专业英语作业

专业英语作业
专业英语作业

专外作业讲解

一、英译汉

Stuber and Zeltzer will head up Rx Laughter(笑声疗法),founded over a year ago by Sherry Hilber. He said classic films featuring Abbott& Costello, the Marx Brothers have been selected for the study. Classic television shows such as …are also on the roster.

参考译文:Stuber 和Zeltzer 将领导笑声疗法的研究,该研究一年前由Sherry Hilber所创立。他说由Abbott& Costello 主演的经典电影《Marx Brothers》已被选作研究对象,象….

等经典电视节目也被列入研究范围。

二、英译汉

Aspirin(阿司匹林), the century-old drug that is used to treat headaches and prevent heart attacks and stroke(中风),may also help to fight prostate cancer(前列腺癌),scientist said on Tuesday . It was launched more than 100 years ago as a painkiller, blocked(阻止)the action of the enzyme(酶). But people should not rush to take aspirin to fight prostate cancer. Because the research is the first piece in a large jigsaw(七巧板,智力拼图玩具) puzzle.

参考译文:科学家们在周二说:“阿司匹林,一种用于治疗头疼、预防心脏病和中风的古老药物,同样也有助于治疗前列腺癌”。早在100年前作为止痛药上市的这种药物,有效的阻止了

酶的活动。但是人们不应当急于用阿司匹林来治疗前列腺癌,因为这项研究就像七巧板智力游戏中拼出的第一块一样,才刚刚开始。

三、汉译英

精加工的谷物(refined grain)和粗加工的谷物(whole grain products)相比,前者导致血糖(sugar in the blood)增加一倍以上,并会导致更多的胰岛素(insulin)分泌(secrete)。另外,粗加工的谷物含有降低此中疾病的风险的维生素(vitamin)和营养物(nutrient)。

参考译文:Refined grains result in more than double the amount of sugar in the blood and cause more insulin to be secreted than whole grain products. What’s more(另外), whole grains contain vitamins and nutrients that may be important in modifying the risk of the disease.

四、英译汉

Hydrodynamic lubrication(流体动力润滑) means that the load-carrying surfaces of the bearing are separated by a relatively thick film of lubricant(相当厚的润滑剂油膜), so as to prevent metal-to-metal contact, and that the stability thus obtained can be explained by the laws of fluid mechanics. Hydrodynamic lubrication does not depend upon

the introduction of the lubricant under pressure, though it may be;

does require the existence of an adequate supply at all times. The film

pressure is created by the moving surface itself pulling the lubricant into a wedge-shaped zone(楔形区)at a velocity sufficiently high to create the pressure necessary to separate the surfaces against the load on the bearing. Hydrodynamic lubrication is also called full-film, or fluid lubrication.

流体动力润滑是指轴承的承载面被一个相对较厚的润滑的油膜分隔,这样来阻碍金属于金属之间的直接接触,由此获得的稳定性可以通过流体力学来解释,流体动力的润滑并不依赖于压力润滑剂的加入,尽管它可能是这样,但是它确定要求足够的供给,油膜的压力是由相对运动的表面有相当高的速度将润滑剂拉成一个契形区而产生的。为了将轴承的两个承载表面隔开,必经的压力来分离表面,防止轴承上的载荷,流体的动力的润滑也称为全膜润滑或液体的润滑。Hydrostatic lubrication is obtained by introducing the lubricant, which is sometimes air or water, into the load-bearing area at a pressure high enough to separate the surfaces with a relatively thick film of lubricant. So, unlike hydrodynamic lubrication,motion of one surface relative to another is not required.

流体静力润滑是通过加入润滑剂后得到的,这种润滑剂有时是气体或水,以足够的高压进入泵以分离有相对较厚的润滑剂表面。所以不象流体动力润滑一个表面相对另一个表面的运动是不需要的。

Elastohydrodynamic lubrication is the phenomenon that occurs when a lubricant is introduced between surfaces which are in rolling contact, such as mating gears or rolling bearings. The mathematical

explanation requires the Hertzian theory of contact stress(赫兹接触应力理论)and fluid mechanics.

弹性流体动力润滑是当润滑剂被引入相互滚动的接触表面时所发生的一种现象,比如相互啮合的齿轮和滚动轴承其数学解释需要赫兹接触应力理论和流体力学。

五、汉译英

尽管Entin 认为研究结果是积极的,但是他仍疑惑饲养猫或狗的人在降低血压方面究竟能够获益多大:“这是一个现实的问题,宠物在缓解紧张心情方面究竟效果如何。当然,也许无人会推崇利用饲养宠物来控制血压。我认为对此有必要作更多的研究。”

参考译文:While Entin viewed the study’s findings as positive, he wondered how beneficial owning a cat or dog really was in reducing owners’blood pressure:”That’s the real question, how effective pets can be in reducing stress. Certainly no one would probably advocate using a pet as a way of controlling blood pressure.

I think more research in needed.”

六、英译汉P121

Although it is not the purpose here to discuss the various heat treatment methods and their effect on properties of materials so treated,the designer should be aware of possible problems arising from the use of heat treated materials.

虽然这里讨论各种各样的热处理方法,以及它们对热处理材料属性的影响并不是目的,但是设计师应该了解热处理材料的使用可能会导致的问题。

Gears are often through –hardened(淬透)by water or oil quenching in order to increase their resistance to wear. If a low degree of hardness is satisfactory, through-hardening is probably the most desirable heat treatment process to be used because of its inexpensiveness(成本较低).

为了增加齿轮的抗磨性能,齿轮通常以水淬或油淬进行淬透,来提高其抗磨性。如果底硬度能满足要求,淬透有可能是最理想的一种热处理方法,因为它成本低。

Case hardening is used for gears that require a hard surface and for which good accuracy is not necessary. The case hardening process results in gears that have much harder surfaces than cores. The advantage of case hardening is that, while the surface becomes hard and wear resistant, the toughness associated with the core remains.

表面淬硬是用于表面要求较高而精度要求不高的齿轮,表面淬火热处理工艺使得齿轮表面硬度比内部硬的多。表面淬火的优点在于,尽管齿轮表面变硬并且抗磨,但是与内部有关的韧性仍保持不变。

Carburizing(渗碳), cyaniding(氰化处理), nitriding(渗氮), and induction hardening(高频淬火) are some of the process commonly used to produce the case hardening effect. If great accuracy is required,

the gear must be ground. For problems in which corrosion resistant surfaces are desirable, nitriding is the process most often used. However, nitriding is a relatively expensive process and is used only if other processes do not product satisfactory results. Flame hardening(火焰淬火)and induction hardening (高频淬火)are the methods usually used to harden larger gears.

渗碳氰化处理渗氮以及高频淬火是一些常见的用于产生表面淬火效应的热处理方法,如果精度要求高,齿轮就必须经过磨削。对于想要得到的抗腐蚀表面的问题,渗碳是最常用的热处理工艺。然而渗碳是一个相对成本较高的热处理工艺。只有当其他的热处理工艺无法产生满意的效果时才使用。火焰淬火和高频淬火是用于淬硬较大齿轮的方法。

数学专业英语课后答案

2.1 数学、方程与比例 (1)数学来源于人类的社会实践,包括工农业的劳动,商业、军事和科学技术研究等活动。 Mathematics comes from man’s social practice, for example, industrial and agricultural production, commercial activities, military operations and scientific and technological researches. (2)如果没有运用数学,任何一个科学技术分支都不可能正常地发展。 No modern scientific and technological branches could be regularly developed without the application of mathematics. (3)符号在数学中起着非常重要的作用,它常用于表示概念和命题。Notations are a special and powerful tool of mathematics and are used to express conceptions and propositions very often. (4)17 世纪之前,人们局限于初等数学,即几何、三角和代数,那时只考虑常数。 Before 17th century, man confined himself to the elementary mathematics, i. e. , geometry, trigonometry and algebra, in which only the constants were considered. (5)方程与算数的等式不同在于它含有可以参加运算的未知量。 Equation is different from arithmetic identity in that it contains unknown quantity which can join operations. (6)方程又称为条件等式,因为其中的未知量通常只允许取某些特定的值。Equipment is called an equation of condition in that it is true only for certain values of unknown quantities in it. (7)方程很有用,可以用它来解决许多实际应用问题。 Equations are of very great use. We can use equations in many mathematical problems. (8)解方程时要进行一系列移项和同解变形,最后求出它的根,即未知量的值。To solve the equation means to move and change the terms about without making the equation untrue, until the root of the equation is obtained, which is the value of unknown term. 2.2 几何与三角 (1)许多专家都认为数学是学习其他科学技术的必备基础和先决条件。 Many experts recognize that mathematics is the necessary foundation and prerequisite of studying other science technology. (2)西方国家的专家认为几何起源于巴比伦和埃及人的土地测量技术,其实中国古代的数学家对几何做了许多出色的研究。 The western experts think that geometry had its origin in the measurements by the Babylonians and Egyptians of their lands. Infect, the ancient Chinese mathematicians made much remarkable study for geometry. (3)几何的学习使学生在思考问题时更周密和审慎,他们将不会盲目接受任何结论。 In studying geometry, the student is taught to think clearly and critically and he is led away from the practice of blind acceptance of any conclusions. (4)数学培养学生的分析问题的能力,使他们能应用毅力、创造性和逻辑推理来解决问题。

专业英语大作业

专业英语大作业 一:英译汉 翻译范围TCP/IP Illustrated, V olume 1: The Protocols 5.1~5.5 15.1~15.2 第5章RARP:逆地址解析协议 5.1简介 5.2 RARP报文格式 5.3 RARP示例 5.4 RARP服务的设计 5.5小结 练习 5.1简介 一个拥有本地磁盘的系统通常是从磁盘文件读取配置文件中获取其IP地址。但一个没有磁盘的系统,如X终端或无盘工作站,需要一些其它方式去获得其IP地址。 每个系统在网络上都有一个唯一的硬件地址,由网络接口的制造商分配。 RARP的原则是无盘系统从接口卡上读取其独特的硬件地址,并发送RARP请求(网络上的广播帧)要求别人对无盘系统的IP地址(使用RARP回应)进行应答。 虽然这个概念很简单,执行往往比ARP更难,在本章后面会描述其原因。 RARP的正式规范是RFC 903。 5.2 RARP报文格式 RARP报文的格式几乎与ARP报文是相同的(图4.3)。唯一的区别是,RARP 的请求或应答帧类型为0×8035,并且在操作层RARP请求值为3、RARP应答值为4。 图4-3 ARP在网络上请求与应答报文的格式 与ARP一样,RARP服务器请求是广播和RARP应答通常是单播。 5.3 RARP示例 在我们的网络,我们可以强制sun主机从网络引导,而不是它的本地磁盘。 如果我们在主机bsdi上运行RARP服务器和tcpdump,我们得到如图5.1所示的输出。我们使用-e参数去标记tcpdump的打印硬件地址:

图5.1 RARP请求和应答。 该RARP请求是广播(1号线)的,第2行的RARP应答是单播的。第2行的输出,“at sun”,意味着RARP应答包含了主机sun(140.252.13.33)的IP地址。 在第3行,我们看到,一旦sun接收其IP地址,它会发出一个TFTP读请求(RRQ)的文件8CFCOD21.SUN4C。(TFTP是简单文件传输协议,我们在第15章进行详细描述)。在文件名中的8个十六进制数字是sun主机的IP地址140.252.13.33的十六进制表示形式。这是在RARP应答中返回的IP地址。该文件名的其余部分,后缀SUN4C表示系统正在引导的类型。 Tcpdump表示第3行是一个长度为65的IP数据报,而不是一个UDP数据报(实际上它确实是),因为我们运行tcpdump命令使用-e参数,看硬件级别的地址。另一点,在图5.1要注意的是在第2行的以太网帧的长度似乎比最小较短(我们所说的是在4.5节60字节)。原因是我们的系统,该系统上运行的tcpdump 发送该以太网帧(BSDI)。该应用程序rarpd,写42字节到BSD分组过滤器装置(14字节的以太网报头和28字节的RARP应答),这是什么的tcpdump收到的副本。但以太网设备驱动程序垫这个短帧的最小尺寸为传输(60 )。如果我们在另一个系统上已经运行的tcpdump ,长度会是60。 我们可以看到在这个例子,当这种无盘系统接收在RARP应答它的IP地址,它会发出一个TFTP请求来读取一个引导映像。在这一点上,我们不会进入其他详细介绍无盘系统是如何引导自己。(第16章介绍了使用RARP ,BOOTP和TFTP无盘X终端的引导顺序。) 图5.2表示出了如果有在网络上没有RARP服务器所得到的数据包。每个数据包的目的地址为以太网的广播地址。以太网地址跟随的是目标硬件地址,并按照发送端的硬件地址发送。

全国农业推广硕士专业英语作业题

全国农业推广硕士专业英语作业题 Part One Vocabulary and Structure Fill in the balnks with words or expressions chosen from the following list. Change the form where necessary. speculate specify commitment despite desirable access contribution adolescent banish inhabitant identify frustration impact sanction impressive hit upon switch correspond to obligation various 1、The U.N would impose economic against the offending nations or government. 2、The boys and girls are fond of behaving differently from seniors. 3、I a satisfactory explanation. 4、Man on the origin of the universe since the beginning og the human history. 5、You can from your mind the idea of holding a party during

the examination week. 6、The company that we would have one subject to another. 7、The American Congree the British Parliament. 8、We are trying to find some people who have a real sense of to the job. 9、the sandstorm, the Johnsons drove to the xilla to celebrate their 25th anniversary of marriage. 10、You are under no to pay for goods which you did not order. 11、Men still hold the vast majority of the least- or modt-dangerous jobs, such as loggers and miners. 12、He doesn’t expect to see changes overnight. 13、Students must have to good books.

专业英语作业—15

Reading Material 15 阅读材料15 Chemical Industry and Environmental Protection 化学工业与环境保护 How can we reduce the amount of waste that is produced? And how we close the loop by redirecting spent materials and products into programs of recycling? All of these questions must be answered through careful research in the coming years as we strive to keep civilization in balance with nature. 我们怎么样才能够减少化学工业产生的污染物的排放,怎么才能够使材料的产品更好地循环利用,为了自然生态的平衡,所有这些问题都是下来我们必须通过认真的研究和探索来解决的问题。 1. Life Cycle Analysis 1.生命循环的分析 Every stage of a product’s life cycle has an environmental impact, starting extraction of raw materials, continuing through processing, manufacturing, and transportation, and concluding with consumption and disposal or recovery. Technology and chemical science are challenged at every stage. Redesigning products and processes to minimize environmental impact requires a new philosophy of production and a different level of understanding of chemical transformations. Environment friendly products require novel materials that are reusable, recyclable, or biodegradable; properties of the materials are determined by the chemical composition and structure. To minimize waste and polluting by-products, new kinds of chemical process schemes will have to be developed. Improved chemical separation techniques are needed to enhance efficiency and remove residual pollutants, which in turn will require new chemical treatment methods in order to render them harmless. Pollutants such as radioactive elements and toxic heavy metals that cannot be readily converted into harmless materials will need to be immobilized in inert materials so that can be safely stored. Finally, the leftover pollution of an earlier, less environmentally aware era demands improved chemical and biological remediation techniques. 每一个时代的产品的循环利用对环境都有着重大的影响,力争选用天然的材料,继续通过加工,制造,运输,总结与消费和处置或回收。生化科学技术在每一个领域都是充满着挑战的,为使产品对环境的影响降至而重新设计产品或工艺过程,而要一种环保的产品的全新理念和对生化降解作用更高水平的理解。一种环保的产品应该是由一种全新的材料做成的,并且这种新型的材料是可以重新回收利用的,或可以被生物降解的。材料的这一特性是由其化学的组分和分子结构所决定的,为了将产品所带来的污染和废弃物降至最低,我们必须找到更新的化学工艺方法,提高化学分离技术对分离污染是必须的,有效的。这本身就是需要更新,更好的化学处理方法来保证。像这类并不能转变为无害的污染,如放射源污染和重金属污染。我们必须使他们固定储存在金属盒子里面。这样,他们才是安全的。最后,更早,无意识时所造成的残佘物污染,就需要生化技术来补救解决了。 2. Manufacturing with Minimal Environmental Impact 2.对环境影响最小的生产制造 Discharge of waste chemicals to the air, water, or ground not only has a direct environmental impact, but also constitutes a potential waste resources. Early efforts to lessen

专业英语部分习题答案参考.doc

b-毗喘pyridine 巴比妥酸:barbituric acid 比电导conductance 不规则的:irregular 崩解剂disintegrant C--萃取extraction 成团:ogglomerotion 测量仪measurement 肠液:intestinol fluid d-胆固醇cholestero 对映体:enontiomer 电极electrode 代谢:metobolism f-反相渗透reverse osmosis 分布:disposition g-构象:conformotion 固化:solidize 卜-甲苯toluene 静脉注:introvenous injection 挤压:compress 聚集:aggregate 胶囊capsule I一粒子:particle 立体选择性:stereoselectivity 利用率:availability 灭菌产品sterile products n—粘合剂odhesive P—偏振光:polarized light 片剂tablet 酉己剂elixir 排泄:excretion q一起女台原料starting materials(raw materials) q 醛aldehyde 「一溶解度:solubility 乳剂emulsion 润滑剂lubricant s-释放:release 渗液solution 生物膜:biologic membrane 生物碱okoloid, t…糖浆syrup 甜味剂sweetener w-丸剂pill 微生物microorganism 胃液:gastric fluid 稳定态:steady-state x-?旋光异构现象:optical isomerism 悬浮液suspension 香味剂flavor 稀释剂diluent 形状:shape 吸收absorption 消除:elimination y-胰岛素insulin 压片:tablet compression z-中间体intermediote 重结晶recrystallization 左旋:levorotation 蒸徭distillation 组织tissue a-asymmetric carb on 不对称碳absorption 吸收action 动作odhesive 粘合剂c-contamination 污染chirality:手性compress 压缩composite 合成的compressibility:可压缩性compaction:压紧contaminotion specialize 特殊污染conductivity 电导率control控制clinical:临床的 d- design:设计dry:干燥delivery:传送 e-巳xtgnd:延长epoxide:环氧化物 f- formulation:$ij 剂fluidity:流动性function:功能 g- geometric isomerism:几何异构 h- hormone 激素hydrolysis diastereoisomer:水解非对映异构体 heterogeneous catalyst 多相催化剂, i- irrigating 冲洗 m- metabolite代谢物medication药物治疗medicine内服药mill:研磨measure 尺寸mix:混合microorganisms 微生物 o- ophthalmic 眼药 p- polysaccharide 多糖peptide 肽plosmo 血浆penicillin 青霉素, precursor:前体partition coefficient:狭义分配系数pharmaceutical 制药的 parenteral 注射药物pycogens 热源procedure:程序 q- quality 性质quantity 数量 s- steroid 笛类steric effect:空间效应stereoselectivity:^体选择性 screening:过筛sustain :维持

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