商务英语阅读第二版 王关富 Unit 6 Goodbye Free Trade 课后答案
商务英语阅读(第二版)-王关富
-Unit-6-Goodbye--Free-Trade 课后答案-
Unit 6
Goodbye, Free Trade?
Exercises
1.Answer the questions on the text.
1) What was the result when the House of Representatives passed the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act in 1930?
The economic recession in the United States became even worse.
2) According to the author, what happens when a currency appreciates? It diminishes the export advantage of the country and makes it difficult to increase exports or even maintain the status quo.
3) How did American politicians take advantage of the public's strong
anti-free-trade sentiment in the United States?
They created a talking point in charges of unfair trade so that they thought
they could benefit in the mid-term elections.
4) What did American politicians and economists agree and disagree over the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act?
Almost all of them agreed that it was a bad law, but they disagreed whether it triggered the Great Depression in the 1930s.
5) What did Milton Friedman think were the more important reasons for the Great Depression?
The malfunctioning gold standard system and inept monetary policy of the Federal Reserve.
6) What was the foreign reaction unexpected by the American lawmakers after the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act was enacted?
The trading partners were angered and imposed discriminatory tariffs on American goods. Canada in particular, as the largest export market for the US, reacted fiercely and handed its market over to the British competitors.
7) Why is it unlikely for the US to adopt another Smoot-Hawley today in the eye of the author?
(1)The US is much more integrated into the world economy today than it
was in the 1930s.
(2)Import restrictions seldom achieve their intended goals, instead, often
end up hurting American industries and consumers.
(3)The Americans have learned to consider the possible strong foreign retaliation against US exporters.
8) What were the respective results for those countries withdrawing from the the
to according 1930s the during it to clinging those and standard gold
author?
to gold standard allowed their currencies Those countries going off the monetary policies and, instead, used depreciate, avoided protectionist trade policy to end price deflation and stimulate economic growth.
by policies protectionist trade countries Those choosing to stay on pursued imposing high tariffs, import quotas and exchange controls, which did little
economic a longer Thus in boosting their economic growth. they suffered depression.
quantitative of the author justify his support for policy How 9) does the easing?
(1) Historically, the most important tool for resisting protectionist sentiment in the 1930s was a monetary policy that would promote economic growth. can right similar situation. Taking monetary policy the Today US is in a alleviate the pressure on Washington to adopt protectionist trade policy and can help to raise output before it leads to a high inflation.
by said: Additional measures taken also (2) He quotes what Charles Evens the Fed to stimulate growth should condoned, not condemned.
(3) What Mr. Friedman wrote 1997 about Japan: The surest road to a healthy economic recovery is to increase the rate of monetary growth, to shift from
tight money to easier money.
10) What does the author imply about the US Congress?
trade a following with the Fed, the US Congress is comparison In protectionist policy in blaming other countries for its unemployment and may cause serious trade retaliations from trading partners.
2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below. Make changes when necessary.
As the financial scandal involves so many people, the probe in to it could
1drag on for another year.
In the age of globalization more individuals are forced to integrate into
2)multinational work teams.
Many in Europe are now very much worried that it may sink into a
3)Japan-style economic recession.
But the business leaders yesterday warned against interest rate rises, arguing 4)
that inflation was being driven not by consumer spending, but by rising commodity prices.
5)After the call scandal, the American automakers and some politicians there were so eager to keep their rival Toyota at bay in the auto market.
6)Under the current labor law, two categories of employees are exempt from minimum wage and overtime requirements.
7)Though the local partner made a revised offer, the foreigner investor refused and reverted back to the original agreement conditions.
8)Last Friday the two parties met for more than five hours only to end up walking away from the table once again, reaching no agreement at all.
When the government supervises banks, it should take into account their pay 9)
and bonus structures which may often be the source of corruption.
The customers severely affected in the incident demanded that the company 10)
put in place effective measures to avoid occurrence of such things in the future.
s critical to take hold of any opportunity coming your way because it will
It'11)
never come back again once lost.
At times of economic depression, people are more inclined to unethical
12)
means in their business.
3. Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B:
B____________________________________ A__________________________ in put A) Restrictions that governments 1)unfair trade
place
or foreign or sale of a on the purchase
local
currency,by particularly
those in shortage
hard of
currencies. 6
B) Escalation of protectionism between two
2) real estate
or
more countries that impose punitive tariffs
and barriers in retaliation for each other. 8
C) A general decline in prices often caused 3) business cycle
by
a or the money supply a reduction in
decrease
spending. in
5
4) trade protectionism D) Unjustifiable and discriminatory policies
and supports by a government to its own
firms, ranging from export subsidies to
anti-
competitive practices. 1
5) price deflation E) Land, buildings, homes or anything fixed, immovable, or permanently attached that
can
be traded in the market. 2
or
duties imposing of policy The F) 6) exchange control
quotas on
imports in
to order
protect
商务英语阅读(第二版)参考译文 王关富编
Chapter 1 Why China Works 中国是今年唯一呈现出重大发展的主要经济体（economy），由于它通常是唯一敢于打破经济教科书中每一条例的经济体。事实上，中国不像其他五大经济体那样发展缓慢的主要原因是，它宏观调控的能力（its capacity for macro-economic control）。 为什么中国市场经济体系奏效？（market economic system）目前，欧美等国正通过银行及汽车业国有化及金融业实施新的有力规定（regulations），走向宏观调控。但问题更加紧迫（the question has a new urgency）。中国看上去最能驾驭（navigate）七十年内最糟的经济滑坡（downturn）。 在危机中，中国官员既能吸取像西方同行（counterparts）的传统市场工具，也能吸取中国市场经济体系的积累经验（arsenal）。去年早期，由于房地产市场（housing market）过热，中国官员仅命令银行削减房贷（cut back on housing loans），然后随着房屋销售量下降（fall），他们提供类似更低的房屋购置税（lower taxes on home purchases）。最近几周，他们展开类似西方的经济救援行动（launch economic rescue efforts），其中包括价值6000亿的大计划以增加政府开支和大幅利率削减（ramp up government spending）（big interests cuts）。但同时，他们也发布在西方国家眼里是不合理的干涉的命令，例如，上周中国官员召集包括钢铁建筑等行业的国有行业并购（buy up）国内外新资产（at home and abroad）以积极（actively）发挥在经济中的作用。 曾把中国宏观调控视为不成熟经济的弊病（immature economy），现在是稳定的保障（bulwark of stability）。CLSA经济学家AR说，”政府对大多数资本密集型产业的控制，让我看好中国的未来。政府会对这些领域的公司说，继续花吧，不要由于你们的投资计划“。尽管最大的出口及股票市场出现下滑，中国经济在09年看上去增加7%多，虽比近些年两位数（double-digit）增速有所下滑，但与其他国家相比仍然坚挺。随着国有银行放松信贷（loose credit），企业贷款率切实（actually）增加。摩根斯坦利的亚洲首席SR说，在一个投资支持可持续发展，并占GDP的40%的国家，政府再次增加投资以抵抗对增长的威胁。他又说，在危机时期，中国的指挥控制系统切实比其他市场基础系统有效。
商务英语阅读习题及答案一.doc
II) Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right 1. motivation 2. pursue 3. mark up 4. procurement 5. intangible 6. cargoroyalty 商务英语阅读习题（一） I) Comprehension 1. What is international trade? 2. What are the major motivations for private firm to operate international business? 3. What measures do most companies usually adopt to avoid wild swings in the sales and profits? 4. Pleas give the four major modes chosen by most companies when entering into international trade. 5. Could you find any difference between Direct Investment and Portfolio Investment? If you can, please tell the main reasons. 6. What is MNE? What are its synonyms? 7. What limits a firm's sales? A. to make continual efforts to gain sth. B. the action of obtaining, esp. by efforts of careful attention. C. which by is its nature can not be known by senses, not clear and certain, not real. D. the goods (freight) carried by a ship, plane or vehicle. E. the amount by which a price is raised. F. profit, interest- G. the net value of assets or interest, invest. 8. equity 股本，资产净值 H. not needing other things or people, taking decisions alone. 9. yield I. a share of the profits. 10. independent J. need or purpose. 2. A 3.E 4.B 5. C 6.D 7.1 8.G 9.F 10.H HI) Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given below and if necessary, put the word in the right form. A. orientation B. diversify C. seek out D. differentiate...from E. take advantage of F. undergo G. bring about H. correspond L abandon J. amount to K. Come after L. approach 1. That factory is trying to B its products to sell in different markets. 2. A successful businessman is always skilled in E every possible opportunity. 3. Reforming and opening to the world has G great changes in our lives. 4. Can you D this kind of operating the others? 5. Private firm going in for international business have a profit A 6. He I his company and family and went away with all the money. 7. The L of winter brings cold weather. 8. The manager's words J a refusal to the proposal.
商务英语阅读(第二版) 王关富 Unit 6 Goodbye, Free Trade 课后答案
Unit 6 Goodbye, Free Trade? Exercises 1.Answer the questions on the text. 1) What was the result when the House of Representatives passed the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act in 1930? The economic recession in the United States became even worse. 2) According to the author, what happens when a currency appreciates? It diminishes the export advantage of the country and makes it difficult to increase exports or even maintain the status quo. 3) How did American politicians take advantage of the public’s strong anti-free-trade sentiment in the United States? They created a talking point in charges of unfair trade so that they thought they could benefit in the mid-term elections. 4) What did American politicians and economists agree and disagree over the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act? Almost all of them agreed that it was a bad law, but they disagreed whether it triggered the Great Depression in the 1930s. 5) What did Milton Friedman think were the more important reasons for the Great Depression? The malfunctioning gold standard system and inept monetary policy of the Federal Reserve. 6) What was the foreign reaction unexpected by the American lawmakers after the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act was enacted? The trading partners were angered and imposed discriminatory tariffs on American goods. Canada in particular, as the largest export market for the US, reacted fiercely and handed its market over to the British competitors. 7) Why is it unlikely for the US to adopt another Smoot-Hawley today in the eye of the author? (1)The US is much more integrated into the world economy today than it was in the 1930s. (2)Import restrictions seldom achieve their intended goals, instead, often end up hurting American industries and consumers. (3)The Americans have learned to consider the possible strong foreign retaliation against US exporters. 8) What were the respective results for those countries withdrawing from the gold standard and those clinging to it during the 1930s according to the author?
商务英语阅读教学大纲(王关富)
课程名称：商务英语阅读( Business English Reading ) 《商务英语阅读》教学大纲 一、课程说明 《商务英语阅读》课程是英语专业（国际商务）的专业课程，是学生在进行英语基础课程学习后，涉及商务英语知识学习，商务英语语言学习的重要课程，旨在有系统、有步骤地训练和培养学生用英语表达与国际商务活动有关的术语名称、机构名称、协议并具备将文章译成正确流畅的汉语能力。 本课程是在英语专业（国际商务）的学生进行英语基础课程学习后开设的课程，有助于今后商务课程的学习。 本课程的教学时间安排是：每周4学时，计划教学周数 19周，总课时数76学时，其中实践学时数为34学时，主要内容是阅读商务类动态国际新闻时事并讨论。 本课程总学分数：4学分 二、学时分配表 三、教学目的与要求 本课程的教学目的：《商务英语阅读》是英语专业（国际商务）的一门主要课程，着重通过对当前热门的商务英语文章进行精讲，分析，使学生能够系统的学习。增加商务英语的基本词汇、掌握商务的基本理论和语言交际的基本技能，为培养适合现代经济、文化和社会发展需要服务。学生通过学习能够成为从事国内外商务活动的外语复合型人才和商贸英语翻译人才。 本课程各章的教学要求和知识考核点如下：
第一章中国模式为何奏效 通过本课程的学习使学生了解中国与欧美国家自由市场经济不同的经济模式—计划经济与市场经济并存所取得的成效，了解中国领导人进行市场改革开放以来的作为与成就，成功的因素，以及与西方经济模式对比之下的不同之处。 本章的主要知识点是：计划市场经济、自由市场经济及中国改革开放。 难点是：课文生词应用，white goods白色家电，如冰箱，洗衣机，微波炉，消毒碗柜等，premium brands高档品牌的商品。 第二章全球现状新解 本章通过了解第三世界国家新兴市场的观点和论说，并从历史的角度帮助学生体会对经济规模和管理的发展趋势。 本章的主要知识点是：供应链、库存周转率、规模经济、产业调整等。 难点是：课文生词应用，存款准备金率、主权债务危机、自由贸易等 第三章该重新获得平衡了 本章介绍了美国经济在多年贸易赤字下不平衡贸易、消费与生产出口方面的变化对经济发展的影响，指出美国经济应该进行转型。 本章的主要知识点是：贸易平衡、消费、与国内经济发展。 难点是：课文生词应用，如bemoan one's sad fate 自叹命苦；bemoan the shortage of funds for research 抱怨研究经费不足 第四章难以置信—欧洲在沉沦 本章介绍了全球金融危机年至今的欧元区经济的衰退和恢复情况。 本章的主要知识点是：2008年至今的欧元区经济的衰退和恢复 难点是：课文生词应用，如mayhem：There was absolute mayhem when the cow got into the village hall. 那牛闯进村会议厅, 造成一片混乱。 第六章自由贸易终结？ 本章介绍了全球化、市场经济、自由贸易、贸易保护主义等问题的争论，和对世界经济的未来及发展介绍。 本章的主要知识点是：贸易壁垒、自由贸易区、进口替代、公司福利、世贸组织中的争端解决机制等。 难点是：掌握相关的贸易术语 第七章底特律的辉煌还有机会再现吗 本章介绍了美国底特律汽车城的兴衰以及，分析了美国汽车工业的困境，展望了汽车工业的未来。 本章的主要知识点是：汽车行业市场变化。 难点是：汽车类名词，行业优劣势的分析 第八章乔布斯的十年 本章介绍了乔布斯，苹果公司前首席执行官乔布斯如何通过发挥他的创新特质、独特个人魅力，研发新产品的观念和手段成功地领导影响全球生活方式的苹果公司。
商务英语阅读(第二版)王关富unit13privateequity课后答案
Unit 13 The Business of Making Money Exercises 1. Questions on the text: 1)What are the latest developments in private equity in recent years Compared to the 1980s, the targets of today’s private equity groups are much bigger in size. In recent years, the private equity industry has raised record money and its share of mergers and acquisitions has grown massively. The industry has also become a byword for money-making skills but its wealth has also brought many enemies. 2)According to the article, what are the main inconveniences for a company to be a publicly quoted company The main inconveniences for a publicly quoted company include: its executives have to face intrusive media coverage; it has to obey strict and long corporate-governance codes; it also has to face the threats of activist investors and short sellers and the scrutiny by some politicians. 3)What are the main reasons for a company to get listed on a stockmarket Traditionally there are three main reasons to get a company’s share listed on a stockmarket. The first is to raise capital, either to expand the business or to allow the founders to realise their wealth. The second is to help retain staff, who can be offered share options as an incentive to stay and work hard. The third involves prestige; customers, suppliers and potential employees may be reassured (and attracted) by the apparent seal of approval given by a public listing. Meanwhile, being publicly listed gives a company better access to fund investors and retail investors. 4)Why are companies in the Anglo-Saxon economies reluctant to borrow from banks Companies in the Anglo-Saxon economies were reluctant to borrow from banks because their often felt nervous about the possibility of the sudden withdrawal of credit from the banks, due to a change in lending policy, new management or an economic downturn. 5)According to the article, what are the main sources for today’s companies to raise money (including equity capital and debt) Nowadays the main sources for companies to raise money are: first, equity market; second, banks, though much less important than they used to be; third, bond market; fourth, private equity. 6)How do private-equity firms respond to the problems identified by Professor Jensen with regard to public companies Professor Jensen argued that the structure of a public company creates an inherent conflict between investors and the managers they hire to run the business, particularly with regard to the use of free cash flow. He also argued
商务英语阅读 第二版 王关富 unit 1 Why China Works
商务英语阅读第二版王关富unit 1 Why China Works
Unit 1 Why China Works Exercises 1. Answer the questions on the text: 1) How does the author view the Chinese economy? It is the most important bright spot in the world economy under the global recession, the only major economy that is likely to show significant growth this year, and the only one that routinely breaks every rule in the economic textbook. 2) According to the author, why can the Chinese economy perform so well? Because of: (1) the capacity for state control by the Chinese government. (2) its rejection of exotic financial innovations that are the melting core of the global credit crisis. (3) the integration of its economic policies between traditional market tools and state control measures. 3) In what way does the author imply that western economists are erroneous in their bias toward “China’s market economic system”? The United States and Europe are moving toward state control by nationalizing their banking and car industries, and imposing heavy new regulation on the financial industry. 4) What is the view of Stephen Roach on the Chinese economy system? Investment is the backbone of sustainable growth in the Chinese economy, which works more effectively than other market based systems in times of economic stress. 5) Why can China work in the eye of the author? It has followed a radical pragmatism focusing on a slow but steady shift toward freer markets. 6) What is regarded as the strategic thinking of the Chinese leaders in market reforms? They understand even under the serious financial crisis that it can stabilize the Chinese market and economy to introduce more sophisticated forms of securitization, including stock index funds, corporate bonds and other debt products. They also realize that, in the course of doing this, they should learn from the mistakes the westerners have made. 7) What is the example given to illustrate the steadiness of the Chinese leaders in their policy execution? They continue to allow the value of yuan to rise despite of the American charges and the need for export competitiveness by their own enterprises. 8) What is “shock therapy”?
商务英语阅读-第二版-王艳-习题答案之-句子翻译
Chapter 1 1.这一监控体系最终将取代美国政府对古巴雪茄进口的上限。The monitoring system will finally substitute the U.S. government 's cap on cigar imports from Cuba. 2.墨西哥和美国之间的争执不会有任何作用，并可能导致北美自由贸易协定中关税解除的中 断。The quarrel between Mexico and the U.S. will be of no avail and it may disrupt the lifting of the agricultural tariffs under the North American Free Trade Agreement. 3.在召开部长级会议之前，将举行一次经济合作商业论坛，重点探讨如何减小全球经济 失衡的纠正对中国的冲击。An economic cooperation business forum, which will discuss how to minimize the negative impact of global economic imbalance adjustment on China, will take place shortly before the ministerial conference. 4.只有少数美国人将此问题归咎于这些明 显的因素，即美元贬值或经济周期。Few Americans attribute this to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the business cycle. 5.最新的科学研究揭示了这样的事实，即为减少温室气体排放所采取的必要措施会带来沉重的经济和政治成本。Recent research has shed light on the fact that there are heavy financial and political costs associated with the measures necessary to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. 6.有传言称上个月政府和这家公司的总裁秘密达成一笔交易。There are rumors that the government struck a private deal with the corporation's chairman last month. 7.反对派对美国政府施加压力，让他们改变对纺织品进口的政策。The opposition is exerting pressure on the U.S. government to change the policy towards textile imports. 8.自从签署双边自由贸易协定以来，这个新兴经济体一直处于科技的前沿。Since the establishment of the bilateral free-trade agreement, this emerging economy has always been at the forefront of science and technology. 9.一般 来说，浮动汇率应该使国家免受与贸易伙伴在通货膨胀上的持续差异的影响。In general, floating exchange rates are supposed to insulate countries from persistent differences in inflation with their trading partners. 10.据保守预测，到2010 年中国与北美和欧盟的进出口贸易堂将分別超过4000 亿美元，与10 个东盟国家的进出口贸易堂将超过2000 亿美元。According to conservative estimates, by 2010, China's import and export volume with North America and the EU would surpass $400 billion respectively, with ten ASEAN countries exceeding $200 billion. Chapter 2 1)政府出资 1 亿美元用于农村地区再生能源的开发和利用。The government has allocated $ 0.1 billion to the development and utilization of renewable energy in rural areas. 。 2)开发西部不能以破坏环境为代价，因此政府一直走经济开发建设和生态环境保护并进
商务英语阅读第二版chapter 5 Japan Goes from Dynamic to Disheartened 课文翻译 王关富
1.日本，大阪——像许多日本中产阶级一样，小企业主正人华20年前享有的富裕生活为 世人所艳羡。他购买了一套价值50万美元的公寓，时常去夏威夷度假，其座驾是一辆老款的奔驰轿车。 2.但慢慢地，他的生活水平随同日本的整体经济状况一道，逐渐走向崩溃。刚开始时，他 被迫减少了去国外旅行的次数，后来就彻底不去了。随后，他卖掉了奔驰，换了一款更便宜的国产轿车。去年，他卖掉了他的公寓——售价仅为17年前购房款的三分之一，还不及依然背负的按揭贷款。 3.“过去的日本，光鲜且乐观，而现如今的人们不得不静悄悄地压低生活质量，紧缩度日，” 49岁的正人华说。在接受采访时，他要求记者不要披露其全名，因为他依然无力偿付拖欠的11万美元按揭贷款。 4.在近代史中，没有几个国家的经济财富像日本这样，经历了如此惊人的扭转。上世纪 80年代，借助位居史上最大规模之列的股市投机及房产泡沫，日本一举成为第一个挑战西方长期霸权的亚洲国家，谱写了一曲源自亚洲的成功故事。 5.但这些泡沫最终于80年代晚期和90年代初期爆裂，日本旋即陷入了一个缓慢但不间断 的衰落进程，庞大的预算赤字和海量流动性的涌入都无法扭转这一趋势。在迄今差不多一代人的时间里，这个国家一直深陷通货紧缩泥沼（低增长，物价螺旋式下落），不能自拔。在此过程中，这只昔日的经济猛兽已雄风不再，失去了在全球经济中的傲人地位。 6.如今，随着美国和其他西方国家正竭力摆脱债务及其自身的房产泡沫，越来越多的经济 学家将日本当下的黯淡处境视为上述国家的未来走向。甚至在美联储主席伯南克酝酿新一轮非常规措施，以刺激经济之际，对美国和许多欧洲经济体的忧虑依然与日俱增。许多人担心，这些经济体将面临长期的低增长，甚至有可能出现持续的通货紧缩——这是自大萧条以来，在日本之外的主要经济体中所从未见过的一幕。 7.许多经济学家依然颇具信心地认为，美国将避免日本式停滞，这主要是因为美国的政治 制度具有更强的反应性，美国人对于资本主义的创造性破坏具有更大的容忍度。日本领导人先是不愿承认问题的严重性，尔后又花费巨资，修建旨在创造就业的公共工程项目，进而推迟了痛苦但必不可少的结构调整，经济学家说。 8.“美国不是日本，”斯坦福大学经济学教授罗伯特·霍尔（Robert E. Hall）说。“美国 的盘算依然是，我们总能找到促使人们再次支出和投资的办法。” 9.然而，随着减少联邦支出和预算赤字的政治压力日益增强，其他经济学家正在发出警告： 美国需慎防“日本化（Japanification）”——消费者拒绝消费、公司抑制投资，银行坐拥巨额资金，进而导致需求崩溃，驱使经济坠入通缩陷阱，最终演变为一个自我强化的恶性循环：随着物价不断下跌，以及就业机会的消失，消费者进一步收紧了钱袋，公司削减开支，并推迟扩张计划。 10.“美国、英国、西班牙和爱尔兰都在经历日本大约10年前所经历的一幕，”野村证券首 席经济学家辜朝明（RichardKoo）说道。他最近撰写了一本书，谈论日本给予世界各国
商务英语第二 王关富 课文翻译Chapter
商务英语第二版王关富课文翻译-Chapter8
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财富：如何改变苹果乔布斯的十年 北京时间11月5日《财富》文章指出,专横但又极富才华的乔布斯是如何改变苹果的呢? 这是一段扣人心弦的创业故事:年轻的乔布斯在上个世纪八十年代一手创立了苹果,九十年代回归,在随后的十年里,他在鬼门关前转了两圈,也曾陷入违反证券法的丑闻,但是他领导苹果开发的一系列产品一直到今天还很畅销,他经常作出的一些令人不愉快的行为成为四个不同行业的主流个性,数次荣登亿万富豪榜,长期担任硅谷最有价值公司的掌门人. 这听起来是不是有点象天方夜谭? 也许吧.但是这却是史蒂夫乔布斯的真实经历,他对他接触到的任何事物都产生了巨大的影响. 商业界过去的十年是属于乔布斯的.就在一年之前,任何关于他的生平介绍的文章似乎都带着一丝告别的意味. 但是时至今日,乔布斯又回来了. 他经常签的“再多一件事(one more thing)”放在他自己的身上也同样合适.经过上半年长达6个月的病休之后,他又精神抖擞地出现在3.4万苹果员工的面前.他在离开的期间接受了肝脏移植手术. 在乔布斯年轻的时候,他的身边就聚集了一大批富有才干的追随者.现在乔布斯已经到了54岁,仅仅是简单地列出他的辉煌成就就足以解释他为什么能够当选财富杂志的“十年CEO”.仅在过去的十年里,他就从根本上改变了音乐、电影和手机等三大市场的格局.而他对最初起家的电脑行业的影响力也是有增无减. 他是一位少见的全球知名的生意人. 即便是从未看过苹果年报或者商业杂志的消费者也能滔滔不绝地谈论乔布斯的设计品位、优雅的零售店以及他不拘一格的广告创意. 他经常被比喻为演员、天生的推销员、魔法师以及专横的完美主义者.这些评价当然十分准确,同时它们也给乔布斯增添了不少的传奇色彩. 他经常与撰稿人、工业设计师和音乐家们混在一起,虽然他的着装不太正统和讲究,但是别搞错了,他可是天生的企业家.他或许不太注意对客户进行研究,但是他会非常勤奋地工作以生产出客户愿意购买的产品. 他是一个极富幻想的人,但是他也不脱离现实,他密切注意着苹果的各种运营和营销活动.他的好友、甲骨文首席执行官拉里埃利森说,乔布斯是一个不为金钱所动的人. 他的勤奋显然是处于内心对苹果的热爱,通过苹果这个媒介,他既是冷酷的裁决者,又是改变世界的执行者. 不管对于苹果还是乔布斯来说,每个季度的财报都是令人大吃一惊的.苹果在2000年时的市值大约为50亿美元,不久之后乔布斯第一次披露了苹果的数字生活方式战略,当时几乎没有评论家们能理解他的战略意图. 如今,苹果的市值达到了1700亿美元,略微超过谷歌. 当时苹果在个人电脑市场的份额大幅下滑,现金外流非常严重,公司几乎到了破产的边缘. 现在苹果手中的现金和现金等价物的总价值达到340亿美元,超过了竞争对手戴尔的总市值. Mac电脑在美国个人电脑市场上的份额达到了9％,而且还在继续增长. 苹果在9个国家开设了275家零售店,在美国MP3播放器市场占有73％的份额,自从推出iPhone之后,它又无可争议地确立了它在创新上的领袖地位. 迪斯尼在2006年斥资75亿美元收购了乔布斯创立和控制的皮克斯动画制片厂.乔布斯顺理成章地成为迪斯尼董事和大股东. 仅仅计算他所持有的苹果和迪斯尼股票的价值,他的净资产就达到了50亿美元.一些其他企业的高管也有人能够辉煌十年,但是无人能够与乔布斯相比. 乔布斯的十年实际上始于1997年,当时的乔布斯在离开了公司12年之后刚刚回归. 乔布斯重掌公司大权后的第二年,他就完成了新的领导班子的组建. 那些优秀的人才正是十年以来乔布斯智囊团的核心人物. 随后,苹果推出了乔布斯回归之后的首款Mac电脑iMac,那款具有突破性意义的产品预示着苹果将恢复健康.iMac推出之后大获成功,加上乔布斯坚决果断地大幅削减成本,为苹果今后的发展积累了充足的现金. 他改善了苹果的资产负债表,为未来的大投资做好了准备. 在一切看起来都还正处于最黑暗的时候,乔布斯就开始为苹果日后的飞跃式发展打基础.苹果在2000年9月份发布的财报未能达到预期目标,股价在随后的几个月里持续下跌,一直跌到相当于如今的7美元的水平上. 然而乔布斯到现在仍然记得苹果东山再起的关键因素. 2001年,当全球市场下滑,全球都陷入衰退的时候,苹果在那一年的1月份发布了iTunes,在3月份发布了
商务英语阅读(第二版)王关富unit7candetroitberetooledbeforeit'stoolate课后答案教学教材
Unit 7 Can Detroit Be Retooled — Before It's Too Late? Exercises 1. Answer the questions on the text: 1) what is the problem the would-be car buyers may face according to Rod Buscher, CEO of Summit Automotive Partners in Denver? The would-be buyers lack either the income or the access to credit that would allow them to drive a new car off the lot. 2) Why is GM said to have a stark and steep job to do when the President’s auto task force presented the to-do list? According to the list GM has to shrink labor costs, including retiree health-care expenses; slash debt; kill or sell low-performing brands; and reduce the number of models for sale and the number of dealers selling them. Should all the parties concerned fail to accomplish that by the deadline of June 1, GM may go into bankcruptcy. 3) How can U.S. automakers take advantage of the coming car boom? Companies that can meet consumers' needs for fuel-efficient yet stylish cars —and that have flexible manufacturing plants to turn out the hot products on demand —are likely to find huge opportunities for growth in the coming car boom. 4) What does the White House’s auto-task-force working group plan to do with Chrysler? It plans to close the deal on Chrysler's sale to Fiat. Ron Bloom, one head of the group, has taken the lead in trying to negotiate the sale of 20% (at least initially) of Chrysler to Fiat. 5) What is VEBA approach to solve GM’s problem of retiree health and pension benefits? In a VEBA, the union agrees to accept a cash payment to fund a new health-care system that trustees administer, thus taking future liabilities off the company's books. 6) Why does the UAW feel particularly aggrieved about the task force's approach? Because it has agreed to an unending series of givebacks over the past 20 years. Even before this latest crisis, the UAW’s agreement to the 2007 contract would have put Detroit's labor cost per car within a couple of hundred dollars of Toyota's and the other foreign automakers’. 7) Why are analysts so optimistic about the future car sales? Because Americans have been putting off buying cars for nearly two years and showroom traffic is increasing ,which means pent-up demand is building.The prospect of car sales is sure to be great when credit starts to loosen as history