考研英语中表逻辑关系的词

考研英语中表逻辑关系的词
考研英语中表逻辑关系的词

并列关系& 部分常用标志词和短语

and, and also, or, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, th at is to say, as well as, same…as;

递进关系& 部分常用标志词和短语

also, then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more; indeed;

因果关系& 部分常用标志词和短语

because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…..that, such…..that, in order that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that, now that, lest, as a result, for this reason;

转折关系& 部分常用标志词和短语

but, however, yet, contrarily, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately;

让步关系& 部分常用标志词和短语

although, though, even though, even if, even, nevertheless, despite, in spite of; regardless of;anyway, anyhow ;

列举(顺序)关系& 部分常用标志词和短语

first\second\last of all, in the first place\in the second place\finally, to begin with\ to continue, first…then, o n one hand…on the other hand, for one thing…f or another, one…another, some…others…still others;

对比关系& 部分常用标志词和短语

while, whereas, as, / rather than, instead of, not….. but;

时间关系& 部分常用标志词和短语

when, whenever, before, after, since, as, while, until, till, simultaneously, meanwhile, in the meantime, at the same time;

条件关系& 部分常用标志词和短语

if, only if, if only, unless, otherwise, as soon as, as long as, in case, suppose that, supposing that, provided that, providing that, when, whenever, with;

举例关系& 部分常用标志词和短语

such as, for example, for instance, of (these, those, them), among (these, those, them), to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely;

考研英语同义词辨析

考研英语同义词辨析 previous, preceding, foregoing, prior, former 在前的, 早先的adv.在...以前 【辨析】preceding [prisi:di] 指在时间或地点上占先; foregoing [f:g, fr-, f:g, fr-] 指之前讲话的内容; previous [pri:vis] 指已经存在或发生过的; prior [prai] 还带有更为重要的意思,如priority; former [f:m] 与latter所指事物构成比照。通常是两者构成比照。 restricted, restrain, constrain adj.受限制的, 有限的 【辨析】restrict [ristrikt] 限制, 法律上的概念 restrain [ristrein] 表明该限制是不应该的,是贬义词 constrain [knstrein] 表明该限制是应该的 解析:注意:常用复数 by constraint勉强,强迫 feel constraint局促不安 standard, criteria, gauge 【辨析】standard [stndd] 表示法定的,权威的度量规范; criteria [kratr] 指用于检测质量的规范,不管是否成文; gauge [ɡeid] 只用于表示测量某个维度的详细方法。如测量口径的

方法。 reasoning, induction, inference, deduction 【辨析】reasoning [ri:zn] 指利用正确地思维方法通过逻辑推理对事实得出客观结论; inference [infrns] 特指得出结论的推导过程; deduction [ddkn] 指由证明无误的前提得出特殊结论; induction [ndkn]指归纳法,从事实得出结论。 ensure, insure, assure, secure 确保,保证;保证得到 【辨析】ensure [inu] 暗示一种事实上的保证; insure [inu] 强调为确保某一结果而预先采取某一措施; assure [u] 指除去别人多疑虑及担忧; secure [sikju] 指确保不会发生意外或不幸。

2020年考研英语一真题及答案解析

2020年研究生入学统一考试试题(英语一) Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Even if families are less likely to sit down to eat together than was once the case, millions of Britons will none the less have partaken this weekend of one of the nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. __1__ a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can __2__it. Yet as we report now, the food police are determined that this __3__ should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure __4__ to damage our health. The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has __5__ a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked __6__ high temperatures.This means that people should __7__ crisping their roast potatoes, spurn thin-crust pizzas and only __8__ toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? __9__ studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no __10__ evidence that it causes cancer in humans. Scientists say the compound is "__11__ to be carcinogenic" but have no hard scientific proof. __12__ the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is __13__ to follow the FSA advice. __14__, it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a __15__. Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be __16__ up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? __17__, the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods __18__, but to reduce their lifetime intake. However, their __19__ risks coming across as exhortation and nannying. Constant health scares just __20__ with no one listening. 1. A In B Towards C On D Till 2. A match B express C satisfy D influence 3. A patience B enjoyment C surprise D concern 4. A intensified B privileged C compelled D guaranteed 5. A issued B received C ignored D canceled 6. A under B at C for D by 7. A forget B regret C finish D avoid 8. A partially B regularly C easily D initially 9. A Unless B Since C If D While 10. A secondary B external C inconclusive D negative 11. A insufficient B bound C likely D slow 12. A On the basis of B At the cost of C In addition to D In contrast to 13. A interesting B advisable C urgent D fortunate 14. A As usual B In particular C By definition D After all 15. A resemblance B combination C connection D pattern 16. A made B served C saved D used 17. A To be fair B For instance C To be brief D in general 18. A reluctantly B entirely C gradually D carefully 19. A promise B experience C campaign D competition 20. A follow up B pick up C open up D end up 解析:

英语:逻辑关系词汇总结

考研英语的复习重在基础,而最基础的莫过于单词部分了,相同的考研英语阅读也重在素材的积累,而词汇和短语更是素材积累的基础,考研英语大纲也不能全面的覆盖词汇和短语。下面整理总结了2018考研英语常见的八种逻辑关系词汇,大家抓紧马住! 常见的八种逻辑关系不论是阅读、完型还是作文,逻辑关系词的用法都无比重要。 1、并列关系:and, and also, or, neither…nor, either…or,likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way,that is to say, as well as, same…as; 2、递进关系:then, also, besides, additionally, furthermore,moreover, in addition, what is more, indeed,even; 3、因果关系:because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore,so, so (such) … that, so that, consequently,accordingly, according to, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, in response to/with, for this reason, lead to,too…to, with; 4、转折关系:but, however, yet, on the contrary, in fact,by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately,while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of,contrary to; 5、让步关系:although, though, even though, even if,nevertheless, despite, in spite of; 6、列举关系:first-second-last of all, first-then,to begin with-to continue/next,on one hand-on the other hand,for one thing-for another thing,one-another, some-others-still others; 7、举例关系:such as, for example, for instance,of these/those/them, say,among these/those/them,to illustrate, as an illustration,to take an example,more specifically speaking, namely; 8、总结关系:in all, in brief, in short, in a word, in general,in conclusion, altogether, to sum up,to summarize, to conclude, to generalize,to put it in one word, above all.

英语近义词辨析

英语近义词辨析 万学海文 《2010年考研英语考试大纲解析》中明确指出:“考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇及相关词组。除掌握词汇的基本含义外,考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系,如同义词、近义词、反义词等;掌握词汇之间的搭配关系,如动词与介词,形容词与介词,形容词与名词等”;掌握词汇生成的基本知识,如词源、词根、词缀等。由此可见,同学们在复习单词时,不仅要记词更要学会去辨析,尤其对相似易混词汇应进行重点攻克。 为了方便同学们的单词归纳复习,万学海文英语教研中心现对常见近义词进行归纳讲解。 1、blunder, error, mistake这一组词都表示"错误"。 blunder n. (因为无知、疏忽犯下的)大错,愚蠢的错误。 I think that I committed a blunder in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.这位女士由于我的问题感到很难过,我感觉到犯了一个大错。 error n.指判断、计算或行为上的错误,也指智力或道义上的错误。 The accident was the result of human error.这事故是人为的错误造成的。 mistake n.误会,误解;(粗心、遗忘所导致的)错误。 I took your bag instead of mine by mistake.我错拿了你的手提包。 2、brittle, fragile, frail, crisp, invalid都有"弱"的意思。 brittle a.易碎的,易损坏的,通常是指坚硬的东西。 The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.老年人的骨头变得脆弱,很容易骨折。 fragile a.常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西,也引申为体弱的,虚弱的。 He 's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.他参加了昨晚的聚会以后,现在感觉有些虚弱。 frail a. (指人)体弱的,虚弱的,也可以指东西易碎的。 His mother has grown old and frail.他母亲已经年老体弱。 crisp a.指食品的松脆;清新的,爽快的;活跃的,有生气的,干净利落的。crisp biscuit 松脆的饼干 The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teacher's question.学生干净利落地回答了老师的问题。 invalid a.不正确的,缺乏证据的;无效的,作废的。作名词时,表示病弱者,伤残者,久病者。 Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.你关于最早的人类的观点很有意思,但是缺乏证据。 A bad car accident made him an invalid.一次严重的车祸使他变成了残疾。

考研英语阅读同义单词替换汇总

考研英语阅读同义单词替换汇总 在阅读中有表示“地位”的同义词:status, rank 在阅读中有表示“偏见”的同义词:bias, prejudice, discrimination, inequality 在阅读中有表示“组成”的同义表达:constitute, be made from/of, include, consist of 在阅读中有表示“导致”的同义词:result in, cause, lead to 在阅读中有表示“发行”的同义词:issue, release, distribute, launch 在阅读中有表示“授予”的同义词:grant, award 在阅读中有表示“结果”的同义词:result, consequent, outcome, turn out to 在阅读中有表示“交易”的同义词:deal, trade, exchange, transaction 在阅读中有表示“能力”的同义词:ability, capability, potential, power 在阅读中有表示“结束”的同义词:fulfill, finish, accomplish, carryout, achieve, complete 在阅读中有表示“语言”的同义词:verbally, language, words, lingual 在阅读中有表示“精确”的同义词:accuracy, precision 在阅读中有表示“以前”的同义词:previous, former, latter, prior to 在阅读中有表示“加强,促进”的同义词:promote, facilitate, enhance, reinforce 在阅读中有表示“前景,未来”的同义词:prospect, future, expectation, outlook 在阅读中有表示“顾客”的同义词:customer, client, consumer, guest 在阅读中有表示“暂停、延期”的同义词:suspend, phase back, put off, stop, postpone, delayed

完形填空十类常见逻辑关系词

根据对总结历年真题的总结发现,完型填空中的逻辑关系词总共有十大类。 第一:并列关系。并列关系是比较简单的一种逻辑关系词。 常考的标志词:and, and or so, not only…but also, neither nor, that is to say. 我们看一个真题: 1996(41):They do not provide energy, ___do they construct or build and part of the body. [A]either [B]so [C]nor [D]never 观察一下这句话,有一个显著的特点是在横线后面的语序采用的是倒装语序,那么回忆一下语法中哪些情况可以引起句子倒装呢?肯定有否定词前置引起句子倒装。同时,在本句中,逗号之前的句子有否定词,因此,横线上选择的词汇必然要满足两个条件,第一可以前面的否定呼应,第二,可以引起句子倒装。所以,纵观四个选项,只有nor 满足两个条件,为正确答案。 第二:因果关系。因果关系词是比较容易判断的一种逻辑关系,前面叙述原因,后面叙述结果,反之亦然。但是,在历年考研完型填空中,经常出现广大考生不熟悉的词组,为了帮助考生辨认,我将这些短语列出如下:bec ause, for, so that, such… that , in order that, due to, thanks to, in response to , considering that. 考生看到这样的短语就要想到是因果关系,反过来,判断出上下句逻辑关系是因果,要能够从选项中选出这些短语。 第三:转折关系。常用逻辑连接词有but, yet, however, on the contrary, on the other hand.下面我们看一道真题。看看这样的问题我们应该怎样解决。 1996(50)Many people ,___,be lieve in being on the “safe side” and thus take extra vitamins. [A]nevertheless [B]therefore [C]moreover [D]meanwhile 我们看这道题的四个选项,就是让我们选择逻辑关系词,所以,我们首先要判断前后两句的逻辑关系。上文说“尽管获取过量的维生素对身体没有营养价值,但获得足够的维生素对人的生命是至关重要的”而这句表达的大概意思为很多人——为了安全起见,服用额外的维生素。从这两句话,我们可以感觉出来是转折关系。因此,纵观四个选项,只有A表示转折,为正确答案。 第四:让步关系。常用逻辑连接词有although, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of, regardless of, anyway, anyhow. 第五:递进关系。常用逻辑连接词有aslo, then, besides, in addition, furthermore, what’s more. 我们来看一道考研真题。 1994 The words used by the speaker may _44__ unfavorable reactions in the listener __45__ interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down. __46___, inaccurate or indefinite words may make _47____ difficult for the listener to understand the __48___ which is being transmitted to him. 46 [A]Moreover [B]However [C]Preliminarily [D]Unexpectedly 我们看这道题,第一段文字是在说词汇可能会导致听话人错误的理解。而46空格后面继续说用词不准确会怎么样。由此,我们可以看出,这两段之间的关系应该是递进,即进一步说明用词不当会带来的后果。A选项刚好是递进关系比较常见的逻辑关系词。A为正确选项。第六:列举顺序关系。常用逻辑词有first, then, on one hand, some…others…still others. 最后一个短语如果出现,各位考生需要能够辨认出这种形式。 第七:对比关系。常用逻辑词有while, whereas, as, rather…than, instead of. 在对比关系的句子中,前后两部分应该有明显的对比成分。 例如:2007年(12)____most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism ____ the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the _____ of other faiths. 46 [A]Since [B]If [C]Unless [D]While

考研英语逻辑关系词,代词,和文章结构词

1.五类逻辑关系(前三类常考为核心,后二类为非核心): 第一类逻辑关系词:转折,让步,对比(本质:不一致) (1). 转折,对比:however, but, nonetheless, nevertheless, yet*, though*, whereas*, while*, still*(但是), conversely, contrarily, contrary to, to the contrary, on the contrary, by contrast, in contrast, in comparison(相反地), compared with (与…相比), unlike(不像), excluding, save, except, except that, except for, other than, barring*, aside from*, apart from*(不包括) (2). 让步:even if, even though, despite, in spite of, granted that, granting that, albeit, notwithstanding, although, though*, whereas*, while*(尽管), (but) even so, (but) even now, (but) even then(尽管如此), regardless of, irrespective of, regardless, even*(即使) (3). 转折,让步,对比:while*(尽管,然而) (4). 对比:instead, instead of, rather than, prefer to(与其做…不如做…), either…or…(或者…或者…), neither…nor…(既不…也不…), other, anothe r(其它), some…,others…(一些…另一些…); some…most…(一些…大部分…);some…the remaining(一些…剩余的…); the former…the latter…(前者…后者…); on (the)one hand…on the other hand…; on (the) one side…on the other side…(一方面…另一方面…); some…others…still oth ers…(一些…另一些…再一些…); against (相对) 类逻辑词: no, not, without, hardly, rarely, seldom, barely, scarcely, less(否定功能), stop, cease(停止), firstly, at first, previously(曾经), in effect, in fact, as a matter of fact, actually(其实), oppose, against(反对), comparison, contrast(对比), interestingly(有趣的是), ironically(讽刺的是), (un)fortunately(不幸的是), than(比较级), anyway, anyhow(无论如何,不顾), 第二类逻辑关系词:并列,递进,举例(本质:一致) 并列:and(和), or(或者), also, as well as, as well, too(也),equally, similarly, alike, likewise, similar to(与…相似), consistent with, parallel with(与…一致), aside from*, apart from*, besides, including(包括), still*(仍然), according to(根据), as*, like*, as if, as though(像,如), the way(按…的方式), as usual(像通常那样) 递进:furthermore, moreover, additionally, in addition, in addition to, what’s more(并且), above all(最重要的是), indeed(的确), even*(甚至), not on ly…but (also)…not simply…but (also)(不仅…而且…), more importantly, more significantly(更重要的是), still*, yet*, even*(更,后加比较级) 举例总分:for example, for instance, such as, like*(例如), of, among, in, between(在这些当中…) 举例分总:on the whole, in short, in brief, in conclusion, in summary, in a word, in a nutshell, to conclude, to sum up, all in all, generally, in general, overall, over all(总而言之), eventually, finally, lastly, at last(最终) 举例的分:firstly, at first, first and foremost, in the first place, to begin with, to start with(第一), secondly, in the second place, in the meanwhile*, meanwhile*, simultaneously* (与此同时) , then*(然后), 递进词(第二), thirdly(第三)… 类逻辑词: 并列:“,”, “;” ,“—” ,“()” , namely, viz., that is, or rather, in other words, put another way(即), this/it mean, this/it refer to, this/it signify, this/it suggest, this/it imply, this/it indicate, this/it conveys, this/it infer, this/it demonstrate, this/it show, this/it illustrate, this/it display, this/ it manifest, this/ it depict, this/it boil down to…(这意味着, 这指的是), call sth. sth., regard sth. sth. (宾语补足语), 同位语, 同位语从句, same(相同), again, once more(再次), still*(仍然,用于肯定

考研英语同义词

考研同义近形词归纳: 一.名词中同义词、近形词部分归纳1.表示“能力”意思的词语:Ability, capability,competency,faculty,capacity, gift,talent 2.表示“目的、目标”意思的词语:Aim, purpose,aim,intent,intention,goal,end 3.表示“关系、联系”意思的词语:Ties, bonds,links,connection,association, relations,combination,relationship, interrelations,relevance 4.表示“差别”意思的词语:Difference, distinction,differentiation 5.表示“资本、资金”意思的词语:Capital,fund,money,relief 6.表示“个人”意思的词语:Person, people,folks,individuals,man,human being 7.表示“意义、含义”意思的词语:Meaning, significance,implication,connotation 8.表示“部分、成分”意思的词语:Part,element, ingredient,component,factor,segment 9.表示“不平等、歧视”意思的词语:Inequality,bias, prejudice,discrimination 10.表示“对手、支持者”意思的词语:Opponent, rivals,proponent,advocates 11.表示“商品”意思的词语:Commodity,goods 12.表示“将来”意思的词语:Future,prospect 13.表示“理由”意思的词语:Reason,ground,cause 14.表示“后代、子孙”意思的词语:Offspring, descendant,posterity,children 15.表示“补充”意思的词语:Complement, supplement,append 16.表示与“树木”有关的词语:Bush,shrub ,jungle 17.表示“边界”意思的词语:Boundary, border,frontier,verge 18.表示“错误”意思的词语:Blunder, error,mistake,fault 19.表示“基础”意思的词语:Basis, foundation,ground 20.表示“会议”意思的词语:Assembly, conference,congress,seminar,session, summit,symposium,meeting,gathering, party 21.表示“区域”意思的词语:Area,district,region, vicinity,zone 22.表示“成就”意思的词语:Accomplishment, attainment,achievement,success 23.表示“要点、摘要”意思的词语:abstract,digest, outline,summary 24.表示“程度”意思的词语:to the degree,to some extent 25.表示“生气”意思的词语:Anger,fury, indignation,resentment,hate,hatred

考研英语逻辑连接词汇总

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abandon, desert, forsake, leave, give up 这些动词或词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意。 ability, capacity, capability, genius, talent, competence, faculty, gift, aptitude 这些名词均可表示人的“能力,才能”之意。able, capable, competent 这些形容词均含有“有能力的,能干的”之意。 abolish, cancel, repeal 这些动词均含“取消、废除”之意。 about, around, round 这些词均有“在周围、在附近”之意。 above, on, over 这些前置词均含“在……上”之意。 absorb, suck, digest, incorporate 这些动词均有“吸收”之意。 absurd, ridiculous 这两个形容词均含有“荒谬的”之意。 abundant, plentiful, ample 这些形容词均有“充分的、丰富的”之意。 accept, receive, admit, take 这些动词均有“接受、接纳”之意。 accident, incident, event, occurrence, happening 这些名词均有“事故、事件”之意。

accordingly, consequently, hence, so, therefore, thus 这些连接副词均有“因此,所以”之意。account, report 这两个名词的有“报道,叙述”之意。 accumulate, amass, collect, gather, heap, pile 这些动词均含“积聚,聚集,积累”之意。accurate, exact, precise, right, true, correct 这些形容词均含“准确的,正确的”之意。accuse, charge 这两个动词均有“指控、谴责”之意。 ache, pain, sore 这些名词均含有“疼、疼痛”之意。 acknowledge, admit, confess, recognize, concede 这些动词均含“承认”之意。 acquire, obtain, gain, get, win, earn, secure 这些动词均含“获得、取得、得到”之意。 across, along, over, through 这些前置词均有“横过、穿过”之意。

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