2018年宁波大学244英语(二外)考研真题及详解(A卷)【圣才出品】
2018年宁波大学244英语（二外）考研真题及详解（A卷）
Part Ⅰ Cloze Test (20 points, 1 point each)
Directions: In this part you are required to read the given passages carefully, and then fill in each blank with an appropriate word given in the boxes. Each word is allowed to be used only once. You should not change the form of the word but you can capitalize the initial letter if the word is used at the beginning of the sentence. Write your choices in the Answer Sheet.
Passage One
Living in a culture that is different from your own can be both an exciting and challenging experience. You have to learn different cultural practices and try to adapt to them. Here are the top six cultural differences 1______ China and the US to help promote mutual understanding.
Chinese people do not have the same concept of privacy as Americans do. They talk about topics such as ages, income or marital status, 2______ Americans think is annoying and intrusive.
In China, elders are traditionally treated with enormous respect and dignity 3______ the young are cherished and nurtured. In America, the goal of the family is
to encourage independence, particularly that of the children. 4______ the Chinese, older Americans seldom live with their children.
Chinese people have different meanings to define friends. Just hanging out together time to time is not friendship. Friendship means lifelong friends who feel deeply obligated to give each other 5______ help might seem required. Americans always call people they meet friends, so the definition of friends is general and different. There are work friends, playing friends, school friends and drinking friends.
6______ is well known, the Chinese like to save. They are always conservative when they are planning to spend money. It is different in the USA, 7______ far fewer families are saving money for emergencies and education than their Chinese counterparts.
Chinese people value education and career more than Americans, 8______ in turn put more emphasis on good character and faith.
9______ China values the community and the US values the individual. If you achieve something in the US, it’s because you were great. While in China, if you achieve something in China it’s 10______ the team, or family, or the company is great. Everything you do gets attributed to the greater whole, while in America individual merits are celebrated.
【答案与解析】
1. between
（由前面的“difference”可推测此处填“between”，此处是说“中美两国的六大文化差
异”。）
2. which
（此处which引导非限制性定语从句。）
3. while
（句意：中国传统讲究尊老爱幼。“elders”和“the young”形成对比。）
4. Unlike
（句意：同中国不一样，在美国，老年人很少跟他们的孩子住在一起。）
5. whatever
（句意：友情意味着终身的朋友，朋友之间给予彼此需要的任何帮助都是非常有必要的。）6. As
（固定短语，as is well known众所周知。）
7. where
（此处where引导非限制性定语从句，where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，指代主句中表示地点的词语）。
8. who
（此处who引导非限制性定语从句。）
9. Basically
（句意：大体上中国人重视集体，美国人重视个体。）
10. because
（句意：在中国你获得了成就，是因为你的团队、家庭或者公司很强大。）
Passage Two
allocate businesses develop ease efforts
China’s transportation regulator issued guideli nes on Thursday to improve management of the burgeoning car-sharing industry.
The government encourages car-sharing, which allows people to rent cars for short periods of time and can help 11______ urban congestion and parking 12______, according to the guidelines 13______ by the Ministry of Transport, which are open for public comment for two weeks.
Car-sharing vehicles should register with public security bodies, pass several tests and be insured. They should not be leased to 14______ users.
Enterprises that run car-sharing 15______ should protect users’ private information and are encouraged to work with insurers to 16______ specific insurance products to protect their legal 17______ and those of their users.
18______ should be made to 19______ car-sharing vehicles in line with public demand, urban road networks and parking areas, as well as to offer 20______ parking policies, according to the guidelines.
China is home to more than 40 car-sharing firms, which own more than 40,000 cars, most of which are new energy vehicles.
【答案与解析】
11. ease
（ease urban congestion缓解城市拥挤。）
12. pressure
（ease parking pressure缓解停车压力。）
13. released
（句意：根据交通部发布的指令。）
14. unidentified
（unidentified users未进行认证的用户。）
15. businesses
（由前面的“run”可推知此处填“businesses”。）
16. develop
（句意：企业被鼓励同保险公司一起开发特定保险产品。）
17. rights
（legal rights合法权利。）
18. Efforts
（由后面的to be made可推知此处应填“efforts”。）
19. allocate
（句意：应根据公共需求、城市道路网络和停车区域分配共享车辆。）
20. preferential
（preferential parking policies优惠停车政策。）
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Section A (10 points, 1 point each)
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following
the passage. Write your choices in the Answer Sheet.
Weddings can cost a fortune and for a young couple it can create debt that can haunt newlyweds for several years, but the hottest trend in food could be just the answer to help lower the cost of the big day and 1______ a buzz with guests.
According to social media platform Pinterest, the site has seen a 30 percent 2______ in food trucks being used at weddings. The idea seems a bit out there, but when evaluating the cost and the possible variety of good eats, it makes 3______ sense.
Reports have the average cost per person of $60 or more just for a few appetizers and a catered dinner, but the cost of using a truck is just $20, a savings of $4,000 based on 100 guests. The savings isn’t the only 4______ as these meals on wheels also give guests more 5______ and likely a meal that comes out hot and juicy, not precooked and warmed hours afterwards.
Food Revolt did a terrific article on the subject and 6______ that using two or three trucks can create a menu that fits any theme, 7______ gluten free, vegetarian, tropical, or just good old fashion BBQ, though the latter isn’t best when wearing an expensive white gown.
For those cold night, hot food ideas will keep everyone warm and the 8______ going at full speed. Warm nights and guests can be served cooler dishes with the idea of keeping all the people at your big day more 9______ and for those partying late into the night, some nice greasy food is perfect when the alcohol level is a bit
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经过第一阶段的学习，要总结规律和方法以更好地继续复习，比如：适合自己的背单词方法和学习英语的时间等等。第二阶段，要进一步归纳总结各个专项题型的出题规律和解题思路。下面就谈谈具体的经验吧。 （1）阅读理解 在英语复习的过程中，阅读不和背单词一样，要贯穿始终。个人建议的阅读方法是这样的：做每一篇阅读都先看题目和选项，把重要的人名，时间，原因等等选项中涉及的问题做标记，然后再看文章，有的放矢，带着任务去阅读，会发现很多段落和题目无关，省略不读，细读跟选项有关的段落。题目做完以后，不要着急再往下做新的篇章，要把这篇文章细看一遍，不会的单词要查阅记录，更重要的事把每个出题点细读一下，揣摩出题人的意图和角度，这样这篇阅读才算完成。（2）完形填空 完形填空是大家都比较头疼的一项，我也不例外。这个题型是考察大家对词汇、语法、结构和习惯用法的理解掌握。做这一部分时，要迅速将文章浏览一遍，基本把握文章的逻辑和信息要点，要关注首尾两段，各段的首句和“关键词”。完型是考研的第一道题，答得不理想，会直接影响到后面的阅读，建议把完型放到后面做，实在时间不够可以放弃。 （3）翻译（英译汉） 考研的翻译不同于单句翻译。要先通读并理解全文，并对文章内容和风格有一个完整和全面的认识，一定不能拿来文章就翻译，看一句译
2018年考研英语二真题及答案解析
2018年考研英语二真题及答案解析 (1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of English why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to __1__ uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill __2__ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will __3__. In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students′willingness to__ 4__ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one __5__ each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.The twist Half of the pens would __6__ an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified __7__ left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would __8__.Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, __9__ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to __10__ is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for __11__ or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can __12__ new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such __13__ can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do __14__ things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to __15__ ,however.In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to __16__ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to __17__ to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the __18__ of following through on one′s curiosity ahead of time can help determine __19__ it is worth the endeavor.Thinking about long-term __20__ is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity."Hsee says.In other words,don′t read online comments. 第1题 A.resolve B.protect C.discuss D.ignore 第2题 A.refuse B.wait C.seek D.regret 第3题 A.rise https://www.360docs.net/doc/e07200198.html,st C.mislead D.hurt 第4题 A.alert