2019届上海高三英语一模汇编：概要写作

2019届高三英语一模汇编——概要写作

1、2019黄浦一模

Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Sport Tourism

Tourism is the world’s largest industry and is predicted to grow well into the years to come. Increasingly, the economic importance of tourism has been recognized by governments around the world. At the same time, the tourism industry has become more complicated in its development and marketing new forms of tourism. One of the fastest growing parts of the tourism industry is travel related to sport and physical activity. A recent survey found that while the traditional beach and sight-seeing vacations continue to predominate, 22% of those surveyed reported that opportunities to participate in sports were important when selecting a vacation.

The term sport tourism has been adopted in recent years to describe sport-related leisure travel. It is generally recognized that there are three broad categories of sport tourism. The first category, watching sporting events or Sports Event Tourism includes hallmark events such as FIFA World Cup Football Championships, and the Olympic games. Tournament sponsored by the Professional Golf Association or the World Tennis Association are also part of the spectator-centered sector of sport tourism.

The second type of sport tourism, celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism involves visiting famous sports-related attractions. Visits of the sports halls of fame fall into this category. Another form of celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism that has emerged in recent years is meeting famous sports personalities. The cruise industry has been experienced in this area. Sports theme cruise such as “the NBA basketball cruise” arrange for passengers to meet personalities from sports while on board.

Active participation is the third category of sports tourism. This is composed of individuals who travel to participate in golf, skiing, and tennis in particular, although other sports such as fishing, and scuba diving are popular in the US.

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

答案：The tourism industry is developing fast/prosperously with different forms, among which sport tourism grows fastest. Sport tourism is defined as travel related to sport/physical activities and consists of/includes three main categories. The first is watching sporting events/games. The second includes visiting famous sports-related attractions/places and meeting well-known/famous sports people/personalities. And the third is active participation. (52words)

难度：中等

All Must Have Degrees

In a classroom in Seoul a group of teenagers sit over their desks in total silence. Study begins at eight in the morning and ends at half past four in the afternoon. And some even go back home at midnight. Like thousands of South Koreans, they are preparing for the important exam, which will largely determine whether they go to a good university or not. Degrees have become useful. Seventy percent of students who graduate from the country’s secondary schools now go straight to universities.

Many more countries have seen a big rise in the share of young people with degrees, but South Korea is an extreme case. As technological reforms require workers to do many difficult and demanding jobs that they would not have done before, there seems to be reasonable to insist that more workers receive a good education than before. And a degree is an obvious way for bright youngsters from poor families to prove their abilities. People tend to earn more if they have degrees.

Employers do not have to pay for higher education and they are increasingly able to demand degrees to screen out the least motivated or capable. A recent study by Joseph Fuller and Manjari Raman of Harvard Business School shows that companies routinely require applicants to have degrees, even though only a minority of those already working in the role have them.

The Economist’s analysis found that between 1970 and 2015, the proportion of 256 workers aged 25-64 with at least a bachelor’s degree increased. Some of them are highly intellectually demanding jobs, such as aviation engineers. Others are non-graduate jobs such as waiting tables. Sixteen percent of waiters now have degrees, because probably in most cases they could not find jobs and live poorly. Today, having a degree is usually an entry requirement.

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

答答答

中文要点提炼：（6个中写出3个，其中2个略有展开）

在韩国学位尤其显得重要，原因如下：

1.技术变革对工人要求很高；雇主对学位有要求；拥有学位成了入门级的要求；

2.学位是出身贫困家庭年轻人证明自身能力的一个途径。

3.有学位的人挣得也更多,没有学位生活很艰难。

In South Korea, the young study hard to get degrees for three reasons. Firstly, The rapidly changing technology is challenging, so employers care more about the education of workers. Having a degree is a must. Secondly, with degrees, the youngsters from poor families can demonstrate their abilities. Lastly, people can earn more money. Without degrees, their life will be difficult. (60 words)

难度：中等

What started as a race to space between the United States and Russia has turned out to be a technological revolution that has greatly improved the quality of daily life throughout the world. Scientists at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have invented new technology to make space flights doable. The same technology, when applied on Earth, has produced thousands of products in the areas of health and sports that have significant impacts on our lives.

Many of these improvements are in the fields of health and medicine. NASA-inspired technology fueled the great advances in the early detection of deadly diseases. For instance, computer chips designed for the Hubble telescope are used in digital imaging devices that help medical professionals detect cancer at very early stages. Eye doctors can now diagnose vision problems in very young children by using ocular screening. Ultrasound scanners, portable x-ray devices, and bone analyzers are among the medical devices developed with the help of space technology.

Fogless ski goggles and special sportswear are among the hundreds of items of sports equipment inspired by NASA technology. Space technology has been applied to sports too. The running shoes that athletes use today have midsoles that act like shock absorbers and keep the runners steady while in motion. These shoes utilize the technology NASA used to design the moon boot. In golf, athletes use a new ball that employs NASA research on how to make the flight of the ball from the tee to the green faster and more accurate. In swimming, athletes can swim faster because of NASA-developed riblets in the fabric of their swimsuits.

Almost all aspects of daily life continue to improve because NASA scientists are still at work. Transportation, methods of preparing food, and work environments are other ways in which NASA technology has made significant changes.

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

答案：

The technologies innovated to meet the demand of space flights are also employed in people’s daily life. For instance, in health, some technology is adopted to detect early cancer, or diagnose eye diseases. In sports, some technology is applied to manufacture sports shoes to keep athletes running steadily, or to make swimsuits for athletes to swim faster.

难度：中等

When we wake up feeling sleepy and with dark circles under eyes, many of us often think: “I’m going to go to bed earlier tomorrow!” But however determined we are, chances are that we don’t stick to our promise. This behavior is called “bedtime procrastination（拖延症）”.

According to a study carried out by a group of health psychologists at Utrecht University in the Netherlands in 2014, bedtime procrastination is a common problem. In their study, 53 percent of the 2,400 participants said they didn’t follow their sleep schedule, delaying it at least twice a week.

It’s found that they delayed bedtime not because they liked to stay up late, but they couldn’t stop doing other unimportant things, which were keeping them up in the first place.

“People who generally have trouble resisting temptations and sticking to their intentions are also more likely to delay going to bed.” Floor Kroese, a psychologist at Utrecht University, further explained to HuffPost.

Yet, according to scientists, lack of self-control is not the only thing to blame. Our body clock also plays an important role when it comes to bedtime. In order to check the influence of the body clock on sleep, psychologists at Ulm University in Germany studied the sleep patterns of 108 people in February. It was found that those who get up late are more likely to postpone their bedtime than those who wake early every morning.

“The intention to go to bed earlier is not enough,” Jana Kuhnel, a psychologist at Ulm University, concluded in Popular Science. “Biological processes need to support this intention.”

People always think that bedtime procrastination isn’t a big problem, but as Kroese told Popular Science, “the choices we make that affect our sleep could turn out to be pretty important for our health.”

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

答答答

Two studies carried out separately in Netherlands and Germany find that lack of self-control and the influence of body clock on sleep are to blame for ‘bedtime procrastination’, the behavior of delaying going to bed. Psychologists reached the conclusion by following participants’ sleep schedule and studying sleep patterns. They warn that bedtime procrastination is potentially bad for health. (58)

难度：中等

5、2019崇明一模

Take Care of Your Spine (脊柱)

The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves that sends electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain. Therefore, it’s important to take care of it.

Maintaining your good posture is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural curves. Posture comes into play even when you’re asleep. Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. Having a comfortable bed is also very important as sleeping in a position that isn’t comfortable can leave your back feeling sore the next day.

Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine. Staying still for too long—even if your posture is good—can be hard on your back. Especially if you work at a desk most of the day, it’s important to get up and stretch periodically. Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better positions. Strength exercises with light weights or bodyweight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine. However, don’t overdo the exercise, as repeated motions can hurt the muscles around your spine.

Your diet also affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, B vitamins help keep nerves healthy, so you may want to consider taking a supplement (补充物). Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones, but it’s also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside.

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

答答答

Central to health, your spine needs your good care. First, keep a good posture, including standing or sitting straight and sleeping on your side in a comfortable bed. Second, avoid keeping a same posture for long and take proper exercise to relax and strengthen spine muscles. Third, have a diet with enough vitamins for healthy bones and nerves. (58 words)

6、2019长宁嘉定一模

Take care of your spine (脊柱)

T he spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves conveying electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain. Since your spine is so central to your health, it’s important to look after it.

Maintaining good posture (姿势) is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural curves. Posture comes into play even when you’re asleep. Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. Staying still for too long—even if your posture is good—can be hard on your back. Especially if you work at a desk most of the day, it’s important to get up and stretch periodically.

Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine. Stretch can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better arrangement. Strength exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine. However, don’t overdo the exercise, as repeated motions can stain the muscles around your spine.

Finally, your diet affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids help keep nerves healthy, so you may want to consider taking a supplement. Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones. Vitamin D can come from some foods, but it’s also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside.

Many of the actions necessary to keep your spine healthy are identical to those used to preserve your health in other ways. So protect our back, and the rest of body will benefit.

_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

答答答

How can you look after your spine to enjoy good health? First, avoid poor posture and long-term motionlessness whether you’re standing, sitting or lying. Second, do some stretching and strengthening exercise. Finally, keep a diet rich in vitamins supplemented with some extra ones if necessary and outdoor back exercise.(49)

How can you keep your spine healthy to enjoy a better life? First, avoid poor posture and long-time motionlessness when standing, sitting or sleeping. Second, do some stretching and strengthening exercises but avoid overtraining. Finally, have a multi-vitamin diet for healthy bones and nerves with vitamin supplements if necessary and exposure to the sun. (54)

难度：中等

7、2019松江一模

The drug store was closing for the night and Alfred Higgins was about to go home when his new boss approached him.

“Empty your pockets please, Alfred,” Sam Carr demanded in a firm voice.

Alfred pretended to be shocked but he knew he’d been caught. From his coat he withdrew a make-up kit, a lipstick and two tubes of toothpaste.

“I’m disappointed in you, Alfred!” said the little gray-haired man.

“Sorry, Sir. Please forgive me. I’ve never done such a thing before.” Alfred lied, hoping to gain the old man’s sympathy.

Mr Carr’s brow furrowed (皱眉) as he reached for the phone, “Do you take me for a fool? Let’s see what the police have to say. But first I’ll call your mother and let her know her son is heading to jail.”

“Do whatever you want,” Alfred shot back, trying to sound big. But deep down he felt like a child. He imagined his mother rushing in, eyes burning with anger, maybe in tears. Yet he wanted her to come quickly before Mr. Carr called the police.

Mr. Carr was surprised when Mrs Higgins finally arrived. She was very calm, quiet and friendly. “Is Alfred in trouble?” she asked.

“He’s been stealing from the store,” the old man coolly replied.

Mrs. Higgins put out her hand and touched Mr. Carr’s arm with great gentleness as if she knew just how he felt. She spoke as if she did not want to cause him any more trouble. “What do you want to do, Mr. Carr?”

The woman’s calm and gentle manner disarmed the once-angry store-owner. “I was going to get a cop. But I don’t want to be cruel. Tell your son not to come back here again, and I’ll let it go.” Then he warmly shook Mrs. Higgins’s hand.

Mrs. Higgins thanked the old man for his kindness, then mother and son left. They walked along the street in silence. When they arrived home his mother simply said, “Go to bed, you fool.”

In his bedroom, Alfred heard his mother in the kitchen. He felt no shame, only pride in his mother’s actions. “She was smooth!” he thought. He went to the kitchen to tell her how great she was, but was shocked by what he saw.

His mother’s face looked frightened, broken. Not the cool, bright face he saw earlier. Her lips moved nervously. She looked very old. There were tears in her eyes.

This picture of his mother made him want to cry. He felt his youth ending. He saw all the troubles he brought her and the deep lines of worry in her grey face. He seemed to have never really seen his mother like that.

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

答答答

The story is about a boy maturing overnight. A drug store owner found something stolen by Alfred and called his mother. Surprisingly, the mother took this calmly and the boss decided to let this go. At home, he was about to show his pride in the mother’s calmness when he saw a deeply-worried mother, which greatly shocked him. (58 words)

Have you ever been involved in an animal rescue? This is what happened to Winter the dolphin. Winter was found off the coast of Florida in December of 2005. She was just a few months old, alone, and caught in a crab trap. The ropes from the trap were wrapped tightly around her body.

The fisherman who found her called for help, and a rescue team soon arrived. The ropes had cut off the blood circulation to her tail. She was badly hurt. Her rescuers didn't think she would survive. Hoping for a miracle and racing against time to save her, the rescuers transferred her to the Clearwater Marine Aquarium in Florida.

The doctors managed to save Winter, but sadly, not her tail. Her tail flukes were too damaged and had to be removed so Winter could live.

The little dolphin Winter survived against all odds, but she would never be able to swim normally without a tail. Thankfully the story doesn't end here. Winter was able to swim, but not very well. Because she didn't have a tail, she moved her body in a side-to-side motion like a shark. But the doctors at the aquarium were worried that the unconventional movement would hurt her spine.

Kevin Carroll heard Winter's story and thought he could help. He is a specialist who designs and provides prostheses (义肢) for people. If he could help people, why not help a dolphin? He started working with Winter and came up with a solution for a new fluke and tail section.

Kevin designed a stretchy sleeve to fit Winter's body and protect her skin. Then a tail made of silicone and plastic was made to tightly fit over the sleeve. Now Winter can swim like other dolphins. And, she is a great inspiration to people who struggle with their own injuries.

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

答答答

It is about an inspiring rescuing a dolphin Winter found trapped in ropes by a fisherman. Badly injured, she had to be transferred to an aquarium where doctors saved her but her damaged tail was removed. Luckily, a specialist Kevin designed an artificial tail for her, helping her swim normally again.(51words)

难度：中等

A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet. More species of insects exist than all other animal species together. Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survive for millions more. Insects can be found almost everywhere -- on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing in the trees, and run and dance in the air. They come in many different colours and various shapes.

There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place where they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide range of natural and artificial foods -- paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton, other insects, plants and animals. Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces.

Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day.

Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective colour. An insect may be right before our eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised（伪装）like a green leaf, lump of brown soil, gray lichen (青苔), a seed or some other natural object. Some insects use bright, bold colours to send warning signals that they taste bad, sting or are poison. Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them.

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

答答答

Large varieties of insects successfully survive almost anywhere for several reasons. First, their adaptive capacities enable them to survive in extreme temperatures and environments. They can live on various foods and hide in tiny places. Second, insects excel at reproduction. Last, insects use protective colors to disguise or give warnings so that they successfully fool their enemies.

难度：中等

As is known to all, many things can be measured in terms of data. Sometimes data can indeed tell the truth. With the help of data we can easily know the price of a can of Coke in the supermarket or the result of a football match or the temperature of a certain day. Obviously, data can make our life easier and more comfortable.What is more important, data seem to be fairer than words or statements. If the data are true, we don’t have to worry about being cheated. Nowadays, as lies exist in the world, data are expected to tell the truth. Therefore, many of us would rather believe data.

On the other hand, if we judge things only by data from the so-called specific research, aren’t we a little too narrow-minded? Many people often treat the so-called specific data unwisely just to make sure that they are making the right decisions. But sometimes we may find that data aren’t everything.For example, how can you tell that somebody isn’t a good student just because he or she doesn’t get high marks in the final examination?

There are many things in our life which cannot be measured by data. For example, the degree of your feeling happy in your life, the depth of love between you and your friends, and the faith you have in your country. We can only feel them in our hearts but can never express them in data.

There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event. But data should be dealt with wisely. We often get wrong data which mislead us. We should try our best to be wise thinkers.Remember, data have no feeling but we humans have. Data do not mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false.

Data are data after all. Life is much more colorful than the pale data. So give the cold data a warm heart and we’ll find that the world is far more wonderful than the pale data can describe.

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

答答答

People believe data because it make our life easier and comfortable and because data seems to be fair. However, it’s unwise to rely too much on data. Firstly, sometimes data only tells half the truth. Secondly, not everything can be valued by data. Lastly, wrong data may prevent us from making a good judgment.

难度：中等

Online Pharmacy (药店): A Foreseeable Trend

Online pharmacies may replace corner drugstores in the future, which would be of benefit to all of us. Sadly, current Federal Drug Administration (FDA) restrictions prevent many Americans from gaining access to the medicines they require online. Fortunately, online pharmacies offer these drugs and provide patients with more treatment options at lower prices. Those calling for the restrictions are wrong. Online pharmacies are crucial to numerous people.

While some drugs sold online aren’t FDA-approved, customers shouldn’t be prevented from buying them. Many of the herbal remedy (草药) online pharmacies offer have been used for hundreds of years, especially in Asian countries, and they have strong safety records. Other medicines may come from foreign countries, but they aren’t harming the people who use them in their own countries. Take depression pills as an example. It has been used safely for many years in France and other European countries, yet it’s just now being tested in the U.S.

Nowadays, just getting in to see a doctor seems to take forever, not to mention the time and money to get tests done and await the results. Thanks to the Internet, customers now know more about available medicines than ever before and are therefore able to take them without having to consult a doctor. The Internet, after all, is filled with information about all kinds of drugs. Much of it has even been written by doctors and pharmaceutical companies themselves.

Another issue to consider is money. Health care costs in America are rising every year, and pharmaceutical companies are making billions. Online pharmacies typically sell their drugs at lower prices than hospital pharmacies and corner drugstores. Consumers shouldn’t be blamed for seeking cheaper alternatives and refusing to line the pockets of already wealthy companies and stores.

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

答答答

Despite the current FDA restrictions, online pharmacies are important. They shouldn’t be banned because medicines are tested safe in real life or other countries. People have better access to online medical information to treat themselves, saving the trouble of seeing a doctor. They t urn to online pharmacies because of the lower prices. （52 words）

难度：中等

So, when you picked up a few things in a supermarket, a guy ran his cart over your toe with no apology. By the time when a fellow motorist had cut you off in traffic, with a rude hand gesture or two, wasn't it a relief to get to the office?

The answer is a definite yes. It is found that most American people today think public rudeness is on the rise, and most see that as a “major problem.” Moreover, it's getting worse. Last year, people reported encountering an average of 6.2 instances per week of evil behavior. This year, the number had shot up to 10.6.

The exception, it seems, is the workplace. More than 90% of us see companies offices as what is immune (免疫的) to social bad manners. Workplaces are gettig more civil in many people’s eyes. The reported cases of office incivility this year declined to 0.29%—markedly lower than cases of running into rudeness online (39%), or while driving (also39%).

Of course, less-than-polite driving or letting loose with an online conduct code is, after all, unlikely to cost anyone his next raise or promotion. However, being on one's best behavior in any professional field is generally a common-sense career awareness for anyone seeking job development.

But there’s more to it. Trends in how companies operate seem to have the welcome effect of encouraging coworkers to play nice. CEOs, and managers at all levels, are now keen on cooperation. They are trying to build a ‘Best Places to Work’ culture, to attract the best available talents. This emphasis on co-working atmosphere really requires civil interactions between people.

Nonetheless, a significant number of employees believe there’s more to be done. Asked what changes they’d like to see, 62% hope that “civility training will be continued”, looking for bigger progress in the workplace manners.

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

答答答

Workplace is more polite than other public places in today’s America. People complain about the ever-worsening problem of public incivility. In contrast, the workplace is almost rudeness-free. Good workplace manners are partly out of self-interest for professional prospects. Companies’ focus on teamwork culture is also a reason. However, room for manner improvement in workplaces still exists according to many workers.

13、2019青浦一模

To Friend or Unfriend?

Social networking makes it very easy to have friends — lots and lots of friends. Hundreds of millions of people have joined QQ, Wechat, and other sites so that they can communicate with friends online. However, the meaning of the word “friend” seems changed. In the past, a friend was someone you had a close personal relationship with. Now, anyone in the world can be your friend online! Some people have thousands of cyber friends, but what do you do if you don’t want to have so many friends?

Easy! You can dump an unwanted friend with just one click of your mouse. In recent years, it has become so common to get rid of friends in this way that there is a new word to describe it — to “unfriend”. The New Oxford American Dictionary named it word of the Year in 2009 and defined it like this: “to remove someone as a ‘friend’ from a social networking site”. But why would you want to do such a thing as unfriending someone?

The most common reason for unfriending someone is to eliminate annoying people from your social life. For example, some friends post messages much too frequently, especially those messages found to be extremely boring. They endlessly post status updates which say something like “I’m cooking dinner” or “I’m doing homework”. Another reason for unfriending someone is disagreement about world issues. A third reason is to get rid of people who write dirty things on social websites.

Although dumping friends is not just an Internet phenomenon, far more online friendships end suddenly than off-line ones. Even in this computer age, it remains true that many people prefer spending time together face-to face. After all, that's what friends are for!

_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

答答答

With social networking, people make more friends online easily, but it's also easy to remove someone from the website.(1') Posting dull messages ,holding different views on world issues and writing dirty words may account for getting rid of a 'friend' from a social networking.(3') Online friendship doesn't last because people still like face-to face communication as real friends.(1')

难度：中等

14、2019虹口一模

Curiosity Is an Increasingly Rare Virtue

Most of the breakthrough discoveries and remarkable inventions throughout history, from flints(打火石) for starting a fire to self-driving cars, have something in common: They are the result of curiosity. But the journalist Ian Leslie, in his newly-published book Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends on It, insists that curiosity is a much overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and we are losing it.

Leslie presents considerable evidence for the claim that the society as a whole is growing less curious. In the U.S. and Europe, for example, the rise of the Internet, among other social and technological changes, has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the reader’s borders. Indeed, Google, for which Leslie expresses admiration, is also his frequent whipping boy (替罪羊): we seek only the information we want. But not everything is to be blamed on technology. The decline in interest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie.

Why is this a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship (企业家精神). Worse still, that lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate for later on.

Fortunately, some strategies can be employed to develop curiosity: If you just accept the world as it is without trying to dig deeper, you will certainly lose the ‘holy curiosity’. Of course, one effective way to dig deeper beneath the surface is asking questions: What is that? Why is it made that way? Who invented it? How does it work? ...And if you see learning as a burden, there’s no way you will want to dig deeper into anything. That will just make the burden heavier. But if you think of learning as something fun, you will naturally want to dig deeper.

_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

答答答

Although curiosity is essential to human’s success, it’s gradually neglected / increasingly rare now. Both the rise of the Internet and reduced appetite for literary fiction contribute to people’s declining curiosity. What’s worse, lacking curiosity costs people innovation, entrepreneurship and even knowledge. Therefore, we should keep asking questions to dig deeper and not see it as a burden. (55 words)