英语教案句子成分与结构
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星海教育2016年暑假双流校区
目标满分班名师培优精讲
第i_讲【教学标题】
英语句子成分
【教学目标】
让学生完全掌握英语句子的成分问题,使学生能够更好的理解句子结构
【教学重点】
1. 句子成分的划分
2. 句子的主要成分
3. 句子的次要成分
4. 作各个成分相应的词性
【教学难点】
1. 句子的主要成分
2. 状语的识别
3. 定语的识别
4•宾语补足语
【教学内容】
句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分:主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
A. 主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句
一句话语法:主语由名词性的词来充当•
例如:
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)
The stude nts all love their En glish teacher.
We ofte n speak En glish in class. (代词)
They go to school by bus.
On e-third of the stude nts in this class are girls. (数词)
To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式)
To see is to believe.
Smoki ng does harm to the health. (动名词)
Watch ing TV too much is bad for your eyes.
It's no use regretting it.
The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
When we are going to have an En glish test has not bee n decided. (主语从
句)
It is necessary to master a foreign Ianguage. (it 作形式主语,真正的主语
为后面的不定式)
B. 谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。注意动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语,不能作谓语。
一句话语法:谓语由动词充当。
有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没
有谓语动词.
1、可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态),行为
动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语,又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
(1 )、及物动词作谓语
We should help each other.
They respect one ano ther.
All of the stude nts like the no vel.
Did you see many people there?
(2 )、不及物动词作谓语
He left here yesterday.
You 'e driving too fast.
The teacher came in, book in hand.
He went abroad in the September of 1988.
(3)连系动词表状态
He is an excelle nt teacher.
Her son is a frie nd of ours.
Ours is a great coun try.
The box itself is not so heavy.
2、谓语的构成如下:
(1 )、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.
(2)、复合谓语:(a)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要.女口: You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. ( b)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are stude nts.
C. 表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
一句话语法:表语使用形容词,不用副词!例如:
Our teacher of En glish is an America n. (名词)
They are brother and sister.
Joh n is capta in of the team.
Is it yours?(代词)
What I want to say is this.
The poor boy was myself.
The weather has tur ned cold. (形容词)
The speech is excit ing. (分词)
Three times seve n is twenty one? (数词)
Her father is sixty-five.
His job is to teach En glish. (不定式)
All you n eed do is to take a taxi from the airport.
His hobby (爱好)is playing football.(动名词)
My favourite sport is swimmi ng.
The mach ine must be out of order. (介词短语)
注意:副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,考试不考,所以上面说:表语使用形容词,不用副词!我们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是搞语法研究,这点请大家一定要记住。例如:
Time is up. The class is over. (畐寸词)