2019年临沂市中考英语试卷(解析版)

2019年临沂市中考英语试卷（解析版）

第I卷(选择题)

一、听力测试

注意：听力测试分四部分，共20小题。做题时，请先将打案画在试卷上。录音内容结束后，将所选答案转涂到答题卡上。

(一) 听句子，选择与句子内容相对应的图片。每个句子读两遍。

A B C

D

1.___________

2. __________

3. _________

4. _________

5. ________

(二) 听对话和问题，根据所听内容，选择最佳答案。对话和问题都读两遍。

6. A. To do business. B. To visit her friends. C. To study medicine.

7. A. Sally's. B. Alan's. C. Danny's.

8. A. Some chicken. B. Some sandwiches. C. Some fish.

9. A. He will go to the park. B. He will prepare for a party. C. He will take an exam.

10. A. At home. B. On the playground. C. In the library

(三) 听短文，根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误，正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。短文读两遍。听短文前，你们有20秒钟的时间阅读下列句子。

11. Helen Thayer was the first woman who walked to the North Pole (北极) alone.

12. Helen was born in the United States.

13. Helen had a dream to walk to the North Pole alone when she was forty.

14. On her journey, Helen walked 345 miles in freezing weather conditions.

15. Once, seven polar bears (北极熊) wanted to eat Helen. Luckily, she saved herself.

请考生们翻到第7页，先找到第四大题。你们将有5秒钟的准备时间。

二、单项填空

选择最佳答案。

1.Berlin is _________capital of Germany.

A. /

B. a

C. the

【答案】C

【详解】句意：柏林是德国的首都。A选型是零冠词，a是不定冠词，常翻译为“一个”，the 表示特指。capital of Germany德国的首都，是特指，所以用定冠词the, 故选C。

2.In the world, more than 30% of schools do not provide safe drinking water _________about 570 million children.

A. with

B. for

C. towards

【答案】B

【详解】句意：在世界上，超过30%的学校没有为大约5.7亿儿童提供安全的饮用水。provide sth for sb/ provide sb with sth,为某人提供某物，这是固定搭配。根据句子结构，这里用到短语provide sth for sb ,故选B。

3.If I leave my house at 9 o'clock and drive to the airport, I'll arrive at about 11. So it's about two _________drive from my house to the airport.

A. hours'

B. hour's

C. hours

【答案】A

【详解】句意：如果我9点离开家，开车去机场，大约11点到。所以从我家到机场大约要两个小时的车程。首先两小时two hours, 这里表示开车两个小时“的”距离，所以要用所有格，表示…的，hours的所有格直接在后面加“ ’”，故选A。

4.- I'm getting hungry. Do you know where we can get some good food?

- Of course! There ____________ a restaurant around the comer.

A. will be

B. was

C. is

【答案】C

【详解】句意：---我饿了。你知道在哪能买到好食物吗？---当然！拐角处有一家餐馆。A选项是一般将来时的there be句型，B选项是一般过去时的there be句型，C选项是一般现在时的there be句型；根据句意这里是一般现在时，故选C。

5.A recent survey shows that 44 percent of Americans want to use self-driving cars, _________34 percent believe that they will make the roads mote dangerous.

A. although

B. because

C. if

【答案】A

【详解】句意：最近的一项调查显示，44%的美国人希望使用自动驾驶的汽车，尽管34%的人认为这会使道路变得危险。although虽然，because因为，if如果；根据前后句意可知，这里表示让步，即虽然，尽管，故选A。

6.Tennis can exercise all of our muscles (肌肉) . And it requires _________to spend time with others. This is good for our health too.

A. ours

B. us

C. we

【答案】B

【详解】句意：网球可以锻炼我们所有的肌肉，它要求我们花时间和别人在一起练习，这对我们的健康也有好处。ours是名词性物主代词；us是宾格；we我们，是主格；空格在动词require的后面，作require的宾语，所以用宾格，表示“需要我们”，故选B。

7.Ants are pretty small. You might think that they _________be rather weak. But what you might not know is that ants are actually very strong for their size.

A. need

B. can't

C. must

【答案】C

【详解】句意：蚂蚁很小，你可能认为它们一定很软弱，但你可能不知道是，蚂蚁的体型其实非常强壮。need意思是需要；can’t表示否定推测；must表示肯定推测；根据句意，表示“他们肯定很虚弱”，所以是肯定推测，故选C。

8."Left-behind" children _________see their parents, because their parents work in the cities, leaving them behind in the countryside to be cared for by their grandparents.

A. always

B. hardly ever

C. Often

【答案】B

【详解】句意：“留守”儿童很少见到他们的父母，因为他们的父母在城市工作，把他们留在农村由他们的祖父母照顾。always总是，hardly ever几乎不，often经常；根据空前的"Left-behind" children留守儿童，所以可以推测“很少”见到父母，故选B。

9.Around the world, 300 million tons of plastic _________each year, of which about 10 percent ends up in the sea.

A. is created

B. was created

C. creates

【答案】A

【详解】句意：在世界各地，每年都有300万的塑料是被创造，其中大约百分之十都流向了大海。create创造，根据句意，塑料“被”创造，因为是“每年”所以是一般现在时，故是一般现在时的被动语态，故选A。

10.Roy works in London. It _________him about half an hour to get to work by bus every day.

A. costs

B. spends

C. takes

【答案】C

【详解】句意：罗伊在伦敦工作，他每天乘公共汽车上班大约要半个小时。cost花费，主语一般是物；spend 花费钱或时间，主语是人；take花费时间，其句型为it takes sb some time to do sth；此句根据空前的it, 及后面的to do不定式，可以看出用到take的句型，故选C。

11.Cathy sold some of her things in a yard sale and _________the money to a children's home.

A. gave away

B. gave up

C. gave out

【答案】A

【详解】句意：凯茜在一次庭院拍卖会上卖掉了一些东西，把钱捐给了一个儿童之家。give away捐赠，give up放弃，give out分发；根据句意，表示把钱“捐赠”给了儿童之家，故选A。

12.Melting ice (融冰) can cause sea levels to rise. Since 1993, sea levels _________at a speed of 3.2 cm every 10 years.

A. rose

B. have risen

C. rise

【答案】B

【详解】句意：融冰会导致海平面上升，自1993年以来，海平面以每10年3.2厘米的速度上升。根据句子中的since自从，可知动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在，并有可能一直持续下去，符合现在完成时的定义，完成时结构：主语+ have/has +过去分词，故选B。

13.A break between classes is a good time for students to play sports and talk with their classmates. So it

_________helps with students' health, _________improves their social skills.

A. either; or

B. neither; nor

C. not only; but also

【答案】C

【详解】句意：课间休息是学生进行体育活动和与同学交谈的好时机，因此，它不仅有助于学生的健康，而且提高了他们的社交技能。either…or或者….或者….; neither….nor既不….也不；not only….but also不仅….而且；根据句意，课间休息对学生的健康和社交技能都有帮助，故这里表示“不仅而且”，故选C。

14.Peppa Pig (《小猪佩奇》) is a British cartoon _________has been popular in China and is much loved by little children and their parents.

A. who

B. which

C. /

【答案】B

【详解】句意：《小猪佩奇》是一部在中国很受欢迎的英国动画片，深受幼儿和父母的喜爱。根据句子结构，空后部分是作定语修饰British cartoon, 所以是定语从句。先行词是British cartoon, 是物，故选B。

15.Are babies carefree (无忧无虑)? Anew study from the US says that 2-year-old babies care about

_________________.

A. how other saw them

B. how do others see them

C. how others see them

【答案】C

【详解】句意：婴儿是否无忧无虑？美国的一项新研究表明，2岁的婴儿关心别人如何看待他们。根据句子结构，这是宾语从句，所以疑问句要用陈述句语序，故排除B；另外“研究表明….”这是一般现在时，故选C。

三、阅读理解

A

Do you often listen to music at loud volumes (音量)? You should know that this habit is bad for your hearing. Over 1 billion young people are at risk of hearing loss (听力丧失) ,because of listening to loud noise for long periods of time. Listening to music or watching a TV show at loud volumes can harm your hearing.

The United Nations has standards for safe listening. It is not safe to listen to sounds that are louder than 85 dB (分贝) for eight hours or 100 dB for 15 minutes. The sound of a busy road is about 85 dB and the sound of a rock concert can be about 100 dB.

Loud noise is harmful to the inner ear. Most of us are bon with about 16,000 hair cells (听毛细胞) in our inner ears. These cells notice sounds. However, listening to loud noise for a long time can make these cells work too hard and cause some of them to die. This is what causes hearing loss. Once this happens, it's hard to get your hearing back.

Some people might think that their music isn't all that loud. But this can depend on where you are. For example, if you are in a noisy place like the subway, you might turn up your music too loud without realizing it. Later, when you listen to it at the same volume in a quiet place, you alight feel uncomfortable

The "safe level" for most sound is below 80 dB for up to 40 hours a week. A level of 80 dB is about equal to (相当于) the noise of a subway.

Here is some advice on safe listening. Over-the-ear headphones (头戴式耳机) are better than in-ear ones. They do a better job of stopping outside noise, so you can listen at a lower volume. Don't listen to loud music on your headphones for a long time. Follow the 60:60 rule: listen to music at 60 percent of your headphones' maximum volume for no more than 60 minutes a day.

根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。

16. It is safe to listen to sounds that are louder than 100 dB for 15 minutes

17. Listening to loud noise for a long time can cause some hair cells in the inner ear to die.

18. From the fourth paragraph, we know people don't always realize how loud their music is.

19. In-ear headphones are better than over-the-eat ones because they can stop more outside noise.

20. This article mainly tells us why ears are an important part of our bodies.

【答案】16. B 17. A 18. A 19. B 20. B

【解析】本文主要讲述了长时间听大音量的音乐会对我们的听力造成伤害。

【16题详解】

根据第一段t is not safe to listen to sounds that are louder than 85 dB (分贝) for eight hours or 100 dB for 15 minutes. 听8小时大于85分贝（分贝）或15分钟大于100分贝的声音是不安全的。所以此句和原文是矛盾的，故用B表示。

【17题详解】

根据第二段However, listening to loud noise for a long time can make these cells work too hard and cause some of them to die. 然而，长时间听大噪音会使这些细胞工作得太辛苦，导致其中一些细胞死亡。所以此句和原文是一致的，故用A表示。

【18题详解】

根据第四段For example, if you are in a noisy place like the subway, you might turn up your music too loud without realizing it. 比如当你在地铁的时候，你可能会把你的音乐调得太大而没有意识到。所以当人们在比较嘈杂的环境时，可能不能意识到音乐的声音有多大，故此题说法和原文一致，故用A表示。

【19题详解】

根据原文Over-the-ear headphones (头戴式耳机) are better than in-ear ones. They do a better job of stopping outside noise,可知头戴式耳麦比耳麦好，它们在阻止外界噪音方面做得更好。故此句说法和原文是相反的，故用B表示。

【20题详解】

通过阅读全文可知，本文主要讲了长时间听大音量的音乐会对听力造成伤害，而并没有讲为什么耳朵是我们身体的重要组成部分，此选项错误，故用B表示。

B

Do you want to improve your physics and chemistry grades? Well, maybe you should first learn something about the struggles (奋斗) of great scientists.

The American Psychological Association did an interesting study. More than 400 students from schools in New York City took part in it. The students were divided into three groups. Group 1 read a typical textbook that describes the achievements of great scientists. Group 2 read about those scientists' personal struggles. For example, as a Jew, Einstein (爱因斯坦) ran away from Nazi Germany to avoid persecution (迫害). The last group read about the scientists' intellectual struggles, such as Marie Curie's failed scientific tests. These stories about struggles also told students how the scientists dealt with these obstacles障碍) .

The students took a science exam before the study. After the six-week study, they took another. Scientists found those in Groups 2 and 3 improved their science grades. Students in Group 1 didn't see a grade increase. Some of them even had lower grades after the study.

The study was led by Xiaodong Lin-Siegler, a teacher at Columbia University. According to Xiaodong, kids often think Einstein was truly intelligent. They believe they will never match him.

Many of them fail to realize that any success requires a long journey. Along the way, there are many failures失败) .

Students who read the struggle stories more probably said that great scientists were like themselves. The "great minds" also had to overcome obstacles to achieve success.

Xiaodong says today's science textbooks fail to bring science to life. As a result, students seldom regard science as part of their everyday lives. Instead, they just see a long list of facts that they have to remember. Xiaodong thinks textbooks should include more stories about how great scientists had to struggle to succeed. And students should focus more on how these scientists dealt with the obstacles they met along the way.

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

21. According to the article, students can improve their physics and chemistry grades by _______.

A. reading the achievements of great scientists more carefully

B. listening more carefully to their physics and chemistry teachers

C. learning about how great scientists dealt with their obstacles

22. All of the students who took part in the study _________.

A. were interested in physics and chemistry

B. went to school in New York City

C. wanted to improve their physics and chemistry grades

23. Andy Hunt was one of the students who took part in the study. According to his report card, he was probably a member of _________.

A. Group 1

B. Group 2

C. Group 3

24. In Paragraph Four, the word "match" means "___________ " in Chinese.

A. 满足

B. 比得上

C. 配对

25. Xiaodong Lin-Siegler thinks science textbooks should ____________________.

A. tell students directly that Einstein was born a common man

B. make the long lists of facts山at students have to remember more interesting

C. include more stories about how great scientists had to struggle to succeed

【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. C

【解析】本文通过研究表明，学生们不仅要学习科学家成功的故事，更应该多学习这些伟大的科学家是如何和困难作斗争而最终取得成功的。

【21题详解】

细节理解题。根据原文Scientists found those in Groups 2 and 3 improved their science grades.第二组和第三组学生提高了他们的科学成绩，而这两组都是读的关于科学家是如何和困难做斗争，克服困难的，结合选项故选C。

【22题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段The American Psychological Association did an interesting study. More than 400 students from schools in New York City took part in it.可知所有参加研究活动的学生都来自纽约，故B正确，而A,C选项都没有提到，故选B。

【23题详解】

推理判断题。根据卡片内容，他的物理成绩并没有得到提高，反而下降，根据文中Students in Group 1 didn't see a grade increase. Some of them even had lower grades after the study.可以推测他可能来自第1组，故选A。【24题详解】

词义猜测题。结合单词所在的句子According to Xiaodong, kids often think Einstein was truly intelligent. They believe they will never match him.孩子们认为爱因斯坦真的很聪明，他们认为他们永远没办法…..他, 根据句意，这里match意思是“比得上”，故选B。

【25题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段students should focus more on how these scientists dealt with the obstacles they met along the way.可知晓东认为学生们不仅仅要学习科学家成功的故事，而且要更多地学习他们是如何克服困难的，结合选项故选C。

C

根据短文内容. 从方框中选出恰当的单词或短语填空，使语意通顺完整。第一个方框供41-45小题选用，第二个方框供46-50小题选用。每个选项只能便用一次，每框有一项剩余。

Many years ago, there was a Greek king named Midas. King Midas loved gold very much. He had more gold than any other king in the world , but he still wanted more.

One day, a beautiful fairy (仙子) came to his palace. "Midas, you are the ___26___ man in the world," said the fairy. "Yes," said the king, "but I want more gold because gold is the most wonderful thing in the world!" "Your wish will ___27___, " said the fairy. "From tomorrow morning, you can turn everything you touch into gold."

King Midas got up very early the next morning. He wanted to see if his wish had really come true. He touched his bed with his ___28___ and the bed was turned into gold. The king was wild with joy. He ran around his palace and touched everything he saw. Everything was turned into gold!

The king felt hungry after running around for a long time. He decided to have his breakfast. However, ___29___ he touched a bowl of milk, the bowl, together with the milk in it, was turned into gold. What's more, the bread and

King Midas was sitting hungrily at the dinner table when his little daughter ran to him. He hugged her and the little gal became a gold statue (雕塑) ___31___. The king felt afraid. "Fairy," he shouted, "take away this ___32___ gift! Give me back my little gal!"

In a moment, the fairy was standing before him. "Do you still think that gold is the greatest thing in the world?" asked the fairy "No, no!" cried the king. "I have learned my lesson!" "Very well," said the fairy. "There is a spring像) in the garden. Sprinkle (洒) things that you have touched ___33___ the water from the spring."

The king ___34___ to the spring. He ran back with a bottle of water and sprinkled the water on his

___35___head. Soon, the little girl came to life. He then sprinkled his breakfast. To his great joy, it turned back to real bread and meat!

【答案】26. D 27. A 28. E 29. C 30. F 31. E 32. B 33. C 34. F 35. D

【分析】

国王认为金子是世界上最好的东西，虽然他拥有了很多金子，但是想拥有更多，所以他找到了仙女，仙女答应帮他实现愿望，他所触摸到的一切东西都变成了金子，包括食物和他的女儿。这时他很后悔，又一次找到仙女，通过此事，仙女让他认识到了世界上最好的东西并不是金子。

【26题详解】

根据前文He had more gold than any other king in the world他比世界上其它任何一个国王都有更多的黄金，所以是世界上最富有的人，是最高级，故填richest，故选D。

【27题详解】

句意：“你的愿望会实现的，”仙女说。根据后文From tomorrow morning, you can turn everything you touch into gold.从明天开始你所接触到的一切都很变成金子，可以推测仙女答应他实现愿望，故这里表示“实现”，故选A。

【28题详解】

句意：他用手指摸了摸床，床就变成了金子。根据句子中的动词“touch”触摸，所以是用手去触摸，故选E。【29题详解】

句意：然而，他一碰到一碗牛奶，碗里的牛奶就变成了金子。根据句子结构，这里需要一个连词，来连接两个句子，结合选项，故用as soon as表示“一….就”，故选C。

30题详解】

句意：最后，可怜的国王什么也没吃。根据前文描述所有他触摸到的东西都变成了金子，包括吃的面包，肉也变成了金子，所以他什么都没吃到，所以用nothing ,故选F。

【31题详解】

句意：他拥抱了她，小女孩立刻变成了一尊金像（雕刻）。此句句子结构是完整的，所以需要副词，结合句意，表示“立刻，马上”，故选E。

【32题详解】

句意：“仙女，”他喊道，“把这个可怕的礼物拿走！把我的小姑娘还给我！”修饰名词gift,所以需要形容词，根据语境，仙女给他的这个礼物竟然把女儿也变成了金子，所以是可怕的，故选B。

【33题详解】

句意：用泉水洒下你接触过的东西。根据句意，这里表示“用”，且需要介词短语作方式状语，所以用with, 故选C。

【34题详解】

句意：国王冲向春天。在主语后，所以需要填动词，仙女给他说了方法之后，他很迫切地想把女儿变回来，所以是“冲向”泉水，故选F。

【35题详解】

句意：他拿着一瓶水跑回来，把水洒在女儿的头上。结合后文the little girl came to life.所以是洒在他女儿的头上，所以是his daughter’s head。故选D。

D

We have found plastic in the ocean and in animals like birds, fish and whales. But for the first time, scientists have found plastic in human poop (大便) , USA Today reported. The findings came from a study led by scientists from Environment Agency Austria ___36___ The volunteers wrote down what they ate for a week and then provided a stool sample (大便样本) for testing.

_____37_____About 20 small plastic particles (IM) were found in every 10 grams (克) of stool. "The smallest plastic particles can enter the blood, the lymphatic system, and may even reach the liver (肝脏)," said Philipp Schwabl, who took part in the research. _____38_____They’re not sure how the plastic got in the volunteers' bodies, either. But most of the volunteers said they drank from plastic bottles and also ate seafood that could include plastic from ocean pollution.

In fact, plastic is everywhere around us. Every year, lots of plastic waste goes into the ocean. ____39____ Most of the particles stay in the ocean. Others can spread into the soil. and air. Could plastic in the air fall onto food and get into the human body?

Some past studies may also give us a clue. ______40______And even some drinking water has been found to have tiny plastic particles in it.

根据短文内容从方框中选出五个句子填入文中空缺处使短文内容通顺完整。

【答案】36. D 37. F 38. E 39. A 40. C

【分析】

我们在一些海洋动物中发现了塑料，而且最近科学家在人类粪便中也发现了塑料。为此科学家对一些志愿者做了实验，证明确实人体中含有塑料，并说明了塑料是如何进入海洋动物和人体的。

【36题详解】

根据后文The volunteers wrote down what they ate for a week….既然这里提到志愿者，所以是科学家们对一些志愿者们进行了研究，结合选项这和D 选项“科学家们跟踪了来自世界各地的八名健康志愿者”内容是一致的，故选D 。

【37题详解】

因为前文提到了科学家对8名志愿者进行了研究，所以这里要对研究结果进行说明，所以F “根据这项研究，科学家在粪便样本中发现了九种不同的

塑料”，是研究结果，故选F 。

【38题详解】

根据后文They ’re not sure how the plastic got in the volunteers' bodies, either. 他们也不确定塑料是如何进入志愿者体内的。这里提到了“也不确定”，所以前文是“不确定….”, 故这和E 中“不确定塑料是否对人类有害”是对应的，故选E 。

【39题详解】

根据前文Every year, lots of plastic waste goes into the ocean. 每年都有大量的塑料废料流入海洋。所以这里要说明塑料进入海洋之后发生了什么，故这和A 选项“在那里，阳光和海浪把塑料垃圾分解成很小的碎片。”是对应的，故选A 。

【40题详解】

根据后文even some drinking water has been found to have tiny plastic particles in it. 提到甚至在一些饮用水中也发现了塑料颗粒，所以这里在说“在….中存在塑料颗粒”，故这和C 选项中的“90% of sea salt which is sold in the world includes plastic.”是对应的，故选C 。

【点睛】本题属于选择句子补全短文，每个选项和上下文之间都有一定的联系，所以在写这类题目时阅读上下文，从上下文找出和选项之间的联系是至关重要的。例如第3小题，我们需要找的关键信息就是后文中的they are not sure….., either 。既然在表达“也不确定…..”, 可以推测前面一定在说某件不确定的事情，对照选项，E 选项中的 the scientists aren't sure 和此处是有联系的，故选E 。

第II 卷 (非选择题)

四、听写

听对话，根据对话内容完成下列句子，每空词数不限。对话读三遍。听对话前，你们有20秒

钟的时间阅读下列句子。 56. When is Dave going to a concert?

He is going on _______________ afternoon.

57. What time does the concert finish?

It finishes at ______________.

58. How will Dave and Alice go to the concert?

They will get there _________________.

59. How much is a concert ticket?

It is only ____________________dollars.

60. What does Dave ask Alice to bring to the concert?

He asks Alice to bring a _____________ to the concert. 五、词形转换 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，每空格限填一词。 41. I felt _____________ lying in the sun on the beach. (relax) 42. The little boy said, "I am old enough to take good care of ____________"(my) 43. Our team lost the game because we played very ____________ (bad). 44. In America, 95% of pet owners think of their animals as family _____________.(member)

45. A team of climbers from Peking University reached the top of the world's ______________mountam, Qomolangma, on May 15, 2018. (high)

46. Scientists around the world are working to _________a medicine for AIDS (艾滋病). (cover)

47. Have you ever cut your finger on the edge (边缘) of a book page? The small cut on your finger is so

_____________. (pain)

48. There are about 6,000' languages that are spoken around the world, but 43% of them are dying out. If no

_________is taken, some of these languages will disappear. (act)

【答案】41. relaxed 42. myself 43. badly 44. members

45. highest 46. discover 47. painful 48. action

【41题详解】

句意：躺在沙滩上晒太阳，我感到很放松。relax动词放松，felt是感官动词，所以后跟形容词作表语，且这里修饰“人”，表示感到放松的，故填relaxed。

【42题详解】

句意：小男孩说：“我已经长大了，可以好好照顾自己了。这里主语是I, 所以表示“我自己” take care of oneself 照看某人自己，故填myself。

【43题详解】

句意：我们队输了比赛，因为我们打得很差。修饰动词play所以用副词，故填badly。

【44题详解】

句意：在美国，95%的宠物主人认为他们的宠物是家庭成员。family member家庭成员，且前面是animals,所以这里也用名词复数，故填members。

【45题详解】

句意：来自北京大学的登山队于2018年5月15日到达世界最高山峰珠穆朗玛峰。前有比较范围the world’s 世界上的，所以是最高级，表示“最高的山”，故填highest。

【46题详解】

句意：世界各地的科学家正致力于发现一种治疗艾滋病的药物。cover意思是覆盖，根据句意可知，科学家“发现了”一种药物，故填discover。

【47题详解】

句意：你有没有在书页的边缘割过手指？你手指上的小伤口很痛。pain名词疼痛，根据句子结构，是主系表结构，所以用形容词，表示疼痛的，故填painful。

【48题详解】

句意：全世界大约有6000种语言在使用，但其中43%的语言正在逐渐消失。如果不采取任何措施，其中一些语言将消失。采取措施take actions, 谓语动词是is，所以用单数，故填action。

六、动词应用

根据短文内容，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。

A bus ran off a bridge into the Yangtze River in Chongqing on October 28, 2018. The accident ___49___ (cause) by a fight between the driver and a passenger, killing all 15 people on the bus.

ccording to the police report, a 45-year-old female passenger, surnamed Liu, argued with the driver, surnamed Ran. Liu was angry because Ran refused ___50___ (stop) the bus after she missed her station. She then hit the driver, causing the accident. The video shows that Liu hit Ran with her mobile phone twice while Ran ___51___(drive) the bus. Rather than stop in the middle of the road,. Ran kept driving. But in protecting himself, he lost control of the bus and a tragedy (悲剧) happened.

The police said that both Liu and Ran had broken criminal law by seriously endangering (危及) public safety. And the police ___52___ (announce), "Liu hit the driver with her phone and prevented the driver from driving the bus

safely. The driver, too, didn't do his best to make sure that his driving was safe."

The accident also caused heated discussions on the Internet. Besides feeling terribly sorry for the tragedy, most Internet users blamed (指责) Liu, while some others criticized the driver. More users were talking about what they should do. One Weibo user said, "We ___53___ (stand) up and stop such fights between passengers and drivers

___54___ (avoid) this kind of tragedy."

Another user advised that a safety barrier (屏障) should be set up on the bus. It can stop passengers from

___55___ (touch) the bus driver.

【答案】49. was caused 50. to stop 51. was driving 52. announced

53. should stand 54. to avoid 55. touching

【解析】本文讲述了2018年10月28日，重庆一辆公交车上，一位乘客和司机发生冲突，导致公交车从桥上冲入长江。

【49题详解】

句意：事故是由司机和一名乘客打架造成的，车上15人全部丧生。cause意思是导致，主语是the accident, 所以事故“被”导致，故用被动语态，且这是过去发生的事情，故填was caused。

【50题详解】

句意：刘很生气，因为她错过车站后，冉拒绝停车。refuse to do sth拒绝做某事，故填to stop。

【51题详解】

句意：视频显示，刘在开车的时候用手机打了两次冉。while表示当…时候，引导时间状语从句；根据句意，表示“当冉正在开车时”，且动作发生在过去，所以用过去进行时，故填was driving。

【52题详解】

句意：警方宣布，“刘用手机打司机，阻止司机安全驾驶汽车。announce意思是宣布，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时，故填announced。

【53题详解】

句意：一位微博用户说：“我们应该站起来制止乘客和司机之间的冲突，以避免（避免）这种悲剧。”根据句意可知，这位微博用户意思是“我们应该站起来”，故填should stand。

【54题详解】

句意：参考第5小题。根据句意，这里表示表示目的，所以用to do 不定式，故填to avoid。

【55题详解】

句意：它可以阻止乘客接触公共汽车司机。stop sb from doing阻止某人做某事，from是介词，所以后跟动名词，故填touching。

七、阅读表达

根据短文内容，回答下列问题。

The population of the world continues to increase, but in some areas the population is falling.

This is true in Europe and especially in Eastern Europe. In Russia, the population is going down by about 100 people EVERY HOUR! Russia's population could fall by ONE THIRD by the year 2050! And in Poland (波兰) the population is also going down because people are leaving to work in other countries.

One of the main reasons is a change of lifestyle. All over Europe people, especially educated women, have a different attitude(态度) to children than their parents. "I have one child and she is enough for me," said Galina Tereschkova, a doctor from Moscow. "My husband and I both work full-time. We can't imagine having more than one child." Many women decide to have children later in life or not to have children at all. "I don't want to have any children until I have worked for at least 10 years," said 19-year-old student Hana Markova from Prague. Her opinion is typical of 18-24 year old women everywhere in Europe.

In Poland, the population is going down for a different reason. A lot of people, usually aged between 20 and 30,

are leaving the country to work abroad. Poland joined the European Union in 2005 and since then more than half a million people have moved to Britain, Germany, Spain and Italy. Even so, the population of those four countries and many other countries in West Europe is also going down.

Many governments are now encouraging people to have larger families. In France, women now receive nearly $1,000 a month for a year if they have a third child. Austrian women receive $700 a month for three years when they have their first child.

56. Where in the world is the population getting smaller?

___________________________________________________________________

57. How many children does Galina Tereschkova want to have?

_________________________________________________________________

58. What does Hana Markova want to do before she has children?

_________________________________________________________________

59. Why is the population in Poland going down?

_________________________________________________________________

60. How does the French government encourage people to have larger families now?

________________________________________________________________

【答案】56. In Europe and especially in Eastern Europe.

57. One 58. She wants to work for at least 10 years

59. Because a lot of people,usually aged between 20 and 30, are leaving Poland to work abroad./ The change of lifestyle.

60. By giving women nearly $1000 a month for a year if they have a third child.

【解析】本文讲述了世界上有些国家，，尤其是在欧洲的一些地方，人口在不断下降以及人口下降的各种原因。

【56题详解】

根据文中第一段和第二段but in some areas the population is falling. This is true in Europe and especially in Eastern Europe.所以在欧洲尤其是在东欧，人口在下降，故回答In Europe and especially in Eastern Europe。

【57题详解】

根据第三段加利娜说的话I have one child and she is enough for me，所以她只想要一个孩子。故回答One./ She only wants to have one。

【58题详解】

根据第三段I don't want to have any children until I have worked for at least 10 years," said 19-year-old student Hana Markova from Prague. 我不想生孩子，除非我已经工作了至少10年。所以她生孩子之前想工作，故回答She wants to work for at least 10 years。

【59题详解】

根据第四段. A lot of people, usually aged between 20 and 30, are leaving the country to work abroad. 可知波兰人口下降的一个原因是，年龄在20到30岁之间的很多人离开这个国家到国外工作。故回答Because a lot of people, usually aged between 20 and 30, are leaving Poland to work abroad./ The change of lifestyle。

【60题详解】

根据最后一段In France, women now receive nearly $1,000 a month for a year if they have a third child.在法国，如果有第三个孩子，女性一年内每月可获得近1000美元。故回答.By giving women nearly $1000 a month for a year if they have a third child。

61.书面表达

时光荏苒，初中三年转瞬即逝。跟三年前的自己相比较，你会有很多变化。请以“I have changed a lot!”为题，

根据以下要求与提示，用英语写一篇短文，具体描述你最重要的变化及其如何发生的。

要求：

l. 短文不得出现任何真实人名、校名及其它相关信息，否则不予评分；

2.不少于60词。

提示：

l. What did you use to be like?

2. What is the most important change?

3. And how did it happen? Tell a story about it.

I have changed a lot!

____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________

【答案】Great changes have happened to me during the past three years. The most important change is my attitude to English.

I used to be tired of learning English. And I was not interested in it. I couldn’t remember the words freely or pronounce them correctly. Thanks to my mother, she often encourages me to learn it. Besides, with the help of my English teacher, I find a better way to learn English. I read it every morning. I listen to her carefully in class, take grammar notes. I often ask my classmates for help.

Now I like English so much that it is my favorite subject. Seeing the great change in my English study, how happy I am!

【详解】本文要写我初中三年的变化，根据习作提示，首先要指出我最大的变化是什么，并描述出具体变化是怎么发生的，所以要针对自己某一个最大的变化来写，而不是泛泛地写很多变化；时态主要是一般过去时和一般现在时。本篇文章，首先开篇点题，我有很多变化，我最大的变化是我对待英语学习态度的变化。第二段是文章的主体，先描述过去学习英语的状况，其中用到表达过去常用的句型used to do ;在妈妈及老师的帮助下，我的英语学习发生了很大变化，具体表现为 I read it every morning. I listen to her carefully in class, take grammar notes. I often ask my classmates for help.等。最后对以上变化进行总结，并指出对于这个变化，我的心情如何，Seeing the great change in my English study, how happy I am! 整篇文章内容符合要求，时态用云正确，思路清晰，结构完整，是一篇不错的文章。