人教版高中英语必修一定语从句语法讲解

定语从句

一. 定语从句中的基本概念

在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

二. 引导定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose），as 等。关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

三. 定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。

1. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。

例如：Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。

2. 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。例如：The house,which we bought last month,is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的.

注意：非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词 that。

四. 关系代词的用法

1. that

that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.

玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）

The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.

我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）

2. which

which 用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）

The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful.

我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）

3. who， whom

who， whom 用于指人，who 用作主语和表语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.

经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（who 作主语）

Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？

正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（whom 作宾语）

4. as

①引导限定性定语从句时，指与先行词相似的人或物，必须用于

such/so...as...或 the same...as...结构中，例如：

Such people as were mentioned by him were honest.

被他提到的这样的人是诚实的。

Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out.

上学期我们数学老师出了一道我们没有一个人会的数学题。

This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.

这是和我昨天买的包一样的包。

②引导非限定性定语从句时，只能修饰句子，可置于被修饰句子后面、前面或主谓之间,翻译成“正如...那样”

例如：The earth moves around the sun, as we all know.

As we all know,The earth moves around the sun.

The earth, as we all know, moves around the sun

③在非限制性定语从句中，which和as引导定语从句时的区别：

a. which引导的从句不能放在主句前，而as引导的从句则既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，还可以放在主谓之间。

b. as和which都可以指代一个句子，但as有“正如”、“就像”之意，which 则没有此含义。

c. as 引导的非限定定语从句只能修饰句子，which 引导的非限定性定语从句可以修饰句子，也可以修饰名词。

5. 当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who, whom, that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。

例如：

This is the house in which we lived last year.

这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.

请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。

例如：This is the person whom you are looking for.

这就是你要找的那个人。

6. 关系词只能用that的情况

①先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.

例如：He was the first person that passed the exam.

他是第一个通过考试的人。

当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。

②被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.

例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？

你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？

当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。

③先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.

例如：This is the same bike that I lost.

这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。

例如：Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 王华是我们学校唯一将会出席这个会议的人。

④先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that.

例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

⑤以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.

例如：Who is the girl that is crying？

正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？

⑥主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.

例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.

桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

7. 关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况

①先行词为that， those时，用which，而不用that.

例如：What’s that which is under the desk？

在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？

②关系代词前有介词时，用which，而不用that.

例如：This is the room in which he lives.

这是他居住的房间。

③引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.

例如：Tom came back，which made us happy.

汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

五. 关系副词的用法

1. when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。

例如：This was the time when he arrived.

这是他到达的时间。(when=at which)

2. where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。

例如：This is the place where he works.

这是他工作的地点。(where=at /in which)

3. why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。

例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.

没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。(why=for which)

六、归纳总结

1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语

which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略）

who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语

whom 指人在从句中作宾语

whose 指人或物在从句中作定语

as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语

but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语

注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或 of which+the+名词

2、as 的用法

（1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as

注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个

the same…that 表示同一个

（2）as与which的区别

1）位置不同：as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。2）as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。

Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。

3）在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。

二、只用that不用which的情况

1、.先行词为 all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时

2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时.

3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。

4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。

6、当先行词既指人又指物时。

7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that。

8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。

9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。

10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。

11、有时为了避免重复而使用that引导定语从句。

三、只用which不用that的情况

1、当介词放在关系代词之前时。

2、在非限制性定语从句中。

3、当关系代词指整个主句的概念时。

四、只用who不用that的情况

1、当先行词是one, ones,anyone或those时。

2、there be 结构中。

3、当先行词是人，后面有较长修饰语时。

4、为了避免重复或引起歧义。

5、当先行词是I,you,he,they等时（常用于谚语中）。

6、先行词是指成员的集体名词。

7、who可以引导非限制性定语从句。

8、先行词是拟人化的名词。

9、先行词指特定的人时用who,不指特定的人用that。

五、关系副词引导的定语从句

1、when时间状语

注意：It/This/That + be + the first/ second/ last time that…只能用that,that可以省略，从句用相应的完成时。

2、where 地点状语

注意：当先行词为模糊的地点时，如point. Situation, case, position, stage, scene, spot, activity, family, job等名词时用where.

3、why 原因状语先行词为reason。

六、介词与关系代词

1、介词如何确定

（1）依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定

（2）依据先行词的习惯搭配来确定

（3）根据意思来确定

（4）为了强调某一名词，不定式前加上关系词

2、关系代词作介词的宾语时，介词的位置

（1）whom和which可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。

（2）含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。

（3）关系代词that在从句中作介词宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。

（4）关系代词whose也可以在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起作介词宾语。

3、“名词/数词/代词+介词+关系代词”结构常见的形式有：名词

/one/two/some/none/all/both/several/many/most/a few/a little/the+比较级/the+最高级…+of+which/whom。

七、定语从句中的主谓一致

1、关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。

2、“one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的动词通常用复数，但当one前有the,the only,the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。

八、注意way和time后接定语从句的情况

1、当先行词是way，且意为“方式、方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式：that/in which/不填。

注意：关系词在从句中必须作状语。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，按正常的定语从句分析。

2、当先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用that引导定语从句，that 可省略；若time作“一段时间”讲，应用关系副词when或介词at/during+which 引导定语从句。

方法：1.先判断该句是否为定语从句

2.确定先行词，分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分，从而确定关系词

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高一英语定语从句讲解精华版 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】

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2．使用关系代词时应注意的几个问题： a. 在以下几种情况下只使用that不用which。 1.先行词是不定代词时，如: all, anything, everything, nothing, something, little, few, much。 told him all (that) I know. gave her everything (that) he had. 2.先行词被all, every, any, the very, the only, the just等修饰时。 have read all the books (that) you gave me. can take any book (that) you like. 3.先行词被序数词和形容词的最高级修饰时。 1. This is the best book (that) I have ever read. 2. The second place (that) I want to visit is Shanghai. 4.先行词既有人又有物时。 talked about the persons and things (that) we remember in the school. people and the animals that were killed in the earthquake have all been found. 5.在Who, Which引起的疑问句中。 1. Who is the boy that helped you? 2. Which is the book (that) you bought yesterday? 6. 若有两个定语从句，一个用which引导，另一个须用that引导。 He bought a book which could give him knowledge and that could help to kill the time. 7.当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。 Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. b.在以下几种情况下只使用which 不用that。 1. 引导非限制性定语从句时。 I have lost my pen, which I like very much. (which 作宾语，指代主句中的pen) New concept English is intended for foreign students, which is known to all of us. (which作主语，指代整个主句) 2. 若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是which，另一个须用that。 The book (that) he bought yesterday was the one (which) he liked best. 3. 先行词在句中作介词宾语且介词前置时。 This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. c.当先行词为指人的关系代词时,引导词只用who 不用that。 1.先行词为all, anyone, one / ones, those, people 时，须用who。 1. Anyone who knows how to do it can do it now. 2. Those who want to see the film please put up your hands. 3. He, who does not reach the Great Wall, is not a true man. 2. 在非限制性定语从句中，须用who。 Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard.

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高中定语从句详细讲解（一）定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。（二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。 He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。 The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。 This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。 4．That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。 Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？

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高中英语语法系列：定语从句知识要点 1.关系代词和关系副词的选用 2.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 3.几组的关系词特殊用法一、定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 The happy man who lives next to me sells vegetables. You must do everything that I do. 被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。比如上面两句中的man和everything. 引导定语从句的词，叫关系代词和关系副词。比如who,whom,that,which,wh ere,when,why等关系词三重作用：①连接主从句；②指代先行词；③在定语从句中担任句子成分。 The man who lives next to me sells vegetables. 该句中，who lives next to me是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。二、关系词引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,which,that,whose,as等和关系副词w here,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。

1.用关系代词that,which,who,whom引导的定语从句 who指人，用作主语 whom指人，用作宾语 which指物，用作主语、宾语皆可 that指人和物，用作主语、宾语皆可 The teacher who visits our school today is from Guangzhou. Mrs Read is the person whom you should write to. They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. The fish(which)we bought this morning were not fresh. A plane is a machine that can fly. The noodles(that)I cooked were delicious. 2.用关系代词whose引导的定语从句：先行词既可指人，也可指物，一般译为“谁的”“什么东西的”，请看例子 The room whose window faces south is mine. 3.用关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句 (1)when在从句中作时间状语 October lst,1949is the day when(=on which)the People’s Republic of Chin a was founded. (2)where在从句中作地点状语 I recently went to the town where(=in which)I was born. (3)why在从句中作原因状语 The reason why(=for which)he was late was that he missed the train.

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人教版高一英语必修一语法归纳以下是小编整理的高一必修一英语人教版语法归纳希望可以帮助大家，把语法进行归纳。 Unit 1 1. 词组: add up 合计 add up to 总计达 add… to…把。。加到。。。里 add to 增加增添扩建 2. calm… down 平静下来 3. have got to 不得不，必须 4. be concerned about / for 关心 5. walk the dog 遛狗 cheat … of 欺骗。。 6. go through 穿过完成用完通过仔细检查 go ahead 同意某人的请求go by 流逝 7. set down 记下 set up 建立 set off 出发引爆 set out to do=set about doing 着手做某事 8. a series of 一系列 9. on purpose 故意地 by accident= chance 偶然地 10. in order to= so as to 为了目的是in order that = so that 11. at dusk 在黄昏 at dawn 在黎明 at midnight 在午夜 at noon 在中午 12. face to face 面对面 13. no longer= not … any longer 不再 14. settle down 安顿下来 suffer from 遭受,患病 15. recover from 恢复 ,痊愈 16. get/ be tired of 对…感到厌烦 17. make a list of 列清单 18. pack… up 装箱打包 19. get along/ on with与…相处,/ 进展 20. fall in love 爱上

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定语从句讲解 1．定语从句：复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase which was very reasonable. Those who work hard will make progress. 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 1）关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有 when, where, why等。 2）关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句, who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。（二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可省略。但直接介词后只用whom,不可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. The man to whom you talked just now is my old friend.（whom不可省略） 3．which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。或在非限制定语从句中代替整个主句。Football is a game which is liked by most boys. This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. He failed the exam again ,which made his father angry. 4．that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. Where is the man (that / whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 5．whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替： We live in a house,__________ windows face the sea. We live in a house,___________ the windows face the sea. We live in a house, the windows__________ face the sea We live in a beautiful house, and the windows _________ face the sea Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?=_____________________=_________________ （三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。 The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous. =The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。 This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday. =This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。 The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions. =The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions. 注意：１．含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：