最新高中英语必修二Unit4-知识点讲解及答案

必修二第四单元

Ⅰ.词汇短语过关

1．respond vi.回答，答复；响应，作出反应

response n. 回答，回复；反应

respond to sb./sth.回答(比answer, reply to正式)

respond to sb./sth. (with/ by sth.) 用……回应某人(事)

respond to (疾病、身体的受伤部分)对医药有良好反应

response to sb./sth. (对人/物)的回答/回复/反应

in response to 作为对……的反应

[即学即练1]

(1)They still haven't ____________ my letter.

他们至今仍没有回我的信。

(2)He ____________ my suggestion ________ a laugh/______ laughing. 他对我的建议报以一笑。

(3)His illness didn't ____________ treatment by drugs.

他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。

(4)My mother opened the door ____________________ the knock, but there was no one outside.

听到敲门声后，我妈妈打开了门，但外面一个人都没有。

responded to , responded to , with , by , respond to , in response to

2．certain adj. 确定的；无疑的；某(种)

(1)作“某(种)”讲时，同义于some.但some 前不加冠词。

for a certain reason＝for some reason 由于某种原因

certain professors＝some professors 某些教授

a certain amount of time 相当一段时间

(2)作“确信的，有把握的”讲时，同义于sure.但是certain 的主语既可以是人，也可用于It is certain that...句型，而sure 主语只能是人。

“be certain/sure＋从句”(人)有把握/确信……(表示主语的信念)

be certain/sure of/about sth. (人)确信(表示主语的信念)

be certain/sure to do sth. 必定/肯定会做某事(主语常为二、三人称，表示说话人的信念)

“make certain/sure＋从句”弄清楚/确保……

make certain/sure of/about sth. 把某件事情弄清楚

for certain/sure 确定地，确切地(做状语)

It is certain that... 一定会……(不能用sure)

[即学即练2]

(1)There was _________________ in his manner.他的态度有点冷淡。

(2)Are you ____________________ it？你对此有把握吗？

(3)He is __________________ his duty.他肯定会尽职。

(4)_________________ he has wronged me.我确信他冤枉了我。

(5)_________________ their team will win the match.他们队肯定会赢得比赛。

a certain coldness , certain about/of , certain to do , I’m certain that , It’s certain that

3．contain vt. 包含；容纳(＝hold)；抑制(＝control)

[即学即练3]

(1)His paper ___________ no mistakes at all.

他的试卷没有一点错误。

(2)Orange juice ____________ things which help keep you healthy.

橘汁里含有有益于健康的东西。

(3)This bottle ___________ two glasses of beer.

这个瓶子可容纳两杯啤酒。

(4)He couldn't ____________ for joy.他不胜欢喜。

contained , contains , contains , contain himself

4．affect vt.影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭

be greatly/deeply affected很/深受感动

be affected by heat/cold中暑/着凉

be affected with high fever发高烧

[即学即练4]

(1)The amount of rain ______ the growth of crops.降雨量直接影响庄稼生长。

(2)One of her lungs ____________ a little so that she has to rest.她的一叶肺有些感染，所以她不得不休息。

(3)The audience ____________________ by his speech.

听众被他的演讲深深打动了。

affects , is affected , were deeply affected

5．appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激；喜欢

appreciation n. 欣赏；感激

appreciate sth. (thank sb.) 感激某事或某人

appreciatedoing sth.感激做某事

one/one's doing sth.感激某人做某事

I would appreciate it if... 如果……，我将不胜感激。

[即学即练5]

(1)He highly __________________________.

他非常感谢他的帮助。

(2)We shall ___________________________ you again.

我们将很高兴再次收到您的来信。

(3)I really ____________________________ to the party.

你能来参加这次聚会我太高兴了。

(4)I would ______________________ you could help me.

如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。

appreciated his help

appreciate hearing from

appreciate your coming

appreciate it if

6．succeed v．成功

success n. [U]成功；成就[C]成功的人或事

successful adj. 成功的

successfully adv. 成功地

succeed in doing sth.

have success in doing sth.

be successful in doing sth.成功做某事

achieve great success 取得巨大的成功

sb./sth. is a success 成功的人或事

[即学即练6]

(1)We all _____________________ the mid－term examination.我们都成功地通过了期中考试。

(2)Failure is the mother of __________.失败是成功之母。

(3)He was _________________________ as a novelist.

他是非常成功的小说家。

succeeded in passing , success , a success

7．harm vt. & n．损害；危害

harmful adj.有害的

be harmful to＝do harm to

do sb. harm＝do harm to sb.对……有害

There is no harm in doing sth.

＝It does no harm (for sb.)to do sth.

做某事是个好主意(或没有坏处)。

[即学即练7]

(1)The dog seems fierce, but it won’t ______ anyone.这条狗看上去很凶，但它不会伤害任何人。

(2)Fruit juice can ______________________ children’s teeth.

果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。

(3)He may say no, but ___________________________ asking.他可能拒绝，但问一问也无妨。

harm , be harmful to , there is no harm in

8．die out 灭亡，逐渐消失

die out 绝种，灭绝；熄灭；(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失

die off(家族、种族等)相继死亡；(草木)先后枯死

die away(声音、光线、风等)渐弱，渐息，平息

die down(火、光线、兴奋、暴风雨等)渐弱，渐息；(声音)静下来

die of 指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿、悲伤等

die from 指由于外伤、外界原因、粗心、不注意、劳累过度等而死

[即学即练8]

(1) Scientists said that those plants ______ a century ago.

科学家们说那些植物一个世纪前就绝种了。

(2) Many old customs ___________________________.

许多古老的风俗正逐渐消失。

(3)If the snowstorm does not blow over, the cattle will ______________.

如果暴风雪不停息，牲畜就要死掉了。

(4)Open the air hole; the fire is ___________________.

把气孔打开，火要熄了。

died out , are dying out , die off , dying down

(5)Every winter some old people _______________ hypothermia.

每年冬天都有一些老人死于体温过低。

(6)Nowadays many people ________________ cancer.

现在有很多人死于癌症。

die from , die of

9．in danger (of...)处于危险之中

out of danger 脱离危险

[即学即练9]

(1)The drowned girl was obviously

_________________________.

很明显，那个溺水的女孩的生命危在旦夕。

(2)The old house is _________________ collapse.

那所老房子有倒塌的危险。

(3)They were told at the hospital that their grandmother was _________________.

他们在医院得知他们的祖母已经脱离危险了。

in immediate danger , in danger of , out of danger

拓展：与in/out of 搭配的短语

in order 有秩序

in sight 看得见

in trouble 在困境中

in line 成行(队)

in place 适合/当

in fashion 时尚out of order出故障(机器等工作不正常)

out of sight 看不见

out of trouble 摆脱困境

out of line 不成一直线

out of place 不合适

out of fashion 过时

10．protect...from/against... 保护……免受……(的伤害)

defend...from/against...保卫……以抵制……

keep sb. from doing

stop sb. (from) doing

prevent sb. (from) doing阻止某人做

[即学即练10]

(1)Young plants should be well ______________ the cold.

幼苗必须被很好地保护以免受冻。

(2)The hen ___________ its young ___________ being attacked by the cat. 母鸡保卫小鸡使其免遭猫的袭击。

(3)Everyone should take up arms to __________ our country from invasion.

每个人都应当拿起武器保卫我们的国家不受侵犯。

(4)Nothing can ______ us ______ realizing our dreams.

什么也不能阻止我们实现梦想。

protected from , protected , against , defend ,