初二英语下册语法点

初二英语下册语法点
初二英语下册语法点

初二下册必须掌握的10大语法点

一. 询问某人的健康问题及遭到麻烦的表达方法

1. 询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时,常用以下几种结构来表达:What’s the matter (with sb.)?(某人)怎么了?

What’s wrong (with sb.)?(某人)怎么了?

What’s the trouble with sb? 某人出什么事了?

What happened to sb? 某人发生了什么事?

Are you OK? 你没事吧?

Is there anything wrong with sb.?某人有不舒服/麻烦吗?

2. 要表达身体疼痛或不舒服,可用以下结构:

①某人+have/has+病症

The twins have colds.双胞胎感冒了。

②某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.

She had a stomachache last night. 她昨晚肚子痛。

③某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位

He has a sore throat. 他喉咙痛。

④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词

He hurt his leg. 他的腿受伤了。

⑤某部位+hurt(s).

My head hurts badly. 我头痛得厉害。

⑥某人+have/has+a pain+in one’s+身体部位

I have a pain in my chest. 我胸口痛。

⑦(There is) something wrong with one’s+身体部位

There is something wrong with my right eye. 我的右眼有毛病。

⑧其他表达方式

She has a heart trouble. 她有心脏病。

He got hit on the head. 他头部受到了撞击。

She cut her finger. 她割破手指了。

二. 情态动词should的用法

1. should为情态动词,意为“应该;应当”,否定式为shouldn’t,其后接动词原形,无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。You should drink more water. 你应该多喝水。

He should put his head back. 他应该把头后仰。

We should try our best to help him. 我们应当尽力去帮助他。

You shouldn‘t watch TV. 你不应该看电视。

2. should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句,表示征询意见。

Should I put some medicine on it? 我应当给它敷上药吗?

Should we tell her about it? 我们应该告诉她这件事吗?

3. 在英语中,表示建议的说法有很多,而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有:

①Would you like (to do) sth?你想要/愿意(做)某事吗?

Would you like to play basketball with me? 你想要和我一起打篮球吗?

②Shall I/we do sth? 我/我们做某事好吗?

Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? 明天我们去动物园,好吗?

③Why not do sth? 为什么不......呢?

Why not join us?为什么不加入到我们当中来呢?

④How/What about doing sth? 做某事怎么样?

How about going swimming? 去游泳怎么样?

⑤Let’s do sth. 让我们做......吧。

Let’s go home. 咱们回家吧。

⑥You’d better (not) do sth 你最好(不)要做某事。

You’d better not go there alone. 你最好不要一个人去那儿。

三. 反身代词

英语中共有八个反身代词,在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别和数上保持一致。

反身代词的用法

1. 可用作宾语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。

如:Maria bought herself a scarf.

We must look after ourselves very well.

2. 可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。

如:She isn’t quite herself today.

3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气。

如:She herself will fly to London tomorrow.

I met the writer himself last week.

4. 用在某些固定短语当中。

如:look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己

teach oneself sth./learn sth. by oneself 自学

enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,过得愉快

help oneself to sth 请自用……(随便吃/喝些……)

hurt oneself 弄伤自己

say to oneself 自言自语

leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下

【注意】反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的同位语,起强调作用。如:我自己能完成作业。

(误)Myself can finish my homework.

(正)I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.

四. 一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或状态,或将来经常发生的动作或状态。

一般将来时的基本结构

1. will+动词原形

否定式:will not=won't

一般疑问式:will/shall+主语+动词原形+其他?

特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?

—Will he help you with your English tonight? 今天晚上他会帮助你学习英语吗?

—Yes, he will./No, he won't. 是的,他会。/不,他不会。—When will you arrive for America? 你什么时候去美国?—Tomorrow. 明天。

2. am/is/are going to +动词原形

否定式:am/is/are not going to +动词原形

一般疑问式:am/is/are +主语+ going to + 动词原形+其他?

特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?

Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。Is he going to collect any data for us? 他会帮我们收集数据吗?What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你打算作什么?

3. will+动词原形与am/is/are going to +动词原形的用法区别

will+动词原形与am/is/are going to +动词原形的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况,一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的。

will主要用于在以下三个方面:

(1)表示主观意愿的将来。

They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去厂参观工厂。

(2)表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来。

He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。

(3)表示临时决定,通常用于对话中。

—Mary has been ill for a week. 玛丽病了一周了。

—Oh, I didn't know. I will go and see her. 噢,我不知道。我去看看她。be going to主要用于以下两个方面:

(1)表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。

Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。

(2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生,表示推测。

Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧!乌云密集。天要下雨了。

五. 动词不定式(to do)的用法

1. 作主语

为避免句子的头重脚轻,常用it作为形式主语,而真正的主语动词不定式后置。常用句型:It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.

2. 作宾语

动词want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare常接动词不定式作宾语。

3. 作(后置)定语

常用于“have/has+sth.+to do”或“It?s time to do sth.”等结构中。

4. 作宾语补足语

tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。

【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to:“一感(feel),二听(listen to, hear),三让(let, make, have,四看(look at, see, watch, notice),半帮助(help)”。

5. 动词不定式作状语

主要用来修饰动词,表示目的,结果或原因。为了强调目的,有时可以把动词不定式放在句首,或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “为了,目的是”。

六. Could you please...?句型

1. 请求别人时通常用此句型,也可以说Can you...please?情态动词could或can 在这里均表示请求,在意思上无区别,但是用could在于其显得更委婉、客气、诚恳。在日常生活中常使用could you/I...?若在句末加上please,则显得更礼貌。Could you help me find my book, please?你能帮我找到我的书吗?

2. 对could you/I...?的问句作出肯定回答,常用“sure/certainly/of course”等;如果作否定回答,常用“sorry或oh, please don’t”。一般不用no开头,用no 显得语气生硬、不礼貌。

3. 表示请求的其他句式

Would you like to do...?

Would you mind doing...?

Let’s do....

Please do...(祈使句前加please)

七. 过去进行时

1. 基本概念:过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外, 一般用时间状语来表示。常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。

We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.

昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。

It was raining when they left the station.

他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。

2. 基本结构was / were ( not ) + 动词-ing

3. 一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较

一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态, 而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。

David wrote a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。(信写完了。)

David was writing a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。(信不一定写完。)

八. 状语从句

1. unless引导条件状语从句

unless = if...not... 除非,若不

They will go tomorrow unless it rains.

= They will go tomorrow if it doesn’t rains.

2. as soon as引导时间状语从句,意为“一...就...”。

He will come and see you as soon as he can.

3. so...that...引导结果状语从句

句型1:主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句

The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. 句型2:so +形容词+

a/an + 单数名词+ that从句

It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.

句型3. so + many/ few + 复数名词+ that从句

He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.

句型4:so +much/ little + 不可数名词+ that 从句

I had so little money that I couldn’t buy a pen.

九. 形容词/副词的比较等级

形容词和副词有三个比较等级,即原级(也就是原形)、比较级(表示“较……”或“更……”的意思,用于两者之间比较)和最高级(表示“最……”的意思,用于三者或三者以上的比较)。

1. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的规则变化

(1)单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est。

①单音节单词

small→smaller→smallest

short→shorter→shortest

tall→taller→tallest

great→greater→greatest

②少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词

clever→cleverer→cleverest

narrow→narrower→narrowest

(2)以不发音e结尾的单音节单词,比较级在原形后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st。large→larger→largest

nice→nicer→nicest

able→abler→ablest

(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)单词中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。

big→bigger→biggest

hot→hotter→hottest

fat→fatter→fattest

(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。

easy→easier→easiest

heavy→heavier→heaviest

busy→busier→busiest

happy→happier→happiest

(5)其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most。beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful

different→more different→most different

easily→more easily→most easily

2. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的不规则变化

good→better→best

well→better→best

bad→worse→worst

ill→worse→worst

old→older/elder→oldest/eldest

many/much→more→most

little→less→least

far →further/farther→furthest/farthest

3. 原级常用句型

(1)A is as+原级+ as+ B 表示A与B一样...

eg. He is as tall as me.

(2)A is not as/so +原级+ as B 表示A不如B...

eg. He is not as tall as me.

(3)只能修饰原级的词,very,quite,so,too,so,enough,pretty等。eg. He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。

4. 比较级常用句型

(1)当句中有than时则用比较级。

eg. He is fatter than me.

(2)“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级,A or B?”

eg. Which is bigger,the earth or the moon?哪一个更大,地球还是月球?

(3)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越...”。

eg. The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。

English is more and more important. 英语越来越重要了。

(4)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越...,越...”。

eg. The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you’ll make.

(5)可以修饰比较级的词:much,a lot,far,a little,a bit,even,still等。eg. Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two. 第一课比第二课容易得多。

5. 最高级常用句型

1.“主语+be+the+形容词最高级(+单数名词)+in/of...”表示“……是……中最……的”。

Tom is the tallest in his class/of all the students. 汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。

2.“主语+实意动词+(the)+副词最高级+in/of...”表示“……是……中最……的”。

I jump (the) farthest in my class. 我是我们班跳得最远的。

3.“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of...”表示“……是……中最……之一”。

Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 北京是中国最大城市之一。

4.“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级,甲,乙,or丙?”用于三者或三者以上的比较。Which country is the largest,China,Brazil or Canada?哪个国家最大,中国,巴西还是加拿大?

5.“特殊疑问词+助动词+主语(+the)+副词最高级+甲,乙,or丙?”用于三者或三者以上的比较。

Which season do you like (the) best,spring,summer or autumn?你最喜欢哪一个季节,春天,夏天还是秋天?

注意:副词最高级用在句中时,其前可以加the,也可以不加;但形容词最高级用在句中时,其前一般都要加the。

十. 现在完成时

(一)现在完成时基本结构

①肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词

②否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词

③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词

④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词)

(二)现在完成时用法

1. 现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在,强调的是现在。

I have already posted the photo.

我已经邮寄出了照片。

与此种用法连用的时间状语时一些模糊的过去时间状语,如already(肯定句), yet (否定句/疑问句), just, before, recently,still, lately,never等。

2. 现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻,持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去。

He has lived here since 1978.

自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)

此种用法常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用。

谓语动词必须是延续性动词。

有些瞬间动词可变为延续动词:

go out----be out

finish----be over

open----be open

die----be dead

buy---have

fall ill---be ill

come back----be back catch a cold----have a cold

八年级下册英语语法知识点

1、Smell的用法smell作系动词后面跟形容词作表语例子:The milk in the a bit sour.瓶里的牛奶闻起来有点酸 2、What引导感叹句句型:what[a/an]+形容词+名词/名词性短语+主语+谓语 3、you like....?Would like意为想要可以直接跟宾语Would you like....?意为:你想要.....吗?回答为yes.../no... 例子:Would you like some noodles? 4、Try的用法作名词意为:努力,尝试。常用短语have a try:试试看try还可以做动词意为:尝试,努力。常用结构:try doing sth(尽力去做某事)/try to do sth(尝试去做某事) 5、Hear from sb的用法意为:收到某人的来信相当于get/receive a letter form sb. 注意:hear from的宾语是人,而get与receive的宾语是事物 6、Can’t wait to do sth.的用法Can’t wait to do sth意为:迫不及待做某事列子:Summer holiday is coming.Children can’t wait to go back home. 暑假快到了,孩子们都迫不及待地回家了。 7、With 具有;带有(1)with作介词,意为:具有;带有列子:I dream of a big house with a nice garden 我梦想拥有一个带花园的大房子(2)with+宾语+宾语补足语表示方式或伴随情况。宾语补足语由形容词、分词或介词短语来充当。列子:He left the room with the door open 他没关门就离开了房间。 8、Spend的用法(1) spend time /money on sth.在……上花费时间(金钱). 例子:I spent two hours on this maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时.(2) spend time /money (in) doing sth.花费时间(金钱)做某事. 例子:They spent two years (in) building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间.(3)spend money for sth.花钱买…….(某物) 例子:His money was spent for books.他的钱用来买书了. 9、Be proud of..... 意为为...而感到骄傲无论什么情况都不用主格,因为是做介词of 的宾语,只能用宾格。如果主语和of后的词指代的是同一个人,就可以用反身代词,如:I'm proud of myself. You are proud of yourself. He is proud of himself. 如果主语和of 后的词指代的不是同一个人,不可用反身代词。如:I'm proud of you. You are proud of him. 感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel look smell sound taste。作为系动词这些词本身含有词义,但不能单独作为谓语,后面必须跟形容词构成表系结构,说明主语的状况、性质、特征等 10、What do/does sb.look like的用法What do/does sb.look like? 某人长什么样? 常用来形容外貌拓展:what is/are sb. Like?的用法what is/are sb. Like?意为某人怎么样?常用来形容性格 11、Close的用法close意为靠近;接近(1)close可作为副词列子:We sat close together.我们紧挨着坐在一起(2)close作形容词表示空间、时间上的接近相当于never。句型;be close to 意为:离....很近(3)close可作为动词意为:关闭反义词:open 12、While的用法while意为:当....的时候(1)while作连词引导时间状语从句,强调句中的动作与主句中的动作同时发生,但持续时间较长或主句的动作在从句的动作过程中发生。(2)while还可以用来表示对比,连接两个并列句子,对比某两件事物。 13、When的用法when引导的时间状语从句when意为:当(在)......的时候既可以连接一个时间点,又可以连接一个时间段。When引导的从句中的谓语多用终止性(瞬间)动词,主从句的动作可以同时发生也可以有先后顺序发生。列子:When I got back, I found my mother cooking for me. 当我回家时,我发现妈妈正在为我做饭。

初二英语语法学习归纳

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8、He saw Dick in and take a book away. A.came B.coming C.come 9、Does Jack want a writer? A.be B.is C.to be 10、The boss had them from morning to night. A.worked B.working C.work 11、It's time home. A.to go B.went C.going 12、Tom is kind. He would like you. A.to help B.help C.helped 13、Don't forget your books to school. A.bring B.to bring C.brought 14、I don't know . A.where does he live B.what is he doing C.where he lives D.what he is dring it

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narrow→narrower→narrowest (2)以不发音e结尾的单音节单词,比较级在原形后加-r,最高级在 原级后加-st。 large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest (3)以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)单词中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。 big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest (4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。 easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest

busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest (5)其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most。 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most easily (6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。 good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

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2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如: You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服?你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如: We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与Which...? 1. what 与which 都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物。但是what仅用来询问职业。如: What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的? 该句相当于:What does your father do? What is your father's job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如: Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特? ---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。 2. What...?是泛指?所指的事物没有范围的限制,而Which...?是特指,所指的事物有范围的限制。如: What color do you like best? 所有颜色 你最喜爱什么颜色? Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? 有特定的范围 你最喜爱哪一种颜色? 3. what 与which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如: Which pictures are from China?

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初中英语语法综合练习题 一、单项选 1、The boy likes————questions. A.ask B.answer C.to ask 2、We'll try ————there on time. A.to get B.getting C.got 3、They hoped ————their mother soon. A.to see B.saw C.seeing 4、I'm glad ————you again. A.meet B.met C.to meet 5、He often helps me————my bike. A.mending B.to mend C.to mended 6、I heard Alice————in the next door. A.sings B.sang C.sing 7、The work is easy. Let him——-- it by himself. A.do B.to do C.doing 8、He saw Dick ————in and take a book away. A.came https://www.360docs.net/doc/e43565040.html,ing https://www.360docs.net/doc/e43565040.html,e 9、Does Jack want————a writer? A.be B.is C.to be 10、The boss had them ——from morning to night.

A.worked B.working C.Work 11、It's time————home. A.to go B.went C.going 12、Tom is kind. He would like————you. A.to help B.help C.helped 13、Don't forget ————your books to school. A.bring B.to bring C.brought 14、I don't know ————. A.where does he live B.what is he doing C.where he lives D.what he is dring it 15、Ask him how much ————. A.did it cost B.cost it C.it costed D.it costs 16、I wonder————used for. A.what was this room B.which was this room C.what this room was D.that this room was 17、I really don't know ————. A.where he was born B.where he is born C.where was he born D.where is he born 18、We have no iden——-—— A.how worried was he B.how worried he was

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