英语中动词主动表被动的四种类型

英语中动词主动表被动的四种类型
英语中动词主动表被动的四种类型

英语中动词主动表被动的四种类型

所谓主动表被动,就是指用主动语态的形式表示被动语态的意义。适合这类用法的动词主要有以下几类:

1. feel类

以feel为代表的表示“……起来”的连系动词,如feel, look, sound, smell, taste等,尽管它们从汉语看来具有被动意味,但它们只能用

主动形式表示被动意义。如:

The water feels warm. 水摸起来很暖和。

按理说,“水”自己是不能摸的,它应该是被人摸才对,所以上面

这句话的实际意义是“这水被我们摸起来很暖和”之类的意思。但是,由于feel作为连系动词它是不及物的,根本没法用于被动语态,所以只好用主动形式表示被动意义了。

The dish smells good. 这道菜闻起来很香。

同样地,“菜”自己是不能闻的,它应该是被人闻才对,所以上面

这句话的实际意义是“这道被我们闻起来很香”之类的意思。但是,由

于smell作为连系动词它是不及物的,根本没法用于被动语态,所以只好用主动形式表示被动意义了。

为什么动词不及物就没法用于被动语态呢?因为由主动语态变为被动语态时,我们要将主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语,如果主动句的谓语是不及物动词,那么它就没有宾语,这样一样,变成被动语态就会没有主语,所以不及物动词没法用于被动语态。

2. open类

以open为代表的一类动词,如open, close, shut, lock, move等,它们既可以用作及物动词,也可以用作不及物动词;当它们用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义,此时通常与can't, won't 等连用。如:

It can't move. 它动不了。

The windows wouldn't open. 窗子打不开了。主动表被动

注意这类用法与用被动语态含义的区别。如:

The door won't shut. 这门关不上。

The door won't be shut. 这门将不用关上。

第一句用的是主动形式表示被动意义,它强调的是主语的属性,即门本身有问题,没法关上;第二句直接用了被动意义,它不强调主

语的属性,而只是客观地传达一种信息,即门是不用关上,这与门本身有没有问题无关。

3. read类

以read为代表的一类动词,如read, write, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry, handle等,它们既可以用作及物动词,也可以用作不及物动词;当它们用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义,此时通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly, properly等副词连用。如:

The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。

The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。

Cheese cuts easily. 干酪很好切。

注意这类用法与用被动语态含义的区别。如:

This car handles well. 这部车很好控制。

This car was handled well. 这部车被控制得很好。

第一句用的是主动形式表示被动意义,它强调的是主语的属性,即车子本身具备良好的控制性,很容易控制;第二句直接用了被动意义,它不强调主语的属性,而只是客观地传达一种信息,即车子被控制得很好,与车子本身的性能无关。

4. begin类

以begin为代表的一类动词,如begin, start, finish, end, fill, catch 等,当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行者时,可用主动语态表示被动意义。如:

When does the concert begin? 音乐会什么时候开始?

The play ended at ten o'clock. 戏10点钟结束。

My skirt caught on a nail. 我的裙子被钉子钩住了。

Soon the house filled with people. 很快房子就挤满了人。

初中英语被动语态讲解与练习

初中被动语态语法讲解 (一) 语态分类 英语动词有两种语态,主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如: They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用: 助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。 (二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在be的变化上,其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。不同时态的被动语态,列表如下:一般现在时:am / is / are + done 一般过去时:was / were + done 一般将来时:shall / will + be done 一般过去将来时:should / would + be done 现在进行时:am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时:was / were + being + done 现在完成时:have / has + been + done 过去完成时:had + been + done 将来完成时:shall / will + have been + done 过去将来完成时:should / would + have been + done [注]被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。 (三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态 1. 一般现在时: (1)People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. (2)The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2. 一般过去时: (1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. (2)The students didn't forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten 3. 一般将来时: (1)They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. (2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. 4. 过去将来时: (1)The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. (2) The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible. 5. 现在进行时:

英语主动表被动用法归纳.

英语主动表被动用法归纳 一、谓语动词用主动表被动的五种情形 (1)某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动,因为连系动词为不及物动词,它们没有被动语态形式: That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。 Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。 My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证实是错的。 (2)当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义: The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。 The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。 【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用,注意它与用被动语态含义不同:The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了) The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。(窗户本身没问题,只是不用关) 有时可能用主动和被动形式均可,只是强调重点稍有不同: Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。(不强调动作执行者) The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。(强调动作执行者) (3)当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义: The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。 The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。 This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切,太软了。 This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。 【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用,并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态,只是含义稍有不同(用主动形式表示主语的属性,用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作):The sentences read clearly. 这些句子读起来很清楚。(即这句子没有歧义) The sentences are read clearly. 这些句子被读得很清楚。(指读的人读得好) 另外,以上用法有时也可能用于进行时态: The vegetables are cooking. 蔬菜正在煮着。 Is the book selling well? 这书销售情况如何?

主动表被动的13种情况

主动表示被动的13种情况回顾 主动表示被动的13种情况回顾 各位同学国庆节快乐: 被动语态是英语学习中的主要语法项目,是高考每年必考项目。 要想正确地使用被动语态,就须注意哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。 在英语学习中,有许多地方按中文思维要用被动语态,但英语表达思维方式就必须用主动表被动,这对许多学生来说是一个难点,常常让他们感到不好学,不好掌握。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。在此小结如下13种主动表示被动的情况: 一、不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态常见动词是:cut, sell, read,write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。 1.This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。 2.These books sell well.这些书好卖。 3.The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。

4.Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉 在这样热的天气里放不长久。 5.The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。 二、一些连系动词的主动式+形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。 1.The apples taste good. 2.The flower smells wonderful. 3.The news proved/turned out true. 4.Cotton feels soft. 三、不定式在某些形容词之后,且与主语有动宾关系。不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,结构:主语+系动词+形容词+ 不定式;动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义: 用于此结构的常见形容词有: hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,conve nient,impossible,convenient, cheap, expensive,(便利的,方便的), 等。 1.The problem is easy to do. 2.The question is difficult to answer. 3.The box is heavy to carry.

被动语态用主动表达

被动语态用主动表达 被动语态是指在不知谁是动作执行者或没必要指出谁是动作执行者,或需要强调动作的承受者时使用,其基本形式是“系动词+过去分词”。但在现实语言运用中,会出现一些用主动形式表达被动含义的情况,现将英语中用主动语态表达被动含义的几种情况归纳如下:1. 表“需要”含义的动词,如need, want, require等作谓语时,其主语若是物时,这些动词后面可接动名词主动形式表示被动含义。如: The garden doesn't need watering, it rained last night. 这个园子不需要浇水,昨晚刚下过雨。The carpet really requires cleaning. 这块地毯确实需要清理了。 注:这种情况下,也可接不定式的被动语态表达同种含义。如: This sentence needs explaining once more.=This sentence needs to be explained once more. 这个句子需要再解释一遍。 2. 有一类动词既是及物的,又是不及物的,但如果表示主语内在的特征、性质或所处的状态而不是强调动作本身,就要用动词的主动形式表被动,这样用起来简洁,符合英美人的习惯。常见的动词有:sell, wash, write, wear, open, shut, lock, close, start, begin, read, tear, boil, burn, grow, break, change, weigh, measure等。 请看下面三个句子,体会划线部分的不同: His books sell well, so they are sold out soon. 他的书很畅销,所以很快就被卖光了。 The door won't open, so we'll ask the repairman to open it. 这门就是打不开,所以,我们将请修理工打开它。 We measured the bridge and it measures 20 metres long! 我们量了量这座桥,它(量起来)有20米长! 3. 一些表示感觉、感官的系动词,常用主动形式表示被动动作,如sound, feel, smell, taste, look等。如: I tasted the wine and it tasted wonderful! 我尝了尝这酒,味道棒极了。 4. be worth doing结构中,用动名词主动形式表示某事值得被做。如: This dictionary is expensive, but it is worth buying. 这本词典很贵,但很值得买。 5. 在be to blame, be to let, be to seek等结构中,也用主动形式表被动含义。如: Nobody is to blame for the accident. 没有人会因这个事故而受责怪。 6. 有些动词的进行时可表示被动含义(这种情况也可用被动)。如: Te new edition of Longman dictionary is printing. 朗文词典的新版本正在被印刷。 7. 动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义。 动词不定式主动形式表被动含义较复杂,一般分下面3种情况: (1)be+形容词(或有这种形容词修饰的名词)+to do,这时的形容词都表示主语所具有的特征。如:heavy, light, big, strong, nice, beautiful, easy, hard, difficult, fit, comfortable, dangerous 等。如: She is a nice person to work with. 她是一个很好共事的人。 注:①此种结构中,因为主语充当着不定式的逻辑宾语,所以不定式一定用及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语。②too+形容词+to do及形容词+enough+to do结构也适合这一类。如:

初中英语被动语态精讲

动词语态 英语的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的,用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系,英语的动词有两种语态形式,即主动语态和被动语态。 如果主语是动作的执行者,谓语动词用主动语态。如果主语是动作的对象,谓语动词用被动语态。如: They speak English.他们讲英语。 主语“他们”是“讲”这一行为的执行者,是主动句,动词用主动语态来表示; English is spoken by them.英语由他们讲。 主语“英语”是“讲”的承受者,是被动句,动词用被动语态的形式。 He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。(主动语态) The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。(被动语态) 一、被动语态的构成 1、助动词be+(及物动词的)过去分词构成动词的被动语态的形式。助动词be有人称、数和 时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。 二、主动语态变被动语态 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤: (1)将主动句的宾语变为主语: 注意:如果主动句的宾语是代词,需将其由宾格变为主格。如: Tom killed him. →He was killed by Tom. 主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时,by短语可以省略。主动语态、被动语态两种时态要保持一致。 (2)将动词改为"be+过去分词"。 They held a meeting yesterday. →A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。 (3)将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。 注意:如果原主语是代词,则应由主格变为宾格。 He sang a song. →A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项: 含有双宾语,即直接宾语(常指事物)和间接宾语(常指人)的句子,每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语,即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。 Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。 We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack. 三、各种时态的被动语态 1、一般现在时:am/is/are +过去分词 We are taught English by her.由她教我们英语。 2、一般过去时:was/were+过去分词 A present was given to me by Mary.玛丽给了我一件礼物。 3、一般将来时:will be+过去分词 The desk will be mended by him.这张桌子将由他修理。 4、现在进行时:am/is/are +being + 过去分词 The walls are being painted now.正在粉刷墙壁。 5、过去进行时:was/were +being + 过去分词

2020年高考英语主动表被动的用法考点小结

2017年高考英语主动表被动的用法考点总结 (1) 当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义: The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。 【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用,注意它与用被动语态含义不同:The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了) The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。(窗户本身没问题,只是不用关) 有时可能用主动和被动形式均可,只是强调重点稍有不同: Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。(不强调动作执行者) The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。(强调动作执行者) 当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义:The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切,太软了。This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。 【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用,并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态,只是含义稍有不同(用主动形式表示主语的属性,用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作): The

动名词主动表被动的三种类型

在某些特殊结构中,动名词可以用主动形式表示被动意义,这主要见于以下几种情况: 一、“需要”型 在need, want, require几个表示“需要”的动词后,英语习惯上用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。如: He needs encouraging. 他需要鼓励。 Your hair wants cutting. 你需要理发了。 The front gate requires mending. 前门需要修理。 从意义上看,以上三句的动名词均含有被动意味,但用的都是主动形式。不过,如果改用不定式,则要用被动式,如上面也可说成: He needs to be encouraged. 他需要鼓励。 Your hair wants to be cut. 你需要理发了。 The front gate requires to be mended. 前门需要修理。 二、“值得”型 这类词比较典型的有三个,它们是(be) worth, deserve, merit——它们后面跟的动名词习惯上要用主动式表示被动意义,不能直接使用被动式。如: The film is worth seeing twice. 这个片子值得看两遍。 None of it is worth keeping. 这东西一点儿也不值得保存。 They merit praising. 他们值得表扬 说明:从搭配上看,be worth 和merit 后只能跟动名词,不能跟不定式;而deserve 后则通常是接不定式的。如: They deserved to be congratulated. 他们值得祝贺。 She deserved to win because she was the best. 她有资格获胜,因为她是最优秀的。 只有当它后面所接动词具有被动意义时才可用动名词,且要用主动形式表示被动意义;此时若改成不定式,则要用被动形式。如: 我认为他的文章不值一读。 I don’t think his article deserves reading. =I don’t think his article deserves to be read.

英语中动词主动表被动用法归纳

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初中英语被动语态练习题

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初中英语被动语态的教案

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英语主动表被动用法总结

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初三英语被动语态知识点整理

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主动表被动的13种情况

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时,结构:主语+系动词+形容词 + 不定式;动词+宾语+形容词+不定式

。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义: 用于此结构的常见形容词 hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortabl e,convenient,impossible,convenient, cheap, expensive,(便利的,方便的), 等。 1.The problem is easy to do. 2.The question is difficult to answer. 3.The box is heavy to carry. 4.The project is impossible to complete in a year. 5.The question is difficult to answer.这 个问题很难回答。 6.The work is easy to do.这项工作很好做。 7.I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。 8.They think it difficult to finish the work in such bad weather.他们认为在这样恶劣 的天气里很难完成这项工作。 9.That makes poetry difficult to write.那 就使得诗很难写。

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