2018西城一模试题及参考答案

2018西城一模试题及参考答案
2018西城一模试题及参考答案

2018年4月

12.图6为2018年入选《国家宝藏》的两件青铜器——商代皿天全方罍和西周大克鼎,它们分别是皿氏一族为祭祀父辈先人、大贵族克为祭祀祖父而铸造。以上文物信息反映出

A. 中国先民敬重宗室血脉之情

B. 商周时期“家国一体”的特色

C. 先秦时期礼乐等级制度盛行

D. 分封制下周王与诸侯的关系

13.文学折射时代。下列相关说法正确的是

A.《诗经》收录了宗庙祭祀的歌词,是浪漫主义的代表作

B.《离骚》抒发了作者忧国忧民之情,具有现实主义风格

C. 汉赋和唐诗是国家统一、经济繁荣在思想文化上的体现

D. 宋词、元曲和明清小说均为满足市民阶层文化生活而作

14.图7为唐宋时期政府钱币与实物收入数量统计图。

据此推断,这一时期经济发展的主要趋向是

A.官营手工业渐衰落

B.经济重心逐步南移

C.商品经济较快发展

A.对人物的评价受制于特定历史条件

B.同时代人因有直观感受评价更加准确

C.后人因掌握丰富资料评价较为全面

D.外国人因文化背景不同评价更为客观

16.明末清初,以黄宗羲、顾炎武、王夫之为代表的实学兴起,追求匡时济世、通经致用。晚清实学以曾国藩为代表,主张在固守圣人之道的前提下,学习西方技术,建立近代工业。这反映了实学

A. 强调人与人的关系和等级,是社会变革的产物

B. 迎合统治者用思想统一来巩固政治统一的需求

C. 融合佛、道思想解释儒家义理,形成了新儒学

D. 摈弃“空谈”,强调“经世致用”,并与时俱进

17.图8漫画题目是“在中国商店里的日本人”。图中日本人已将“赔款二亿两”收入囊中,正在抢夺清朝官员手里“贸易的钥匙”。下列条款体现此意图的是

A.开放沙市、重庆、杭州、苏州为通埠

B.允许日本在中国通商口岸投资设厂

C.割让台湾及其附属岛屿、澎湖列岛

D.日本产品运销中国内地免收内地税

18.国际风云变幻万千,中华人民共和国依靠一根“定海神针”,成功地处理了和社会主义国家、民族独立国家、西方发达国家等的关系。被喻为“神针”的是

A.“一边倒”政策

B.和平共处五项原则

C.不结盟政策

D.“一国两制”构想图

8

19.历史上许多学者对于“人是什么”“人的本质是什么”等哲学问题提出了自己的回答。下列主张按出现时间先后排序正确的是

①“人是万物的尺度”②“有思想力的人是万物的尺度”

③“人是自由的动物”④“人是一件多么了不起的杰作”

A. ①②④③

B. ①③②④

C. ③①②④

D. ③④②①

20.西罗马帝国灭亡后,12世纪时罗马法出现于意大利和欧洲中部一些自治市的法典中,以解决自身的法律缺陷,罗马法的程序规则被整理并引入法庭中。这些现象出现源于罗马法

A.是成文法,有利于按律判决和量刑 B. 发展过程始终伴随罗马国家的兴衰

C.保护私有财产和奴隶主的既得利益 D.体系完备、程序严谨有一定普适性

21.图9为18世纪初国际贸易状况示意图。

对其解读准确的是

①欧洲同世界各地有直接的商业联系

②欧洲完成工业革命主要出口工业品

③通过丝银贸易,大量白银流入中国

④玉米等作物通过不同路径传入亚洲

A.①②③

B.①②④

C.①③④

D.②③④

22.马克思和恩格斯针对不同时期的特点和不同国情,为《共产党宣言》在各国的出版撰写了七篇序言,强调这些原理的实际运用要以当时的历史条件为转移。以下史实符合此理念的是

①甘地倡导“非暴力不合作”反抗英国殖民统治

②列宁实施新经济政策取代“战时共产主义政策”

③孙中山将“三民主义”发展为“新三民主义”

④毛泽东探索出“农村包围城市”的革命道路

A.①②

B.②③

C.②④

D.③④

23.下表为某国《20世纪20-40年代工业总产值中生产资料和消费资料所占比例表》(单位%)。它反映的史

A.日本——明治维新中推行殖产兴业

B.苏联——国家工业化迅速推进

C.德国——采用第二次工业革命成果

D.美国——罗斯福新政取得成效

37.(36分)国家治理?民族觉醒?国际合作

材料一甘肃省放马滩出土了七幅战国时期的秦国地图,反映出统一的图例和基本的比例。其中,邽县行政区图是已知最早的行政图。湖南省马王堆汉墓出土的《长沙国南部地形图》,描绘了长沙国南部的地理和政区状况。图中山脉坐落、山体轮廓和走向均用闭合曲线中填绘细平行线表示,是最早的科学的地貌表示方法。

1708—1718年,由康熙帝主持、来华传教士与清朝官员协作,采用西方三角测量法对清朝全境进行了大规模的经纬度测量,其范围南到海南岛,东北达黑龙江及朝鲜,东南到台湾,西至西藏和新疆,在此基础上绘制出完整的国家疆域政区地图——《皇舆全览图》。

(1)①依据材料一并结合所学知识,概述从战国至西汉地方行政制度的演变。(6分)

②分析康熙时期能够绘制出完整的国家疆域政区地图的条件。(6分)

材料二近代学者梁漱溟认为,受西方影响,19世纪90年代至20世纪30年代的中国民族自救运动分为两个阶段,其区分在第一次世界大战。此前目的在于建立一个“近代国家”;此后掉转头来打倒“帝国主义”。此外,中国的民族自救运动呈现明显被动的特点。

——摘编自罗志田《西方的分裂: 国际风云与五四前后中国思想的演变》(2)你如何看待梁漱溟关于中国民族自救运动的观点?运用中外历史发展进程中的重要史实加以论述。(12分)

要求:观点明确,史实充分,史论结合,逻辑清晰。

材料三20世纪中后期世界经济发展大事示意图

图14

注:石油输出国组织包括沙特阿拉伯、尼日利亚、委内瑞拉等成员国,可可生产者联盟包括加纳、尼日利亚、巴西等主要可可生产国,这些组织的宗旨均是协调和统一成员国的相关政策,维护各自和共同的利益。(3)①依据材料三并结合所学知识,简要评述二战后世界经济发展的趋势。(8分)

②概述发展中国家顺应此趋势的举措。(4分)

40.历史问题现实思考,现实问题历史借鉴。

(1)上述近代工业的创办与晚清哪些重大事件相关?(2分)依据表中相关资料,概括这些企业的特点。(6

分)

41.文明因交流而多彩,文明因互鉴而丰富。

中世纪时,欧洲书籍以手抄为主,文化教育长期被教会所垄断。中国的活字印刷术经伊朗传至欧洲,15世纪中期,德国的谷腾堡受此影响制造出印刷机。读书行为从上层社会扩展到下层百姓。路德的德语《新约》,两年中印行了14版。启蒙运动是以一系列资产阶级著作的传播为标志的,如法国伏尔泰的《牛顿哲学原理》、孟德斯鸠的《论法的精神》、卢梭的《民约论》等。

(2)依据材料,简述印刷术的传播对欧洲出版业及文化传播的影响。(8分)

参考答案

12.A 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.D 17.B 18.B 19.A 20.D 21.C 22.C 23.B

37.(36分)

(1)①演变:战国时期,分封制逐渐瓦解,一些诸侯国在新兼并地区设郡、县;(2分)秦统一后,将郡县制推广到全国,建构起完善的政区体系;(2分)西汉实行郡国并行制度。(2分)

②条件:政治方面,平定“三藩之乱”、收复台湾、平定噶尔丹之乱、抗击沙俄国入侵;(4分)

技术方面,在中国古代先进制图技术的基础上,吸收近代西方技术。(2分)

(2)评分标准:论点明确、合理2分,论据充分,论述合理8分,论证逻辑2分

能够明确表述以一战为界,分为两个阶段,两个阶段结合具体史实进行论述,分析前后两阶段所受影响因素和各自的特色(斗争目标和手段);中国民族自救运动是否是被动地受西方影响;论据充分。

(3)①趋势:集团化出现并发展;经济全球化趋势加快。(4分)

评价:世界经济向体系化、制度化、规范化方向发展,推动世界经济发展,优化资源配置;对发展中国家和世界环境带来巨大挑战。(4分)

②举措:发展中国家进行改革,适应市场经济的要求和全球化的趋势;加强团结合作,组成或加入相

关经济集团;努力建立国际经济新秩序。(答出2点给4分)

40.(1)事件:洋务运动;清末新政。(2分)

特点:采用工业革命的成果;开矿—冶铁—运输一体;煤钢联营;维护经济主权;包括官办和“官督商办”。(6分)

41.(2)出版业:发明机械印刷;书籍得以大量印刷。(4分)

文化传播:读者范围扩大;打破教会对文化的垄断,普及文化;传播先进思想。(4分)

2018北京西城区高三一模英语试题及答案

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