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原因和让步状语从句
一、原因状语从句
用从句来表示主句行为或事件发生的原因，这个从句就是原因状语从句。
常用引导词：because, since, as, for
1、because表示人们不知道的直接的原因或理由，着重点在从句；
通常用于回答why引出的疑问句，语气最强；
除特别强调外，该从句一般位于主句后面；
不能与so连用但是可以与so进行同义句转换。
I didn’t go aboard with her because I couldn’t afford it.我没有和她一起出国是因为费用太高。
2、as和since引导的原因状语从句多表示大家众所周知的理由，从句多位于主句之前，since译为“既然”。如：
As I didn’t know the way, I asked a policeman. 我不认识路，因而问警察。
Since traveling by air is much faster, they decided to take a plane. 既然乘飞机旅行快得多，他们就决定坐飞机。
3、for表示的理由是附加的或推断的，并非此原因，通常与主句用逗号隔开，不位于句首，如：
He must be not at home, for the telephone isn’t answered.
练习
（一）用because, as, since, for填空
1. We’ll have to go to bed early ________ we’ll start off early tomorrow.
2. ________ you know all about it, tell me please.
3. ________ all the seats were taken, I had to stand.
4. He must be at work, ________ the light in his office is still on.
5. Lily didn’t go to school ________ she was ill.
二、让步状语从句
常用引导词：although, though “尽管虽然”
1、两者通常可互换，在口语中，though较为常见。
I can look after myself, although it won’t be easy for me. 我还是可以照顾自己的，虽然这对我来说并不容易。
Although Kevin is alone, he is very happy at first. 尽管凯文独自一人（在家），但他刚开始还是挺高兴的。
He went on fighting, though he was wounded. 尽管受了伤，他还是继续战斗。
2、although/though和but不能用在同一个句子中；如：
I do not often make dinner, but I can cook. 我不经常做饭，但是我会做。
Although I do not often make dinner, I can cook. 虽然我不经常做饭，但是我会做。
3、though可用作副词，放在句尾。
It’s hard work, I enjoy it, though. 这是件艰难的工作，可是我还是喜欢它。
I’ve a bit of headache. It’s nothing much, though. 我有一点头痛，不过并不厉害。
He said he would come, he didn’t, though. 他说他要来，可是他并没有来。
4、no matter who = whoever 无论谁
no matter whom = whomever 无论谁
no matter what = whatever 无论什么
no matter which = whichever 无论哪一个
no matter whose = whosever 无论谁的
no matter when = whenever 无论什么时候
no matter where = wherever 无论哪里
no matter how = however 无论如何、无论多么
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