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Learning disabilities are very common. They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children. Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities.
Since about 1970，new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better.Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are causedby many different things. There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from
differences in the way the brain is organized.
You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability. There is no outward sign of the disorder. So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.
In one study，researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person，who had diedin an accident. They found two unusual things. One involved cells in the left side of the brain，which control language. These cells normally are white. In the learning-disabled person，however，these cells were gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells werenot in a line the way they should have been. The nerve cells were mixed together.
The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind，an early expert onlearning disabilities. Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally. Probably，he said，nerve cells there did not connect as they should. So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.
Other researchers did not examine brain tissue. Instead，they measured the brain’s electrical activity and made a map of the electrical signals.Frank Duffy experimented with this technique at Children’s Hospital Medical Center in Bost on. Doctor Duffy found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems. The differences appeared throughout the brain. Doctor Duffysaid his research is evidence that reading disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain，not just the left side.
1. Scientists found that the brain cells of a learning-disabled person differ from those of a normal person in .
A. structure and function
B. color and function
C. size and arrangement
D. color and arrangement
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage？
A. Learning disabilities may result from the unknown area of the brain.
B. Learning disabilities may result from damage to a wide area of the brain.
C. Learning disabilities may result from abnormal organization of brain cells.
D. Learning disabilities may result from problems in the left side of the brain.
3. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT that .
A. many factors account for learning disorder
B. a learning-disabled person shows no outward signs
C. reading disabilities are a common problem that affects 10 percent of the population
D. the brain activity of learning-disabled children is different fromthat of normal children
4. Doctor Duffy believed that .
A. he found the exact cause of learning disabilities
B. the problem of learning disabilities was not limited to the left side of the brain
C. the problem of learning disabilities resulted from the left side of the brain
D. the problem of learning disabilities did not lie in the left side of the brain
5. According to the passage we can conclude that further researches should bemade .
A. to investigate possible influences on brain development and organization
B. to study how children learn to read and write，and use numbers
C. to help learning-disabled children to develop their intelligence
D. to explore how the left side of the brain functions in language learning
答案解析：
1. 【正确答案】D
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】科学家们发现，没有学习能力的人的大脑细胞和一个正常人的大脑细胞的不同在于
A. 结构和功能
B. 颜色和功能
C. 大小排序
D. 颜色和排序
线索1：文章的第3段提到“These cells normally are white. In the learning-disabled person，however，these cells were gray.”
线索2：文章的第3段提到“The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been. The nerve c ells were mixed together.”
通过线索1和线索2的理解，我们可以判断正确答案应该是选项D.
2. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】下面哪句话是文章没有提到的？
A. 无学习能力可能是由于大脑不被人认知的部位造成的。
B. 无学习能力可能是由于大脑许多部位受到伤害造成的。
C. 无学习能力可能是由于脑细胞的不正常组织造成的。
D. 无学习能力可能是由于大脑左侧的问题。
线索1：文章的第7段提到“that reading disabilities involve dam age to a wide area of the brain，not just the left side.”表明B在原文中明确提到。
线索2：文章的第3段提到“... nerve cells were mixed together.”表明选项C在文章中出现。
线索3：文章的第5段提到“Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brai n.”表明选项D在原文中明确提到。
只有选项A在原文中没有提到。
3. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】细节排除
【解析过程】下面哪句是不正确的？
A. 许多因素导致了无学习能力。
B. 一个没有学习能力的人不会向外展示信号。
C. 无学习能力是一个常见的问题，影响全部人口的10%。
D. 没有学习能力的孩子大脑的活动和正常孩子的大脑活动不同。
线索：文章的第1段提到“They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children.”很清楚是占据了所有孩子的10%，所以选项C是错误答案。A选项在原文的第2段“...and that they are caused by many different things.”明确提到。B选项在原文第3段“There is no outward sign of the disorder.”明确提到。D选项在原文第4段“They found two unusual things...”明确提到。
4. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】达菲医生认为：
A. 他发现了无学习能力的确切原因
B. 无学习能力的问题并不仅仅限于大脑的左侧
C. 无学习能力的问题来自于大脑的左侧
D. 无学习能力的问题不位于大脑的左侧
线索：文章的最后一段提到“Doctor Duffy said his research is evidence that reading disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain，not just the left side.”表明选项B 是正确答案。选项C在文章中第4段提到了，但不是达菲说的。
5. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】根据文章，我们可以得出结论：进一步的研究将应该
A. 调查可能影响大脑发展和组织的因素
B. 去研究孩子们是如何学习读书和习字，并且使用数字
C. 帮助无学习能力的孩子发展他们的智力
D. 去探索大脑的左半部分在语言学习时发挥的功能
这篇短文所涉及的内容主要是关于无学习能力的人的大脑的发展和组织结构，所以选项A是正确答案
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阅读知识点 四大明显设题原则 一、语言简化 语言简化是命题专家设置题干与四个选项时所必须遵守的一条重要原则。一般来说，一道题的四个选项不仅长度差不多，用词水平和语法难度也都差不多。此外，答案的文字难度一般低于文章本身，这也是对考生非常有利的一点，有时候甚至还可以通过选项中的答案来帮助理解原文。这是一个普遍的原则，现举例如下： 【例1】 Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children — though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black solders during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.40. Washington’s decision to free slaves originated from his [A] moral considerations. [B] military experience. [C] financial conditions. [D] political stand. 【解析】文中最后一段的“Washington, ...observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, ...grant his slaves their freedom in his will”明确指出华盛顿给奴隶自由的原因是他们在战争中的勇敢行为，[B]“军事经历”是对其高度地概括。 二、关键词替换 关键词替换是命题专家使用频率最高的原则。命题专家设置题目以及正确选项时一般都会用同义词或者近义词替代原文某个关键词。命题者有时候还会以和原文意思相同但是遣词造句不同的方式来设计正确答案，即用不同的话把原文的某个句子复述一遍，而错误答案反而往往看上去会与原文差不多，这个时候考生需要仔细阅读加以区别。 【例2】 Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “There are some real cons traints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,” says anthropologist William 33. On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree? [A] Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation. [B] Human height is conditioned by the upright posture. [C] Americans are the tallest on average in the world. [D] Larger babies tend to become taller in
2018年同等学力英语真题及答案
2018 年同等学力英语真题及答案 一卷部分 Paper One (100 minutes) Part I Oral Communication (10 points) Section A Directions: In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A, B and C, taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer sheet. Dialogue One How about you? Wanna join us? It’s a long weekend. Tina: I’m so glad the weekend’s finally here. Lewis: Me too. Imagine! 1 c We’ve got three days in a row. Tina: So, where’re you going? Lewis:I don't have any plan yet. I’ll just play it by ear.2 A Tina: We’re going to go hiking and camping in the mountains. Lewis: That sounds exciting! Tina: 3.B Lewis: Hm, let me think about it. I’ll let you know later. Dialogue Two And I’d like the cheapest flight available. What is your destination? And when will you be returning? Travel Agent: Freedom Travel. How can I help you? Caller: Yes, I’d like to make a flight reservation for the twenty-third of this month. Travel Agent: Okay. 4 B . Caller: Well. I’m flying to Helsinki, Finland. Travel Agent: Okay. Let me check what flights are available. 5 C Caller: Uh, well, I’d like to catch a return flight on the twenty-ninth. 6A Travel Agent: Okay. Let me see. Um, that’s flight 1070 from Salt Lake City to New York, Kennedy Airport, transferring to flight 90from Kennedy to Helsinki. It’s only $980. Caller: Alright, let’s go with that. Section B Directions: In this section there is one incomplete interview which has four blanks and four choices A, B, C and D, taken from the interview. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the Answer sheet. I think the big difference is, What have you done to make this yours? how they look in the Oval Office. you don’t need so much heart.
同等学力英语备考阅读理解(含答案).
Passage 1 Proper arrangement of classroom space is important to encouraging interaction.Most of us have noticed how important physical setting is to efficiency and comfort in our work.Today's corporation hire human engineering specialists and spend a considerable amount of time and money to make sure that the physical environments of buildings are fit to the activities of their inhabitants. Similarly, college classroom space should be designed to encourage the activity of critical thinking.We are already in the twenty-first century，but step into almost any college classroom and you step back in time at least a hundred years.Desks are normally in straight rows, so students can clearly see the teacher but not all their classmates.This assumption behind such an arrangement is obvious：Everything of importance comes from the teacher. With a little imagination and effort，unless desks are fixed to the floor，the teacher can correct this situation and create space that encourages interchange among students.In small or standardized classes，chairs，desks，and tables can be arranged in a variety of ways：circles，U-shapes，or semicircles.The primary goal should be for everyone to be able to see everyone https://www.360docs.net/doc/e04862914.html,rger classes，particular those held in lecture halls，unfortunately，allow much less flexibility. Arrangement of the classroom should also make it easy to divide students into small groups for discussion or problem-solving exercises.Small classes with movable desks and tables present no problem.Even in large lecture halls，it is possible for students to turn around and form group of four to six.Breaking a class into small groups provides more opportunities for students to interact with each other，think out loud，and see how other students’ thinking processes operat e--all essential elements in developing new modes of critical thinking. In courses that regularly use a small group format，students might be asked to stay in the same small groups throughout the course.A colleague of mine allows students to move around during the first two weeks，until they find a group they are comfortable with.He then asks them to stay in the same seat，with the same group，from that time on.This not only creates a comfortable setting for interaction but helps him learn students’ names and faces. 1. According to the passage，proper arrangement of physical environment in a company _______.