热控专业设计需要掌握的基础知识(四)-专业技术标语

过程工业安全仪表系统的功能安全(Functionalsafty—Safety instrmented systems for the process industry sector)

IEC 61511-1过程工业安全仪表系统的功能安全-第1部分：框架、定义、系统、硬件和软件要求

IEC 61511-2过程工业安全仪表系统的功能安全-第2部分：IEC 61511的应用指南IEC 61511-3过程工业安全仪表系统的功能安全-第3部分：确定要求的安全完整性等级的指南

说明：以下术语摘录自IEC61511标准和相关的标准翻译稿，其中有一些术语在前面出现过，但表述略有不同，差别反映了过程控制领域的习惯与特殊性。

结构architecture

Arrangementof hardware and/or software elements in a system, for example

(1) arrangementof safety instrumented system (SIS) subsystems

(2)internal structure of an SIS subsystem

(3)arrangement of software programs

系统中硬件和/或软件元素的安排，如：

（1）安全仪表系统（SIS）子系统的安排；

（2）SIS子系统的内部结构；

（3）软件程序的安排。

资产保护 assetprotection

Function allocatedto system design for the purpose of preventing loss to assets 为防止资产损失分配给系统设计的功能。

基本过程控制系统（BPCS） basic process control system（BPCS）Systemwhich responds to input signals form the process, its associated equipment,other programmable systems and/or an operator and generates output signalscausing the process and its associated equipment to operate in the desiredmanner but which does not perform any safety instrumented functions with aclaimed SIL≥1

对来自过程的、系统相关设备的、其他可编程系统的和/或某个操作员的输入信号进行响应，并产生使过程和系统相关设备按要求方式运行的系统，但它并不执行任何具有被声明的SIL≥1的仪表安全功能。

通道 channel

element orgroup of elements that independently perform(s) a function 独立执行一个功能的一个或一组元素。

编码 coding

共同原因失效 commoncause failure

failure,which is the result of one or more events, causing failures of two or moreseparate channels in a multiple channel system, leading to system failure 由一个或多个事件引起一个多通道系统中的两个或多个分离通道失效，从而导致系统失效的一种失效。

共同模式失效 commonmode failure

failureoftwo or more channels in the same way, causing the same erroneous result

两个或多个通道以同样的方式引起相同的误差结果的失效。

部件 component

one of theparts of a system, subsystem, or device performing a specific function 执行某一特定功能的系统、子系统或装置的一个组成部分。

配置configuration

配置管理configuration management

disciplineof identifying the components of an evolving (hardware and software) system forthe purpose of controlling changes to those components and maintainingcontinuity and traceability throughout the life cycle

为了在生命周期全过程中控制组件的变化（硬件和软件）和保持连续性和可追溯性，对进化系统（硬件和软件）中组件的识别规则。

控制系统 controlsystem

systemwhich responds to input signals from the process and/or from an operator andgenerates output signals causing the process to operate in the desired manner

对来自过程和/或操作员的输入信号进行响应，并产生使过程按要求方式运行的输出信号的系统。

危险失效 dangerousfailure

failurewhich has the potential to put the safety instrumented system in a hazardous orfail-to-function state

可能使安全仪表系统潜在地处于某种危险或功能丧失状态的失效。

相关失效 dependentfailure

failurewhose probability cannot be expressed as the simple product of theunconditional probabilities of the individual events which caused it 其概率不能表示为引起失效的独立事件的无条件概率的简单乘积的失效。

检测到的 detected

揭露的 revealed

明显的 overt

in relationto hardware failures and software faults, detected by the diagnostic tests orthrough normal operation

在与硬件失效和软件故障有关时，通过诊断测试或正常操作发现的。

装置 device

functionalunit of hardware or software, or both, capable of accomplishing a specifiedpurpose

能实现某个规定目的的硬件或软件或者二者结合的功能单元

诊断覆盖率（DC） diagnostic coverage (DC)

ratio ofthe detected failure rate to the total failure rate of the component orsubsystem as detected by diagnostic tests. Diagnostic coverage does not includeany faults detected by proof tests.

诊断测试检测到的部件或子系统的失效率与总失效率之比。诊断覆盖率不包含由检验测试检测到的任何故障。

多样性 diversity

existenceof different means performing a required function

执行一个要求功能存在不同方法。

电气/电子/可编程电子（E/E/PE）

electrical/electronic/programmableelectronic

based onelectrical (E) and/or electronic (E) and/or programmable electronic (PE)technology

基于电气（E）和/或电子（E）和/或可编程电子（PE）技术。

误差 error

discrepancybetween a computed, observed or measured value or condition and the true,specified or theoretically correct value or condition

计算出的、观测到的和测量到的值或条件，和真实的、规定的或理论上正确的值或条件之间的差异。

外部风险降低设施external risk reduction facilities

measuresto reduce or mitigate the risks, which are separate and distinct from the SIS

与SIS分离且性质不同的降低或减少风险的措施。

失效 failure

termination of the abilityof a functional unit to perform a required function

功能单元执行一个要求功能的能力的终止。

故障 fault

abnormal condition that maycause a reduction in, or loss of, the capability of a

functional unit toperform a required function

可能引起功能单元执行要求功能的能力降低或丧失的异常状况。

故障避免 fault avoidance

use of techniques andprocedures which aim to avoid the introduction of faults during any phase ofthe safety life cycle of the safety instrumented system 在安全仪表系统安全生命周期的任何阶段中为避免引入故障而使用的技术和程序。

故障裕度 fault tolerance

ability of a functionalunit to continue to perform a required function in the presence of faults orerrors

在出现故障或误差的情况下，功能单元继续执行要求功能的能力。

最终元件 final element

part of a safetyinstrumented system which implements the physical action necessary to achieve asafe state

执行实现某种安全状态所必需的实际动作的安全仪表系统的组成部分。

功能安全 functional safety

part of the overall safetyrelating to the process and the BPCS which depends on the correct functioningof the SIS and other protection layers

与过程和BPCS有关的整体安全的组成部分，它取决于SIS和其他保护层的正确功能执行。

功能安全评估 functional safetyassessment

investigation, based onevidence, to judge the functional safety achieved by one or more protectionlayers

基于证据的调查，以判定由一个或多个保护层所实现的功能安全。

功能安全审核 functional safety audit

systematic and independentexamination to determine whether the procedures specific to the functionalsafety requirements comply with the planned arrangements, are implementedeffectively and are suitable to achieve the specified objectives

对于按计划安排的功能安全要求专用的规范是否有效地执行并满意地达到规定目的进行系统地、独立的检查。

功能单元 functional unit

entity of hardware orsoftware, or both, capable of accomplishing a specified purpose

能够完成规定目的的软件、硬件或两者相结合的实体。

硬件安全完整性 hardware safety integrity

part of the safetyintegrity of the safety instrumented function relating to random hardwarefailures in a dangerous mode of failure

在危险失效模式中，与硬件随机失效有关的仪表安全功能的安全完整性的一部分。

伤害 harm

physical injury or damageto the health of people, either directly or indirectly, as a result of damageto property or to the environment

由财产或环境的破坏而直接或间接导致的人身伤害或人体健康的损害。

危险 hazard

potential source of harm

伤害的潜在根源。

人为误差 human error

失误 mistake

human action or inactionthat produces an unintended result

引发非期望结果的人的动作或不动作。

影响分析 impact analysis

activity of determining theeffect that a change to a function or component will have to other functions orcomponents in that system as well as to other systems 确定一个系统中的一个功能或部件的改变，对该系统和其他系统中其他功能

或部件影响的活动。

独立部门 independent department

department which isseparate and distinct form the departments responsible for the activities whichtake place during the specific phase of the safety life cycle that is subjectto the functional safety assessment or validation

在进行安全评估或确认的安全生命周期的特定阶段中，同负责所发生活动的部门分开且不同的部门。

独立组织 independent organization

organization which isseparate and distinct, by management and other resources, from theorganizations responsible for the activities which take place during thespecific phase of the safety life cycle that is subject to the functionalsafety assessment or validation

在进行安全评估或确认的安全生命周期的特定阶段中，通过管理和其他资源同负责所发生活动的组织分开且不同的组织。

IEC 61511标准术语简介(二)

独立人员independent person

person who is separate and distinct from theactivities which take place during the specific phase of the safety life cyclethat is subject to the functional safety assessment or validation and does nothave direct responsibility for those activities 在进行安全评估或确认的安全生命周期的特定阶段中，同所发生活动分开且不同的人员，这些人员并不直接负责那些活动。

输入功能 input function

function which monitors the process and itsassociated equipment in order to provide input information for the logic solver

为了给逻辑解算器提供输入信息，监视过程及其相关设备的功能。

仪表 instrument

apparatus used in performing an action(typically found in instrumented systems)

在执行某个动作中使用的仪器（典型的可见仪表系统）。

逻辑功能 logic function

function which performs the transformationsbetween input information (provided by one or more input functions) and outputinformation (used by one or more output functions) ; logic functions providethe transformation from one or more input functions to one or more outputfunctions

在输入信息（由一个或几个输入功能提供）和输出信息（由一个或几个输出功能使用）之间执行变换的功能；逻辑功能提供从一个或几个输入功能到一个或几个输出功能的转换。

逻辑解算器 logic solver

that portion of either a BPCS or SIS thatperforms one or more logic function(s)既可以是一个BPCS的一部分，也可以是SIS的一部分，它执行一个或几个逻辑功能。

安全配置的逻辑解算器safety configured logic solver

general purpose industrial grade PE logicsolver which is specifically configured for use in safety applications in

accordance with 11.5

根据11.5为在安全应用中使用专门配置的工业级通用型PE逻辑解算器。

维护/工程接口 maintenance/engineering interface

maintenance/engineering interface is thathardware and software provided to allow proper SIS maintenance or modification.It can include instructions and diagnostics which may be found in software,programming terminals with appropriate communication protocols, diagnostictools, indicators, bypass devices,

test devices, and calibration devices

为能正确维护或修改SIS所提供的硬件和软件。包括：在软件中可能含有的指令和诊断程序、具有适当通信协议的编程终端、诊断工具、指示器、旁路装置、试验装置和校正装置。

减轻 mitigation

action that reduces the consequence(s) of ahazardous event

减小危险事件后果的动作。

操作模式 mode of operation

way in which a safety instrumented functionoperates

仪表安全功能运行方式。

要求模式下的仪表安全功能? demand mode safety instrumentedfunction

where a specified action (for example, closingof a valve) is taken in response to process conditions or other demands. In theevent of a dangerous failure of the safety instrumented function a potentialhazard only occurs in the event of a failure in the process or the BPCS

响应过程条件或其他要求而采取一个规定动作（如关闭一个阀门）的场合。在仪表安全功能的危险失效事件中，仅当发生过程或BPCS的失效事件时，才发生潜在危险。

连续模式下的仪表安全功能? continuous mode safetyinstrumented function where in the event of a dangerous failure ofthe safety instrumented function a potential hazard will occur without furtherfailure unless action is taken to prevent it 在仪表安全功能的危险失效事件中，如果不采取预防动作，即使没有进一步的失效，潜在危险也会发生。

模块 module

self-contained assembly of hardware componentsthat performs a specific hardware function (i.e., digital input module,analogue output module), or reusable application program (can be internal to aprogram or a set of programs) that support a specific function, for example,portion of a computer program that carries out a specific function

执行某个特定硬件功能的硬件部件的自含式组件（即数字输入模块、模拟输出模块），或支持某一特定功能的可重用应用程序（可能是一个或一组内固程序）。如执行特定功能的计算机程序的一部分。

从N中取M MooN

safety instrumented system, or part thereof,made up of “N” independent channels, which are so connected, that “M” channelsaresuffic

ient to perform the safety instrumented function

“N”个独立通道构成的安全仪表系统或其部分，它被连接成其中“M”个通道足以执行仪表安全功能。

必要的风险降低 necessary risk reduction

risk reduction required to ensure that the riskis reduced to a tolerable level 为保证把风险降低到允许水平所需的风险降低。

非可编程（NP）系统 non-programmable(NP) system

system based on non-computer technologies(i.e., a system not based on programmable electronics [PE] or software)

基于非计算机技术的系统（即不基于可编程电子[PE]或软件的系统）。

操作员接口 operator interface

means by which information is communicatedbetween a human operator(s) and the SIS (for example, CRTs, indicating lights,push-buttons, horns, alarms); the operator interface is sometimes referred toas the human-machine interface (HMI)

在操作人员和SIS之间进行信息交换的手段（如阴极射线管CRT、指示灯、按钮、操纵杆、报警器）；操作员接口有时又叫人机接口（HMI）。

其他技术安全相关系统 other technology safety relatedsystem

safety related systems that are based on atechnology other than electrical, electronic, or programmable electronic

不基于电气、电子或可编程电子技术的安全相关系统。

输出功能 output function

function which controls the process and itsassociated equipment according to final actuator information from the logicfunction

根据来自逻辑功能的终端执行机构的信息，控制过程及其相关设备的功能。

阶段 phase

period within the safety life cycle whereactivities described in this standard take place

发生IEC61511中描述活动的安全生命周期中的某个时段。

预防 prevention

action that reduces the frequency of occurrenceof a hazardous event

降低危险事件发生频率的动作。

以往使用 prior use

过程风险 process risk

risk arising from the process conditions causedby abnormal events (include BPCS malfunction)

因异常事件（包括BPCS功能失常）引起过程条件产生的风险。

可编程电子（PE） programmable electronics

electronic component or device forming part ofa PES and based on computer technology. The term encompasses both hardware andsoftware and input and out units

基于计算机技术构成PES一部分的电子部件或装置。本术语包括硬件和软件及输入和输出单元。

可编程电子系统（PES）? programmable electronic system (PES)

system for control, protection or monitoringbased on one or more programmable electronic devices, including all elements ofthe system such as power supplies, sen

sors and other input devices, data highways andother communication paths, actuators and other output devices

基于一个或多个可编程电子装置的，用于控制、防护或监视的系统，包括系统中所有的元素，如电源、传感器和其他输入装置、数据高速公路和其他通信途径、以及执行器和其他输出装置。

编程 programming

process of designing, writing and testing a setof instructions for solving a problem or processing data

为解决问题或处理数据而设计、编写和测试一组指令的过程。

检验测试 proof test

test performed to reveal undetected faults in asafety instrumented system so that, if necessary, the system can be restored toits designed functionality

为揭露安全仪表系统中未检测到的故障而执行的测试，以便在必要时把系统修复到所设计的功能。

保护层 protection layer

any independent mechanismthat reduces risk by control, prevention or mitigation

借助控制、预防或减轻以降低风险的任何独立机制。

经使用验证的 proven-in-use

when a documentedassessment has shown that there is appropriate evidence, based on the previoususe of the component, that the component is suitable for use in a safetyinstrumented system

当文档化的评估显示有适当证据表明：基于部件以往使用的情况，该部件适用于安全仪表系统时。

质量 quality

totality of characteristicsof an entity that bear on its ability to satisfy stated and

implied needs

一个实体满足指明的和隐含需要的性能总和。

硬件随机失效 random hardware failure

failure, occurring at arandom time, which results from a variety of degradation mechanisms in thehardware

在硬件中，由各种退化机制引起，以随机时间发生的失效。

冗余 redundancy

use of multiple elements orsystems to perform the same function; redundancy can be implemented byidentical elements (identical redundancy) or by diverse elements (diverseredundancy)

使用多个元素或系统来执行同一种功能；冗余可以使用同种元素实现（同型冗余），或使用不同元素实现（异型冗余）。

风险 risk

combination of thefrequency of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm

出现伤害的概率及该伤害严重性的组合。

安全失效 safe failure

failure which does not havethe potential to put the safety instrumented system in a hazardous orfail-to-function state

不会使安全仪表系统处于潜在的危险状态或功能故障状态的失效。

安全失效分数 safe failure fraction

fraction of the overallrandom hardware failure rate of a device that results in either a safe failureor a detected dangerous failure

导致安全失效或者可检测出的危险失效的装置总硬件随机失效

率分数。

安全状态 safe state

state of the process whensafety is achieved

达到安全时的过程状态。

安全 safety

freedom from unacceptablerisk

不存在不可接受的风险。

安全功能 safety function

function to be implementedby an SIS, other technology safety related system or external risk, reductionfacilities, which is intended to achieve or maintain a safe state for theprocess, with respect to a specific hazardous event

针对特定的危险事件，为达到或保持过程的安全状态，由SIS、其他技术安全

相关系统或外部风险降低设施实现的功能。

仪表安全控制功能 safety instrumentedcontrol function

safety instrumentedfunction with a specified SIL operating in continuous mode which is necessaryto prevent a hazardous condition from arising and/or to mitigate itsconsequences

工控常用英文单词

集散控制系统——Distributed Control System（DCS）

现场总线控制系统——Fieldbus Control System（FCS）

监控及数据采集系统——Supervisory Control And Data Acqusition（SCADA）可编程序控制器——Programmable Logic Controller（PLC）

可编程计算机控制器——Programmable Computer Controller（PCC）

工厂自动化——Factory Automation（FA）

过程自动化——Process Automation（PA）

办公自动化——Office Automation（OA）

管理信息系统——Management Information System（MIS）

楼宇自动化系统——Building Automation System

人机界面——Human Machine Interface（HMI）

工控机——Industrial Personal Computer（IPC）

单片机——Single Chip Microprocessor

计算机数控（CNC）

远程测控终端——Remote Terminal Unit（RTU）

上位机——Supervisory Computer

图形用户界面（GUI）

人工智能——Artificial Intelligent（AI）

智能终端——Intelligent Terminal

模糊控制——Fuzzy Control

组态——Configuration

仿真——Simulation

冗余——Redundant

客户/服务器——Client/Server

网络——Network

设备网——DeviceNET

基金会现场总线——foundation fieldbus（FF）

现场总线——Fieldbus

以太网——Ethernet

变频器——Inverter

脉宽调制——Pulse Width Modulation（PWM）

伺服驱动器——Servo Driver

软起动器——Soft Starter

步进——Step-by-Step

控制阀——Control Valver

流量计——Flowmeter

仪表——Instrument

记录仪—— Recorder

传感器——Sensor

智能传感器——Smart Sensor

智能变送器——Smart Transducer

虚拟仪器——Virtual Instrument

主站/从站——Master Station/Slave station

操作员站/工程师站/管理员站——Operator Station/Engineer Station/Manager Station