2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit 4 Earthquakes 单元学案(23页word版含有答案解析)
2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit 4 Earthquakes 单元学案
核心词汇
1．The firemen____________(营救)three women from the burning house.
2．He couldn’t help____________(爆发)into tears when he saw his mother again.
3．Unluckily，the house that we talked about is in____________(废墟)．
4. The soldiers____________(使陷入困境)their enemies and forced them to give in.
5．I find it hard to____________(判断)how the election will go. 6．On arriving there，we expressed our____________(祝贺)to him on his success.
7．We were____________(震惊)at their terrible working conditions.
8．The umbrella is a poor____________(避身处)from heavy rain. 9．Thousands of people died in the earthquake，and many children became homeless because of the natural____________(灾难)．10．On seeing the ____________ scene，the little girl was so ____________ that she burst out crying.(frighten)
11．Mr.Wang couldn’t____________himself clearly when he heard the news，but I could tell from his____________that he was very upset.(express)
12．____________from what he said just now，he must be an honest man.On the contrary，he often tells a lie，so we should not ____________a man by his appearance.(judge)
1.rescued
2.bursting
3.ruins
4.trapped
5.judge
6.congratulations
7.shocked
8.shelter
9.disaster 10.frightening；frightened11.express；expression,12.Judging；judge
高频短语
1．________________ 立刻；马上
2．________________ 好像；仿佛
3．________________ 结束；终结
4．________________ 严重受损；破败不堪
5．________________ 掘出；发现
6．________________ 许多；大量的
7．________________ 刮走
8．________________ 代替；而不是
9．________________ 陷入
10．________________ 埋头于
1.right away
2.as if
3.at an end
4.in ruins
5.dig out
6.a(great)number of
7.blow away
8.instead of
9.be trapped in 10.be buried in
重点句式
1．________________the world was at an end!
仿佛到了世界末日！
2．Thousands of families were killed and many children________________.
成千上万的家庭被毁，许多孩子成了孤儿。
3．____________people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
死伤人数达到40多万。
4．____________they looked nearly everything was destroyed. 人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。
5．____________hope was____________lost.
不是所有的希望都破灭了。
6．The army organized teams to____________were trapped and to bury__________.
解放军组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。
知识详解
1.It seemed as if
2.were left without parents
3.The number of
4.Everywhere
5.All；not
6.dig out those who；the dead 1.burst vt.& vi. (使)爆裂；(使)裂开；(使)炸开；突然出现；
爆发n．突然破裂；爆发
(回归课本P26)In the city，the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.
在市内，有些建筑物的水管爆裂开来。
12
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P261)He felt he would burst with anger and shame.
他恼羞成怒，都要气炸了。
②(牛津P261)Firefighters burst the door open and rescued them. 消防队员撞开门，把他们救了出来。
③Scarcely had she heard the news about the death of Michael Jackson when she burst out crying/burst into tears.
她一听到迈克尔·杰克逊死亡的消息，就失声痛哭起来。
[即境活用]
1．完成句子
(1)他没敲门就闯进房间。
He ________ ________ ________ ________without knocking at the door.
答案：burst into the room
(2)我走了进去，所有的人都突然放声大笑起来。
I walked in and everyone________ ________ ________.
答案：burst out laughing
2.injure vt. 损害；伤害
(回归课本P26)Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.
他们中有2/3在地震中伤亡。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(朗文P1065)Two men were severely injured trying to save a 5-year-old girl from a pit bull.
两名男子奋力从比特犬嘴下救出一名五岁小女孩时身受重伤。
②Your words may injure her pride.
你的话也许会伤她的自尊。
③The injured were sent to hospital right away.
伤员被立即送往医院。
[易混辨析]
wound，injure，hurt，harm
(1)wound一般指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤，尤指战争、战斗中受伤。
(2)injure一般指由于意外或事故造成的损伤，其宾语常为健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失。
(3)hurt可以指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的伤害，特指伴有疼痛的肉体上的伤害；作不及物动词时，是“痛”的意思。
(4)harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可，有时可指引起不安或不便。
①About 50 people were seriously wounded in the attack.
②One of the players injured his knee and had to be carried off.
③What really hurt me was that he never answered my letters.
④Don’t harm your eyes by reading in dim light.
[高效记忆]
[即境活用]
2．Unfortunately，at least 20 miners were killed,22________and 13 ________ in the coal mine gas explosion.
A．injuring；trapping
B．injured；trapped
C．injured；trapping
D．injuring；trapped
解析：选B。考查省略和被动语态。miners与injure和trap之间都是被动关系，所以句子要用被动语态。该句是一个省略句，补充完整为：Unfortunately，at least...,22 miners were injured and 13 miners were trapped in the...。句意：不幸的是，在这起煤矿瓦斯爆炸中，至少有20人死亡，22人受伤，13人被困。
3.ruin n．[U] 毁坏；毁灭；崩溃n．[C](pl.) 废墟；遗迹v．(使)破产；(使)堕落；毁灭
(回归课本P26)In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就成为一片废墟。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P1747)That one mistake ruined his chances of getting the job.
正是这个错误断送了他得到那份工作的机会。
②(牛津P1747)Years of fighting have left the area in ruins. 经年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。
③The war brought the country to ruin.
战争毁灭了这个国家。
[即境活用]
3．It rained for two weeks on end，completely________our holiday.
A．ruined B．to ruin
C．ruining D．was ruined
解析：选C。句意：大雨连续不停地下了两周，完全毁了我们的假期。ruining为现在分词作状
语，表结果。
4．________is no wonder that the building is________now；it was so big a fire last night.
A．It；in ruins B．That；in ruins
C．There；in ruins D．It；in ruin
解析：选A。“It is no wonder that...”是固定句
式，表示“难怪……”；be/lay in ruins是固定短
语，意为“成为废墟”。
4.bury vt. 埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入(回归课本P26)The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
救援部队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P262)Their ambitions were finally dead and buried. 他们的雄心壮志最终被埋葬了。
②(牛津P262)He buried his face in his hands and wept.
他双手掩面而泣。
③(牛津P262)Since she left，he’s buried himself in his work. 自从她走后，他全心扑在工作上。
④She had learnt to bury her feelings.
她已经学会了感情不外露。
[即境活用]
5．他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。
________ ________ ________ ________，he didn’t know that all the others had left.
答案：Buried/Absorbed in his study
5.judge v．断定；判断；判决
n．裁判员；法官；评判员
(回归课本P30)Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.
五个裁判听了你的演讲，他们都同意这是今年最好的演讲。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P1098)Don’t judge a book by its cover.
勿以貌取人。
②(牛津P1098)Judging by her last letter，they are having a wonderful time.
从她上封信看，他们过得非常愉快。
③(牛津P1098)As far as I can judge，all of them are to blame. 依我看，他们都应承担责任。
【温馨提示】judging from/by表示“从……上看，根据……来判断”，用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语，而不采用过去分词的形式。
[即境活用]
6．I haven’t read all of his books before，but________from the one I have read，I think he’s a very promising writer. A．judged B．judging
C．determining D．determined
解析：选B。judging from...是固定短语，常在句中作状语。不管
它与主语是主动还是被动关系，都要用judging from形式。
7．I shall make my own________on this matter when I see the result.
A．justice B．judgement
C．intention D．conclusion
解析：选B。“作出判断”用make one’s judgement。justice公正，公平；intention打算，意图；conclusion结论，常和动词draw，reach，arrive at，come to等搭配。
6.at an end 结束；终结
(回归课本P26)It seemed as if the world was at an end!
仿佛到了世界末日！
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①The meeting was nearly at an end when I got to the meeting room.
我到达会议室时，会议快要结束了。
②By the end of last year，he had learned two thousand English words.
到去年年底为止，他已学了2000个英语单词。
③They decided to put an end to the quarrel.
他们决定结束争吵。
④Being out of work and having two young children，they found
it impossible to make ends meet.他们失业了，还要养活两个小孩，他们发现无法维持起码的生活。
[即境活用]
8．I’m sorry to say that our food is almost________.We can’t survive if there is no one to help us.
A．by the end B．at the end
C．in the end D．at an end
解析：选D。考查介词短语辨析。by the end到……为止；at the end 在……尽头；in the end最后，终于；at an end结束，终结。句意：我很遗憾地说我们的食物快没了。如果没人来帮助我们，我们就无法生存了。
7.a number of 许多，大量的
(回归课本P27)Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.
那么多的人丧生是因为地震发生时人们正在睡觉。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P1367)A large number of people have applied for the job.许多人申请了这份工作。
②Helen has a great many friends indeed，but she does not think she has any she can believe in.
海伦固然有许多朋友，可是她认为没有一个是可以信任的。
③The poor girl from a small village was deeply impressed by the large quantities of food in the big city.
大城市里大量丰富的食品给这个来自小山村的穷苦的女孩留下了深刻的印象。
[易混辨析]
the number of，a number of
(1)a number of...许多；大量的，后接可数名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
(2)the number of...……的数目，后接可数名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
①The number of homeless people has increased dramatically.
②A number of students want to go to college when they finish middle school.
[即境活用]
9．As you can see，the number of cars on our roads________rising these days.
A．was keeping B．keep
C．keeps D．were keeping
解析：选C。句意：正如你所见，目前道路上汽车的数量在不断增加。the number of作主语时，谓语动词用单数，可排除B、D；再根据时间状语these days可知描述的是现在的情况，所以选C。
句型梳理
1【教材原句】It seemed as if the world was at an end！(P26) 仿佛到了世界末日！
【句法分析】as if＝as though“仿佛；好像”可用来引导表语从句和方式状语从句。
如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的情况时，句子要用陈述语气；当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。
①He kept working as if nothing had happened.
他继续工作，仿佛什么都没有发生似的。
②When a pencil is partly put into a glass of water，it looks as if it were broken.
当把铅笔的一部分放进水里时，它看上去好像断了。
③It looks as if it is going to rain.
看起来似乎要下雨。
【温馨提示】如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略主语和be动词，这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。
④She walked here and there on the playground as if(she was)looking for something.
她在操场上来回走，好像在找什么东西。
⑤The old man was lying on the ground as if(he was)hurt badly.
老人躺在地上，好像伤得很厉害。
⑥He opened his mouth as if to say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
[即境活用]
10．Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it________yesterday.
A．was happening B．happens
C．has happened D．happened
解析：选D。考查虚拟语气。由as if引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，再结合前面的remembers可知与现在事实相反，因此用一般过去时。故选D项。
2【教材原句】All hope was not lost.(P26)
不是所有的希望都破灭了。
【句法分析】(1)本句是部分否定句。当否定句中有不定代词all，both，each和含有every的合成词时，表部分否定。
①All my friends do not study well.＝Not all my friends study well.我的朋友并不个个都学习好。
②Everything is not right.
并非什么都好。
【温馨提示】凡是具有总括意义的代词(each，everybody，everything等)、形容词(complete，whole等)和副词(completely，always，altogether等)与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不
都；并非都”的意思。而no，none，never，nobody，neither，nothing，no more，no longer等表示否定意义的词与谓语一起使用就构成了全部否定。
③(2010年高考天津卷)Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.
我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次参观故宫博物馆。
④None of us was allowed to go there.
我们全都不让去那里。
(2)be lost/gone/missing丢了，不在。
⑤With all my money lost/missing/gone，I couldn’t go home. 所有的钱都丢了，我无法回家。
⑥When he found his book gone/lost/missing，he was really upset.当他发现他的书丢了时，他的确很伤心。
[即境活用]
11．(2010年高考江西卷)Swimming is my favorite sport.There is________like swimming as a means of keeping fit. A．something B．anything
C．nothing D．everything
解析：选C。句意：游泳是我最喜欢的运动。作为保持健康的方式，没有什么能比得上游泳了。本题考查不定代词。根据上文可知，空格处需要一个表示否定意义的词，所以C为答案。
12．—Which of the two computer games did you prefer?
—Actually I didn’t like________.
A．both of them B．either of them
C．none of them D．neither of them
解析：选B。考查代词。上文为two computer games，下文则讲两者都不喜欢，none表三者及三者以上，可以排除C项。not either在此等同于neither，符合语境。
13．I agree with most of what you said，but I don’t agree with________.
A．anything B．something
C．everything D．nothing
解析：选C。everything与否定词连用表示部分否定。
高考试题链接
语言知识运用(满分45分，限时30分钟)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My three children and I were on our way to get their hair cut for the holidays. My middle child was in __41__ due to some kind of misunderstanding. I didn't pay special attention to her. I really had __42__ patience to deal with her “middle child syndrome”．
On reaching the barbershop, we stopped our car, __43__ and then headed into the barbershop. She __44__ followed us, trying to pull herself together. The rest of us entered the barbershop as she was only seconds __45__.
An elderly gentleman had just __46__ with his haircut. He __47__ up to her, with his wife holding him up on his right side. He looked her in the __48__ and said, “You look sad, sweetie. You are too __49__ to be sad！” My sweet baby gave him a smile. Setting against her pink hat, her shining eyes __50__ looked more beautiful. She __51__ a quick deep breath because of surprise.
He winked (眨眼) at __52__ and grabbed his jacket from across the room. He had to cross her path again, as she was seated by the __53__.He stopped, took a look at her for a second __54__，and pulled out his __55__.He handed her a dollar bill.
I don't remember what was __56__， for it was not any of my business. That man __57__ her a good rest of her night as he and his wife left, leaving a huge __58__ on our hearts forever. My sweet baby __59__ about her dollar's whereabouts (所在之处) all night. I know that she felt its magic, and I know that I __60__， too.
语篇解读：本文为记叙文。一位原本在发脾气的小女孩在理发店经一
位老人的一眨眼、一笑和一美元之后开心起来。
41．A. relief B．tears
C．ruins D．danger
解析：选B 由下文多次出现的sad可知，小女孩因为某种误会在“哭泣(tears)”。
42．A. some B．much
C．little D．endless
解析：选C 由上句“I didn't pay special attention to her.”可知，对待小女孩的所谓的“中间儿童综合征”，作者没有多“少(little)”耐心。
43．A. stood up B．moved on
C．turned out D．got out
解析：选D 由“stopped our car”可知，他们待车停下来以后从车内“出去(got out)”。stand up“站起来；经得起”；move on“交换工作/班级”；turn out“结果是”；get out“离开；出去”。44．A. unwillingly B．happily
C．carefully D．easily
解析：选 A 由下文“trying to pull herself together”可知，小女孩“不情愿地(unwillingly)”跟在家人身后。
45．A. earlier B．behind
C．late D．before
解析：选B 由“followed us”可知，小女孩走在最后，比其他人
“落后(behind)”几秒钟。
46．A. done B．played
C．finished D．began
解析：选C 由下文其随后要出门可知，老人刚刚“理完(finished)”发。
47．A. walked B．looked
C．jumped D．ran
解析：选A 由下文“with his wife holding him up on his right side”可知，老人是“走着(walked)”来到小女孩身旁的。
48．A. mouth B．eye
C．nose D．face
解析：选B 老人看着小女孩的“眼睛(eye)”讲话。
49．A. tired B．clever
C．beautiful D．brave
解析：选C 由本空前后的“You look sad, sweetie.”及“beautiful”可知，老人说：这么“漂亮的(beautiful)”小女孩是不应该伤心的。50．A. never B．always
C．sometimes D．often
解析：选A 由“My sweet baby gave him a smile. Setting against her pink hat, her shining eyes”可知，她明亮的眼睛“从来没有(never)”像今天这样美过。
51．A. made B．needed
C．avoided D．took
解析：选D 此处take a deep breath是固定搭配意为“深吸一口气”。
52．A. him B．her
C．us D．them
解析：选B 由上下文语境可判断老人应该是向小女孩眨眼。53．A. door B．window
C．desk D．mirror
解析：选A 由“He had to cross her path again”可知，老人理完发要出门，不得不经过小女孩旁边，所以她应该被安排坐在“门(door)”边。
54．A. minute B．day
C．chance D．time
解析：选D 由上文“He looked her in the __48__ and said”可知，老人是第二“次(time)”看小女孩。
55．A. bag B．wallet
C．pocket D．hand
解析：选B 由“He handed her a dollar bill.”可知，老人拿出来的是他的“钱包(wallet)”。
56．A. done B．expected
C．said D．reported
解析：选C 由“for it was not any of my business.”可知，此