《卜式传》阅读答案及翻译2013高考上海卷
《卜式传》阅读答案及翻译（2013高考上
海卷）
《卜式传》阅读答案及翻译（2013高考上海卷）卜式传
①卜式，河南人也。以田畜为事。时汉方事匈奴，
式上书，愿输家财半助边。上使使问式：“欲为官乎？”式曰：“自小牧羊，不习仕宦，不愿也。”使者曰：
“家岂有冤，欲言事乎？”式曰：“臣生与人无争，邑
人贫者贷之，不善者教之，所居，人皆从式，何故见冤？”使者曰：“苟，子何欲？”式曰：“天子诛匈奴，愚以为贤者宜死节，有财者宜输之，如此匈奴可灭也。”使者以闻。丞相弘曰：“此非人情，愿陛下勿许。”于
是上不报式。式归，复田牧。
②岁余，会浑邪等降，仓府空，贫民大徙，皆仰给
县官，无以尽赡。式复持钱二十万与河南太守，以给徙民。河南上富人助贫民者，上识式姓名，曰：“是固前
欲输其家半财助边。”上于是以式终长者，召拜中郎。
③初式不愿为郎，上曰：“吾有羊在上林中，欲令
子牧之。”式既为郎，布衣草履而牧羊。岁余，羊肥息。上过其羊所，善之。式曰：“非独羊也，治民犹是矣。
以时起居，恶者辄去，毋令败群。”上奇其言，使式治民，有政声。上以式朴忠，拜为齐相。
（自《汉书》，有删改）
17．写出下列加点词语在句中的意思。（4分）（1）使者以闻（2）布衣草履而牧羊
（3）岁余，羊肥息（4）上过其羊所，善之
18．下列各组句子中加点词的用法和意义相同的一项是（）。（2分）
A．臣生与人无争蹇叔之子与师，哭而送之
B．以田畜为事旦日飨士卒，为击破沛公军
C．布衣草履而牧羊顺风而呼，声非加疾也
D．愚以为贤者宜死节河南上富人助贫民者
19．把下列句子译成现代汉语。（6分）
（1）苟，子何欲？
（2）以时起居，恶者辄去，毋令败群。
20．第①段中，卜式的做法为什么被丞相认为是不合“人情”的？（2分）
21．依据全文，概述皇帝对卜式认识的变化过程。（3分）
参考答案：
17．（4分）（1）使……知道（2）穿着布衣（3）繁殖（4）认为……好
18．（2分）C
【A、介词，和、同/动词，参加、参与；B、动词，
当作、作为/介词，替；C、全是连词，表修饰；D、助词，……的人/助词，定语后置的标志】
19．（6分）（1）如果（是这样），你想要什么？（“苟”、省略句、宾语前置，各1分）（2）按一定的时间作息，不好的就去掉，不要让（它或他）损害群体。（“以时”、“辄”，句意，各1分）
20．（2分）丞相认为付出后要求回报是人之常情，卜式则为国家无私付出，不求回报，所以被认为不合
“人情”。
21．（3分）皇帝开始不太了解卜式的为人，接着认识到他是忠厚的长者，最后发现他有治国才能。（答对1点给1分）
【参考译文】
卜式，是河南人。以耕种畜牧为业。当时汉正在抵
抗匈奴入侵，卜式上书，愿意捐出一半的家财资助边事。皇帝派人问卜式：“想当官吗？”卜式说：“从小牧羊，不熟悉怎样当官，不愿意做官。”使者说：“家里难道
没有冤家仇人，想讲出来吗？”卜式说：“臣生来与人
无争，家里贫穷的乡人，我就借钱给他；为人不善的，
我就教他做好事。去到哪里，人们都顺从我，卜式有何
冤事啊！”使者说：“如果是这样，想要什麽呢？”卜
式说：“皇上讨伐匈奴，我认为贤能的人应该为大节而
死，有钱的人应该捐出来，这样的话匈奴就可以灭掉了。”使者报告了朝廷。丞相弘说：“这不是人之常情，希望陛下不要允许。”于是，皇上没有接受卜式的请求。卜式回家，又到田里牧羊了。
一年多后，恰逢匈奴浑邪王等人投降，朝廷开支很大，国库空虚，贫民大迁徙，所有费用都靠朝廷补给，
朝廷没法完全供给。卜式又拿出了20万给河南太守，用来发给迁徙的民众。河南上报富人救济贫民的名单，皇
帝认出了卜式的名字，说：“这是以前希望捐出一半家
产帮助边疆的人！”皇帝于是把卜式尊为长者，召见卜式，任命他为中郎。
起初，卜式不愿意做官，皇帝说：“我有羊在上林
苑里，想让先生去牧养它们。”卜式做了郎官后，穿著
布衣草鞋去牧羊。一年多后，羊肥壮又繁殖很多。皇帝
探访他牧羊的地方，对这很满意。卜式说：“不仅仅是羊，治理人民也是这样。按时起居，凶恶的立即除去，
不要让他败坏整个群体。”皇帝对他的话很惊奇，让他
管理人民，有政治声誉。皇帝认为卜式朴实忠厚，任命
他为相。
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《出师表》《汉书·卜式传》中考文言文阅读练习及答案(2019年山东省滨州市中考题)
(二)阅读下面文言文.完成10~14题。(15分 【甲】臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸候，先带不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰，后值倾覆，受任于败军之际，奉命于危难之间，尔来二十有一年矣。 先帝知臣谨慎，故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来，夙夜忧叹，恐付托不效，以伤先帝之明，故五月渡泸，深入不毛。今南方已定，甲兵已足，当奖率三军，北定中原，庶竭驽钝，攘除奸凶，兴复汉室，还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益，进尽忠言，则攸之、祎、允之任也。 愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，不效，则治臣之罪，以告先帝之灵。若无兴德之言，则责攸之、祎、允等之慢，以彰其咎；陛下亦宜自谋，以咨诹善道，察纳雅言，深追先帝遗诏，臣不胜受恩感激。 今当远离，临表涕零，不知所言。 (节速自诸葛亮(出师表)) 【乙】卜式，河南人也。以田畜为事。时汉方事匈奴，式上书，愿输家财半助边。上使使问式:“欲为官乎?”式曰:“自小牧羊，不习仕宦，不愿也。”使者曰:“家岂有冤，欲言事乎?”式曰:“臣生与人无争，邑人贫者贷之，不善者教之，所居，人皆从式，何故见冤?”使者曰:“苟，子何欲?”式曰:“天子诛匈奴，愚以为贤者宜死节，有财者宜输之，如此匈奴可灭也。” (节选自班园(汉书》) 【注释】①事:此指交践。②输:送出。③见：被。④死：为……而死 10.下列句中加点词的意思相同的项是( D )(3 分) A.先帝不以臣卑鄙肉食者鄙，未能远谋 B.三顾臣于草庐之中元方人门不顾 C.遂许先帝以驱驰杂然相许 D.上使使问式安陵君因使唐雎使于秦 11.下列句中加点词的意义和用法相同的项是(B )(3 分) A.躬耕于南阳皆以美于徐公 B.不效,则治臣之罪得之则生，弗得则死 C.如此而匈奴可灭可远观而不可亵玩焉 D.以田畜为事不以物喜不以已悲 12.将下列句子翻译成现代汉语。（4分) (1)苟全性命于乱世,不求闻达于诸侯。 (2)臣生与人亡所争。 13.请用“/”给文中画线语句断句，限断两处。(2分) 邑人贫者贷之，不善者教之 14.【甲】文寓情于事，恳切得体。叙殊遇,曰“三顾臣”、咨臣”、“寄臣以大事”，叙报效，则曰“许先帝”、“受任”、“恐托付不效”.通篇洋溢着(1) ““(用文中语句作答)的至诚忠爱之情，汉朝名将霍去病征战匈奴有功，汉武帝要给他道一栋大宅，霍去病不要，说:“匈奴未灭，何以家为?”清人顾炎武曾言:“天下兴亡,匹夫有责。“卜式一介平民，却拥有(2) “”(用乙文中语句作答）的见识与胸怀，令人肃然起收!
2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)英语 带答案
2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷） 英语 第Ⅰ卷（共105分） I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A basketball player. B. A laundry worker. C. A window washer. D. A rock climber 2. A. She is not hungry. B. She wants to cook. C. She is not tired. D. She wants to dine out. 3. A. Promising. B. Isolated C. Crowded. D. Modern 4. A. To a stationery shop. B. To a gymnasium. C. To a paint store. D. To a news stand. 5. A. The man can see a different view. B. The food is not tasty enough. C. The man cannot afford the food. D. The food is worth the price. 6. A. She reads different kinds of books. B. She also finds the book difficult to read. C. She is impressed by the characters. D. She knows well how to remember names. 7. A. The man will go to the post office. B. The post office is closed for the day. C. The woman is expecting the newspaper. D. The delivery boy has been dismissed. 8. A. She is n o t sure if she can join them. B. She will skip the class to see the film. C. She will ask the professor for leave. D. She does not want to see a film. 9. A. Fashion designing is a booming business. B. School learning is a must for fashion designers. C. He hopes to attend a good fashion school. D. The woman should become a fashion designer. 10. A. Few people drive within the speed limit. B. Drivers usually obey traffic rules. C. The speed limit is really reasonable. D. The police stop most drivers for speeding Section B Directions: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. A book publisher. B. A company manager. C. A magazine editor. D. A school principal. 12. A. Some training experience. B. A happy family. C. Russian assistants' help. D. A good memory. 13. A. Lynn?s devotion to the family. B. Lynn?s busy and successful life. C. Lynn?s g reat performance at work. D. Lynn?s efficiency in conducting programs. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Economic questions. B. Routine questions. C. Academic questions. D. Challenging questions. 15. A. Work experience. B. Educational qualifications. 第1页