空”的提示词是动词,那么就看“空”后面紧跟的是否是名词(从句也可),如果紧跟名词,那么就填动词的ing形式,如果不紧跟名词,那么就填动词的ed形式。

有提示考点三:(词性转换)

如果提示词是名词、形容词、动词(不考察时态或非谓语的时候),那么考察的是词性转换:名词转换成形容词、形容词转换成副词、动词转换成名词。这个变化比较复杂,在基础篇里不讲,如果只想看个基础篇就杀向高考的学沫们,这个考点就看你们的造化了。

不过还是先给你们举几个典型例子。例1:I want a _____ (reason) explanation. 此题填reasonable, 考察名词转换成形容词(形容词修饰名词explanation)。例2:He lives _____ (comfortable) in the big house. 此题填comfortably, 考察形容词转换成副词(副词修饰动词live)。例3:I understand your ____ (choose). 此题填choice, 考察动词转换成名词(名词在句子中做主语或宾语)。

【小结】:

词性转换常考三大类:名词转换成形容词、形容词转换成副词、动词转换成名词。其中最容易得分的是形容词转换成副词,也就是说如果看到形容词的提示词,可以直接填入该提示词结尾加ly的形式(如果是辅音字母 + y结尾的,要把y改成i再加ly,比如steady 要变成steadily)。

以上就是基础篇涉及的考点,虽然不是全部考点,但却是热门考点。基础不好的同学,你把基础篇掌握好了,完全有可能在语法填空上得到一半的分数。以前的单项选择题你能得到一半的分数吗?所以,四哥之前说语法填空从某种角度看是变简单了,并不是在忽悠你们。

注:本篇语法填空文章只保留了利用刚才所学能填出的五个空,缩短了篇幅来以此改

善童鞋们的阅读体验。(语法填空主要考察语法,所以就算看不懂整篇文章也不影响大部分题目的填写。)

A doctor entered the hospital in a hurry after being called in for urgent surgery. He answered the call, __1__ (change) his clothes and went directly to the surgery block……Once seeing him, the dad said __3___ (angry), “Why did you take your time to come? Don’t you have __4__ sense of responsibility?”……waiting for the father’s reply, he carried on with his way running……Later the nurse told ___8___ that the doctor…….Never judge anyone because you never know how their life is or

___10___ they’re going through.

【试题详解】:

第一题,“空”考察的是时态。这个“空”容易让人误解为是考察非谓语。其实“空”所在的句子是三个谓语动词并列:called, changed, went。所以填“changed”。

第三题,“空”考察的是词性转换,看到形容词angry,直接转化成副词“angrily”。

第四题,“空”考察的是冠词。后面一看是裸奔的名词sense (就算不认识sense,根据语境你应该能猜出它是名词), sense之前还没出现过,一定填“a”。

第八题,“空”考察代词的宾格。此“空”作told的宾语,所以要填代词宾格,根据上句,应该是单数的男性,所以填“him”。

第十题,“空”考察的是名词性从句连词。“空”的前面不是名词,并且“空”的后

面有主谓结构they’re going,还有缺少宾语的介词through,所以要填what或who,根

据语境,“他们正在经受的”指的是物,最终填what。

《奇速英语系高中英语语法填空、短文改错&书面表达》

随着高考英语题型的重大变化—取消单项选择,增加新题型(语法填空)以及更多的省

份选用全国卷,英语Ⅱ卷的得失对高考成败的影响越来越大,而与此同时对新题型的解读和指导却严重不到位,《奇速英语系高中英语语法填空、短文改错&书面表达》一书正是基于这一契机应运而生。

本书共分:单句语法填空、语篇填空、短文改错、书面表达、高考重点词汇词形变化

和答案详解六个部分。

本书主要特色如下:

一、语法填空

1. 分为单句语法填空和语篇填空两部分,其中语篇填空又分为对话型语法填空,语篇型语法填空,三个环节层层递进,阶段训练,螺旋上升;

2. 单句语法填空中一题一考点,一考点一题,涵盖高考所有重点必考点,题与考点(亦即解析)分离,解析即教师讲义稿,可先讲义后习题,亦可先习题后讲义,完全自主选择;

3. 语篇填空包含技巧点拨和实战演练,学中练,练中学,轻松掌握解题技巧,快速提分。

二、短文改错

均为原创编写,分为技巧点拨和实战演练两部分,讲练结合。

三、书面表达

书面表达指导学生按照“写作三步进阶法”模板训练,按各种体裁分类,固定模板训练:精美词句—基本句式—句型升级—范文赏析(词、句/连接词/句式/要点等)—我要评分。教会学生从“我怕写作—我会写作—我要写作—我会评分”转变。

四、答案详解部分单独成册,与习题分开,便于学生使用;教师用书与学生用书分离,方便使用。

本书的作者全部为全国重点名校高三毕业班一线教师,内容均为日常教学中所使用的

一手教学资料经过命题专家指导反复修改而成。

本书体现了新课标、新教材、新考纲的要求,既可以作为高三学生英语总复习备考使用,也可以作为高一、高二学生日常教学使用。对快速提高学生英语Ⅱ卷成绩大有帮助。

我们坚信:没有最好,但有更好。我们奇速英语全国名师大联盟团队主编QQ757722345每年会根据高考的动向及时修订,希望能真正帮助到全国广大师生提高教学质量和英语成绩。

高考英语科启用语篇型语法填空题

一、语篇型语法填空的形式

在一篇200词左右的语篇(短文或对话)中留出10处空白,部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式,要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容,所填写词语不得超过三个。

二、语篇型语法填空的测试点

主要包括动词时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、名词、形容词、副词、连词、冠词、代词、介词、复合句、强调句、感叹句、倒装句、反意疑问句、省略句、定于从句的连接词和it的用法等。

三、语篇型语法填空的解题思路

考生在对题目进行作答之前,要先对题干进行详细阅读,检查题目中是否有提示词语

存在;而后判断出所填词语在句子中所充当的句子成分,例如,主语、谓语等;最后根据其所充当的句子成分,加之其所处句子的语态等,选择词语的正确形式,例如,动词的现在分词或者过去分词,或者形容词的比较或者最高级的使用等。

在句子中没有提示词或者标志词存在时,考生要根据句子中所填词语的位置,判断所填词语的词性,例如,连接词、定冠词或者不定冠词、代词或者介词等。定冠词以及不定冠词的位置通常在名词之前,起到对名词进行限制的作用。而代词则分为形容词性物主代词、名词性代词、指示代词和不定代词等。在运用介词的时候,往往考查介词的固定搭配,其中包括动词、形容词等与介词的搭配。

语法填空的题目虽然难度相对较大,考查范围相对较广,考生失分现象较为严重,但是只要考生能够清楚地了解这类题目的命题特点和命题规律,掌握答题的技巧,在备考的过程中有针对性地多加练习,熟练语法的运用,及时对经验进行总结,加强在语篇情境下的语法应用能力,在考试中就能提高语法填空题的准确率,取得较为理想的成绩。

四、语篇型语法填空例题

(一) 短文体

One of my father’s favorite 1 (say) as I was growing up was “Try it!” I couldn’t say I didn’t like something, 2 itmight be, until after I tried it. Over the years I’ve come to realize how much of my success I owe to my 3 (accept) of those words as one of my values. My firstjob was just one I decided to try for a couple of years until I determined what I wanted to do as a career. 4 (actual) I believed I would work for a few years,get 5 (marry), stay home and raise a family, so I didn’t think the job I took mattered that much. Icouldn’t 6 more mistaken. I mastered the skills of that 7 (begin) levelposition and I was given the opportunity (机会) to move up through the company into 8 (differ)positions. I accepted each new opportunity with the thought, “Well, I’ll tryit; 9 I don’t like it I can alwaysgo back to my 10 (early) position.” But I waswith the same company for the past 28 years.

1. sayings

2. whatever

3. acceptance

4. Actually

5. married

6. have been

7.beginning 8. different 9. if 10. earlier

(二)对话体

Mum: (putting on her coat) I’m going to have to godown to the shop for more bread.

Alan: Why?

Mum: I’m notsure what 1 (happen). I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table 2

Iwent to answer the phone. But someone must have taken them becausethey’re 3 (go).

Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. I’m sure hewas in the kitchen 4 (early).

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绝密★启封前 1 2016普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(浙江卷) 2 英语 3 4 5 选择题部分(共80分) 6 第一部分:英语知识运用(共两节,满分30分) 7 第一节:单项填空(共20小题;每小题0.5分,满分10分) 8 从A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题纸上将该选项9 标号涂黑。 10 1. --Are you sure you're ready for the best? --_________. I'm well prepared for it. 11 12 A. I'm afraid not B. No problem C. Hard to say D. Not really 13 2.______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris. 14 15 A. The ; 不填 B. A ; 不填 C. A ; the D. The ; a 16 3. In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from ____in 17 the UK. 18 A. that B. this C. one D. it 1

4. It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may 19 20 affect your ______. 21 A. condition B. income C. credit D. status 22 5._______online shopping has changed our life , not all of its effects have been 23 positive. 24 A. Since B. After C. While D. Unless 6.That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his 25 26 help .______, he's reliable. 27 A. Or else B. In short C. By the way D. For one thing 7. The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _______influence the basic 28 29 processes by which we see world around us. 30 A. on B. in C. at D. about 31 8. We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite , rather than 32 _______ us. 33 A. divide B. reject C. control D. abandon 34 9. Silk ______ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 35 BC. 36 A. had become B. reject C. control D. abandon 37 10.To return to the problem of water pollution , I'd like you to look at a study 38 _______ in Australia in 2012. 2

(完整word版)2016—2018年高考全国卷英语语法填空

A (2018全国一卷) According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long 62 (see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.While running regatesalstly cann't make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and wi ll do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68 (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap,easy and it's always 69 (energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try. B (2018全国二卷) Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country 61 (grow)more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is 63 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 66 (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 68 (start) a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele. C (2018全国三卷) I'm not sure 61 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 63 (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel 65 (challenge).

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