英美文化选择题
英美国情选择题美国部分
Unit3 America Beginning
1.Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the
American Revolution?
A.The American has the mixed blood of Europeans or their
descendants.
B.The American had the mixed blood of Europeans with American
Indians.
C.The American had the mixed blood of Europeans with black,
D.The American had the blood of the English and their descendants
only, 子孙，后裔
2.Which of the following was not one of the three forces that led to the
modern development of Europe?
A.The growth of capitalism 资本主义
B.The Renaissance 文艺复兴
C.The Religious Reformation 宗教改革
D.The spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.
3.The following were the main Reformation leaders except__
A.Martin Luther 马丁路德
B.Martin Luther King
C.John Calvin约翰·加尔文
D.The English King Henry VIII 亨利八世
4.The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism
except__ 新教教徒新教，耶稣教，基督教
A.Challenging the authority of the Pope 罗马教皇
B.Salvation through faith
C.Salvation through church
D.Establishing a direct contact with God
5.Which of the following American values did not come from Puritanism?
A.Separation of state and church
B.Respect of education
C.Intolerant moralism
D.A sense of mission
6.Lord Baltimore’s feudal plan failed Not because__
A.There were more Protestant than Catholic in Maryland
B.The wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible
C.There was plenty of land while labor was scarce 缺乏的
D.The English King did not the like the plan
7.The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic
except__
A.George Washington
B.Thomas Jefferson
C.William Penn
D.Benjamin Franklin
8.The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated
mainly from__ D. John Locke
9.Which of the following was not a denomination of Protestantism? 教派
A.Catholics
B.Puritans
C.Quakers
D.Church of England
10.“No taxation without representation”was the rallying cry of __ D.
the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution
Unit 4 The Political System in the United States
1.Which of the following statements is Not correct? When the War of
Independence was over,
A.Each new state had its own government
B.Each new state made its own laws and handled all of its internal
affairs.
C.The national government was called the Congress with little power
D.The relationships between the states and the national government
were clearly defined.
2.According to the author, the Articles of Confederation failed because of
the following reasons, which is not true?
A.the new states did not cooperate with the Congress or with each
other.
B.Some new states wanted to be from the Union
C.The Congress could not raise money to pay the national army and to
pay debts owed to France and other nations.
D.The Congress had no power to tax any citizen.
3.Which of the following state refused to participate in the Constitution
Convention? 宪法会议
A.Virginia
B.Rhode Island
C.New York
D.Maryland
4.Which of the following statements is NOT correct?When the
Constitution was written,
A.There was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution
B.There was no Bill of Rights
C.The Constitution did not have any words guaranteeing the freedoms
or the basic rights and privileges of citizens,
D.A “ Bill of Rights” was added to the Constitution 4 years after the
Constitution was made.
5.Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws,
and levy federal tax? B. The legislative 立法权
6.Which of the following is not a power of the president?
A.The president can veto any bill passed by Congress
B.The president has the authority to appoint federal judges when
vacancies occur.
C.The president can make laws.
D.The president had broad powers, with the executive branch, to issue
regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal departments. 执行
7.The Bill of Rights consist of __ C. 10 amendments added to the
Constitution in 1791
8.Which of the following is not guarantee in the Bill of Rights?
A.The freedom of religion
B.The freedom of searching a person’s home by police
C.The freedom of speech and of the press
D.The right to own weapons if one wishes
9.The following were NOT written into the Constitution in 1787 except__
A.The Bill of Rights
B.The judicial review
C.The political party system
D.The power of the president
10.The New Deal was started by __ A. Franklin Roosevelt 罗斯福新政Unit 5 American Economy
1.The first factory in the United State was a cotton textile mill in
Pawtucket, in the state of __ B. Rhode Island
2.The “American system” of mass production was first used in __ C.
textile industry 纺织业
3.The United States had the first standard paper currency货币in __C.
1863
4.In which year was the United States rated No.1 in terms of production
capacity in the world? C. 1945
5.Which of the following is NOT considered as part of the service
industry?
A.Banking
B.Management consultation 咨询
C.Airline
D.steelmaking
the size of population.
7.The United States produces as much as half of the world’s __D.
soybean s and corn 大豆
8.Which of the following is generally considered as an important
institutional制度的factor that contributed to the success of American business and industry?
https://www.360docs.net/doc/ee15855596.html,issez-faire自由放任
B.Bountiful resources 丰富的资源
C.Vast dimensions 大规模
D.Entrepreneurial spirit 创业者的，企业家的
9.Who has extolled the virtues of famers? A. Thomas Jefferson
10.The latest technology that farmers have adopted is __D. computers
Unit 6 Religion in the United States
1.Which of the following was NOT a Protestant denomination? 宗教
A.The Baptists
B.The Catholics
C.The Methodists
D.The Presbyterians.
2.Which of the following is unconstitutional in the United Stated?
A.Catholics can build their own schools and hospitals
B.Non-Catholics can go to Catholic-run schools.
C.Public money is provided to support religious schools
D.Women have the right to abortion
3.Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the three basic
religious beliefs?
A.Protestant
B.Catholic
C.Islamic 伊斯兰教
D.Judaism犹太教
4.Which of the following is true?
A.Many Catholics are not opposed to abbortion
B.Many evangelical Protestants do not object to abortion.
C.Orthodox Jews are for abortion
D.Liberal Protestants and Jews join non-believes in maintaining that
abortion is a basic right for women.
5.Which of the following continues to have an all-made clergy?
A.The Catholic Church
B.The Protestant Episcopal Church
C.The United Methodist Church.
D.Jewish Congregations
6.Which of the following features is NOT distinctively American?
A.Various religious groups have coexisted in the US more harmoniously
than Europe.
B.Scientific and economic advance and material prosperity have not
been accompanied by a decline in religious faith.
C.There has been little concentration on doctrine or religious argument
in the US
D.There has been very much concentration on doctrine or religious
argument in the US.
7.In the United States, people go to church mainly for the following
reasons
except for __
A.Finding a job in society
B.Having a place in a community
C.Identifying themselves with dominant values
D.Getting together with friends
8.Which of the following statements is NOT correct according to the
author?
A.American mainstream culture is based on Protestantism
B.Protestant church is an established church by law in the US
C.The Catholic Church is the largest single religious group in the US
D.The largest church is of the Protestant faith in the US
Unit 8 Education in the United States
1.Which of the following subjects are NOT offered to elementary school
students?
A.Mathematics and languages
B.Politics and business education
C.Science and social studies
D.Music and physical education
2.The expenditure经费in American public school is guided or decided by
___ D. broads of education
3.In the United States school systems, which of the following divisions is
true? C. Elementary school, secondary school
4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in American higher
education?
A.Universities and college
B.Research institutions
C.Technical institutions
D.Undergraduate institutions
5.Three of the following factors have contributed to the flourishing of
large universities in America, which is the exception?
https://www.360docs.net/doc/ee15855596.html,rge universities offer the best libraries and facilities for scientific
research
https://www.360docs.net/doc/ee15855596.html,rge universities provide student with “mainframe” computers
https://www.360docs.net/doc/ee15855596.html,rge universities offer scholarships to all students
https://www.360docs.net/doc/ee15855596.html,rge universities attract students with modern laboratories
6.Nearly all students want to get into more desirable institutions
because____ A. they find it easy for them to get jobs after graduated from one of them
7.In order to go to university, secondary school students must meet the
following requirements except that___
A.They have high school records and recommendations from their
teachers
英美文化概况之英国篇
英美文化概况之英国篇 英国早期人文历史常识 （一） 英国东邻北海，西、北面对大西洋，南面是英吉利海峡（the English Channel），与法国隔海相望。 地理上，这里被称为“不列颠群岛”（British Isles），由大不列颠岛（Great Britain）和爱尔兰岛（Ireland）这两大岛屿，以及其它几百个小岛组成。 大不列颠岛上分布着英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士（England,Scotland and Wales）三个区域，而爱尔兰岛则分成北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国（Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland）两块。 政治上，大不列颠和北爱尔兰共同组成联合王国（the United Kingdom），而爱尔兰共和国则是独立于联合王国而存在的独立的国家。我们通常所说的英国，则是指联合王国。 联合王国的首都是伦敦（London）；而爱尔兰共和国的首都是都柏林（Dublin）。 大不列颠岛在政治上被划分成英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士三个区域，其中英格兰面积最大、人口最多，总的来说也最为富裕。因此很多人通常会用“英格兰人”（English）指代“不列颠人”（British），这点当然会引起苏格兰人和威尔士人（Scots and Welsh）的不满。不列颠在大约一百年前曾统治着世界上四分之一的人口和土地，其殖民地遍布全球各大洲。二战之后，随着不列颠国力衰退，各殖民地纷纷独立，不列颠帝国（the British Empire）在1931年起被英联邦所取代。
英联邦（the Commonwealth of Nations）是由英国和已经独立的前英国殖民地或附 属国组成的联合体。英国作为英联邦元首并无政治实权；各国在一定协议上相互进行政治、主要是经济方面的磋商和合作；各成员国也有权利选择退出英联邦。 （二） 英国地势西北高、东南低。其西北地区主要地形是高原；而东部和东南部则主要是低地，他们是整个欧洲平原（the Great European Plain）的组成部分。 英格兰占据了大不列颠南面的最大部分土地，那里地势平缓，多为平原、丘陵和沼泽地。特别是英格兰东部沿海地区，土地肥沃，适于耕种。 苏格兰多为山地、湖泊和岛屿，它拥有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地以及南部山陵。不列颠最高峰尼维斯峰（Ben Nevis）便座落于此，高1,343米。威尔士亦是多山地区，6%的土地被森林覆盖，大部分村庄以放牧为主。 北爱尔兰北部为多岩石、荒蛮的海岸，曲折蜿蜒。其东北部多为高地，东南部为山区，而中部则是低浅的盆地。 不列颠是个岛屿国家，四面环海，它隔着英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆遥遥相望。位处英法两国之间的英吉利海峡最窄之处被称作多佛海峡（Straits of Dover），仅有33公里宽度。1985年英国政府和法国政府决定在多佛海峡处修建海峡隧道。 总长153公里的隧道于1994年五月竣工通车，使得欧洲公路网得以连成一体，被誉为人类工程史上的一个伟业。 英国河流分布细密。塞文河（the Severn）是英国第一大河流，长338公里，它同西
初中英语英美文化中英美文化常识素材【word版】.doc
About American 1.What is the full name of America? The United States of America 2 How many states are there in the United States? Fifty states 3 What is the capital of the USA Washington D.C. 4 Where is the Stature of Liberty? In New York 5 Where does the American president live ? In the white house About Britain 1 What does UK stand for ? The United Kingdom 2 What us the full name of the UK? The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 3What are the four parts of the UK? England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. 4In which continent is the UK situated? In Europe. 5 By which channel is the UK separated The English Channel About China 1.How many ethnic groups are there in China? 56 2.In which continent is China located In Asia 3. what are the four great inventions in ancient China? Paper-making, printing, gunpowder, and the compass 4. What is the largest island in China? Taiwan Island 5. When was the people’s Republic of China founded?
英美文化复习范围
英美文化考试范围（加强版） 题型 一、选择题55分二、填空题15分三、简答题 20分（4问）四、问答题 10分（2选1）具体范围 一、选择题第1、3、5、10章课后选择题 补充：Unit 1 1. The ancestors of the Welsh are ___A__. A. the Celts B. the Romans C. the Angles D. the Normans 2. Which of the following is not one of the three Germanic tribes that came to be the basis of modern English race?A A. the Viking Danes B. the Angles C. the Saxons D. the Jutes 3. The historical Arthur is believed by most historians as a _A__ warrior. A. Celtic B Anglo C Saxon D Norman 4. For much of the Middle Ages, Britain was ruled by a(n) ___B___-speaking aristocracy. A. English B. French C. German D. Gaelic Unit 2 1. One of the following took place during the Elizabethan age:B A. the making of the Magna Carta B. the defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English navy C. the rule of Alfred the Great D. the defeat of King Harold by France 2. In England, the monarch, D , declared that the Pope was no longer head of the Church of England. A. Bloody Mary C. King Henry V B. Queen Elizabeth I. D. King Henry VIII 3. Three of the following were characteristics of the Elizabethan age. Which of the four is the exception? A A. Queen Elizabeth advocated the Divine Right and quarreled with Parliament. B. Protestantism gradually became the dominant faith. C. This was the age of literature when Shakespeare lived and when English literature blossomed. D. This was the age of adventure on the sea. 4. Victorianism was characterized by the following except D A. It was in an age of imperialism B. It saw the great progress in sciences with Charles Darwin as a prominent figure. C. It was the age when the great progress was made in the field of communications. D. It was an age when the Battle of Hastings was won by the Duke of Wellington. Unit5 21. Which of the following states is called “the Old Colony State”? B A. Pennsylvania B. Massachusetts C. Delaware D. Georgia 22. The term “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _____C_____.
英美文化知识小点总结
Historic events 一)Hundred Years’ war 百年战争 It was a series of separate conflicts between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France and their various allies for control of the French throne, which had become vacant upon the extinction of the senior Capetian line of French kings. Time: From1337 to 1543 The war is commonly divided into three or four phases, separated by various unsuccessful truces: ①the Edwardian War (1337–1360); ②the Caroline War (1369–1389); ③the Lancastrian War (1415–1453); Cause: The background to the conflict is to be found in 1066, when William, Duke of Normandy, led an invasion of England. He defeated the English King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, and had himself crowned King of England. As Duke of Normandy, he remained a vassal of the French King, and was required to swear fealty to the latter for his lands in France; for a king to swear fealty to another king was considered humiliating, and the Norman Kings of England generally attempted to avoid the service. On the French side, the Capetian monarchs resented a neighboring king holding lands within their own realm, and sought to neutralize the threat England now posed to France The King of England directly ruled more territory on the continent than did the King of France himself. This situation – in which the kings of England owed vassalage to a ruler who was de facto much weaker – was a cause of continual conflict. John of England inherited this great estate from King Richard I. However, Philip II of France acted decisively to exploit the weaknesses of King John, both legally and militarily, and by 1204 had succeeded in wresting control of most of the ancient territorial possessions. Significance: The Hundred Years' War was a time of military evolution. Weapons, tactics, army structure, and the societal meaning of war all changed, partly in response to the demands of the war, partly through advancement in technology, and partly through lessons that warfare taught. The war also stimulated nationalistic sentiment. It devastated France as a land, but it also awakened French nationalism. The Hundred Years' War accelerated the process of transforming France from a feudal monarchy to a centralized state. The conflict became one of not just English and French kings but one between the English and French peoples. There were constant rumours in England that the French meant to invade and destroy the English language. National feeling that emerged out of such rumours unified both France and England further. The Hundred Years War basically confirmed the fall of the French language in England, which had served as the language of the ruling classes and commerce there from the time of the Norman Conquest until 1362 Important Figures: England King Edward III 1327–1377 Edward II's son
英美文化 (英国部分答案)
(判断题) Chapter 1 1. People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. (F) 2. The Severn River is the longest river of Britain, which originates in Wales and flows through western England.(T) 3. Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language. (F) 4. In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part of Britain.(F) 5. Although the climate in Britain is generally mild, the temperature in northern Scotland often falls below -10℃ in January . (F) 6. The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.(T) 7. The Celtic people were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T) 8. English evolved into what is now described as Modern English from the late 16th century.(F) Chapter 2 1. British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T) 2. The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain in the 5th century.(T) 3. The chief or king of the Anglo-Saxons tribes exercised power at their own will. (F) 4. The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T) 5. HenryⅡ built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T) 6. The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F) 7. The Hundred Years’War (1337-1453) was a series of wars fought between the British and the Vikings for trade and territory.(F) 8. In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, Queen ElizabethⅠactually defended the fruit of the Reformation.(T) Chapter 3 1. Conventions are regarded less important than the statutory law in the working of the British government.(T) 2. The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F) 3. In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F) 4. The British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F) 5. The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F) 6. The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T) 7. Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F) 8. The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(T) Chapter 4 1. British was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T) 2. The British economy experienced a relative decline during the post-war period.(T) 3. Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain after World WarⅡ.(F)
英美文化小常识
英美文化小常识 01、英美姓名常识 姓名是社会成员的符号或标记。英美人的姓名是名在前，姓在后，过去人们在翻译外国人姓名时，为了迁就中国人的习惯，有时候把英美人的姓名也写成姓在前，名在后。如，Bernard Shaw，译成“肖·伯纳”实则是没有必要，现在多译成“伯纳·肖”，这就比较符合英美人的表达习惯。 02、英美礼仪 美国人请客：美国人喜欢在家里款待客人（guest）而不是在餐馆（restaurant）里。 美国人想请客吃饭，一般要事先与客人协商好，安排好时间（when）和地点（where）。 美国人在家里请客多半不拘礼节，一般采用家庭式，即一盘盘的食品一个人一个人地递过来，或者由坐在餐桌两端的主人（host）或女主人（hostess）给客人端上饭菜，全家大小和客人一起吃，一般是妻子（wife）做菜（dish），丈夫调鸡尾酒（cocktail）。如果因宗教或其他原因，有些饭菜不能吃，客人可将其留在盘子里，或事先对主人说明哪些东西不能吃。 03、英美人“手势语”种种 在人类的语言交流中，手语是必不可少的手段之一，作为“无声语言”的手语，其表意比重约为百分之21，因此，请正确运用
手语。 （1）在美国，如你站在公路边跷起大拇指，则表示要求搭车。（2）如在交谈中两手摊开，一耸肩，伴有一声“嗯呵”，则表示无可奈何的意思。 （3）中国人在对外交往中，最容易让人反感的动作之一就是说话不经意地用食指指着对方，其实，这个动作一来不雅观，二来对欧美国家的人来说相当不礼貌。原来这是一种非礼貌的责骂，数落别人的动作。 (4)用大拇指和食指围成一个圆圈，这个手势早已家喻户晓，它的意思是OK好的，而竖起食指和中指形成个“V”字形，意思则是“胜利”（victory）。 (5) 用手伸向被唤者，手心向上，握拳并伸出食指前后摇动，表示叫对方过来。 （6）把左掌心放在胸前，身体略前倾，表示真诚。 04、西方人交往“七不问” （1）年龄：西方人大都把希望自己在对方眼中显得年轻，对自己的实际年龄讳莫如深，妇女更是如此，她们过了24后就再也不会告诉他人自己的年龄了。 （2）婚姻：西方人认为婚姻纯属个人隐私，向他人询问时不礼貌的。若是向异性打听婚否，则有对方关心过甚之嫌。 （3）收入：西方人将此视为个人脸面，因此它与个人的能力和地位有关。不仅收入不宜谈论，住宅、财产、服饰等体现个人状
英美文化选择题
英美国情选择题美国部分 Unit3 America Beginning 1.Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the American Revolution? A.The American has the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants. B.The American had the mixed blood of Europeans with American Indians. C.The American had the mixed blood of Europeans with black, D.The American had the blood of the English and their descendants only, 子孙，后裔 2.Which of the following was not one of the three forces that led to the modern development of Europe? A.The growth of capitalism资本主义 B.The Renaissance 文艺复兴 C.The Religious Reformation 宗教改革 D.The spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church. 3.The following were the main Reformation leaders except__ A.Martin Luther马丁路德 B.Martin Luther King C.John Calvin约翰·加尔文
小学英语课外拓展 英美文化常识
英美文化知识素养答题题库 英美文化知识素养答题题库 1 单项选择题： 美国由___________个州组成。 A. 48 B. 49 C. 50 D. 51 答案 C 2 单项选择题： 人有绰号，城市有绰号，有趣的是，有的国家也有绰号，如美国的绰号是_____，英国的绰号是_____ A Aunt Sam, Uncle John B New Continent, Great Britain C Washington, Elizabeth D Uncle Sam, John Bull 答案D 3 单项选择题： 在英美国家，人们通常将“体力劳动者”称为_____workers ，把“脑力劳动者”称为_____workers，而把“服务、维修等行业的人们”称为_____workers。 A blue, green, white B blue, white, grey. C black, blue, green D white, blue, black 答案 B 4 单项选择题： 在美国土生土长的传统节日是_____________。 A. 复活节 B. 感恩节 C. 圣诞节 D. 中秋节 答案B 5 单项选择题： 有这样一则笑话：有一次一个外宾对翻译说：“I wonder if I can go somewhere?”翻译回答道“Yes, you can go anywhere in China.”外宾不禁愕然。你知道这位翻译的问题出在哪里了吗？ A 外宾的意思是他想马上离开。 B 外宾的意思是他要上厕所。 C外宾的意思是他想随便走走。 D外宾的意思是想休息一下。 答案B 6 单项选择题： 当你给一位英国朋友写信时，你若在写完信之后突然想起来还要补充点什么，此时你通常在补充的内容前加上_____这两个字母。 A P,S B OT C C, D D B,C 答案 A 7 单项选择题： 中国人喜欢说“自己动手，丰衣足食”，英美人也有类似的喜好，他们称之为______。
英美文化选择
1. The British Isles are situated in the ___ of Europe. A) northwest 2. The highland zone is an area of high hills and mountains in the ___ and ___ of Britain. B) north ; west 3. The ___is sometimes called the backbone of England. D) Pennine Chain 4. The ___River is the longest river in Britain. D) Severn 5. ___ in Northern Ireland is the largest lake in the United Kingdom. A) Lough Neagh 1. The seven Conurbations in Britain contain ___ of the population of the country. B) one-third 2. The English people are descendants of ___. C) Anglo-Saxons 3. Middle English took shape about a century after the ___ Conquest. C) Norman 4. London dialect was once disseminated throughout the country NOT because London was a ___ center. D) linguistic 5. Scotland has had a separate ____ system. A)legal 1. Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a ___ system. B) two-party 2. In Britain, the parliament general election is held every ___ years. C) five 3. The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and ___. D) a belief in individual 4. The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it ___. A) set up the National Health Service 5. Other countries have “citizens”. But in Britain people are legally described as ___ B) subject 6. Elizabeth Ⅱ succeeded to the throne in ___ B) 1952 7. Which of the followings is not RIGHT to describe the Prime Minister D) The head of the country 8. The third largest political party in Britain is the ___ B) Liberal Party 1. The British economy achieved dominance by the ___ C) 1880s 2. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the UK economy C) There has been a period of steady decreasing of living standards.
考研英语必知 英美文化
英国早期人文历史常识 （一） 英国东邻北海，西、北面对大西洋，南面是英吉利海峡（the English Channel），与法国隔海相望。 地理上，这里被称为“不列颠群岛”（British Isles），由大不列颠岛（Great Britain）和爱尔兰岛（Ireland）这两大岛屿，以及其它几百个小岛组成。 大不列颠岛上分布着英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士（England,Scotland and Wales）三个区域，而爱尔兰岛则分成北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国（Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland）两块。 政治上，大不列颠和北爱尔兰共同组成联合王国（the United Kingdom），而爱尔兰共和国则是独立于联合王国而存在的独立的国家。我们通常所说的英国，则是指联合王国。 联合王国的首都是伦敦（London）；而爱尔兰共和国的首都是都柏林（Dublin）。 大不列颠岛在政治上被划分成英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士三个区域，其中英格兰面积最大、人口最多，总的来说也最为富裕。因此很多人通常会用“英格兰人”（English）指代“不列颠人”（British），这点当然会引起苏格兰人和威尔士人（Scots and Welsh）的不满。 不列颠在大约一百年前曾统治着世界上四分之一的人口和土地，其殖民地遍布全球各大洲。二战之后，随着不列颠国力衰退，各殖民地纷纷独立，不列颠帝国（the British Empire）在1931年起被英联邦所取代。 英联邦（the Commonwealth of Nations）是由英国和已经独立的前英国殖民地或附属国组成的联合体。英国作为英联邦元首并无政治实权；各国在一定协议上相互进行政治、主要是经济方面的磋商和合作；各成员国也有权利选择退出英联邦。 （二） 英国地势西北高、东南低。其西北地区主要地形是高原；而东部和东南部则主要是低地，他们是整个欧洲平原（the Great European Plain）的组成部分。
英美文化背景 我所了解的英美文化小常识
我所了解的英美文化小常识：如何付小费 在美国付小费是个经常会遇到的问题，而且它有一约定俗成的习惯，最好能做到入境问俗，如果您不知其中的“秘密”，也许会让您陷入意想不到的尴尬，甚至会出丑。 凡是搭计程车、到餐厅吃饭、服务生或机场人员代提行李等，都是须给小费的。一般情况下，付给出租汽车司机的小费大约是全程路费的10—15％；付给搬运工的是每提一个箱子1美元；理发、美容的小费为理发、美容费的10—15％；给为你代泊车、取车的服务人员每次是一美元；到餐厅吃饭，付小费约为10%—15%；而住旅馆如不是三星级以上的，一般每天出门前放在桌上一美元即可，三星级以上则要数美元或更多。 然而并不是对任何为你服务的人都要付小费。美国的政府公务人员、警察、公司职员、旅馆服务台、公共汽车司机、电影院引座员、空中小姐、商场营业员、加油站的管理员是不收小费的。如果去自助餐厅、快餐店等自选饭菜的地方用餐也不用付小费。另外，在柜台式餐桌上用餐，小费可以少给，留下一两个25美分的硬币即可。若不清楚在什么情况下该给小费，宜事先询问友人。 在此了解的基础上，还要注意一些特殊的“风俗”。例如：晚间用餐小费需比白天多一些：切记千万不要以penny付小费，当penny丢在桌
上，尽管你付小费很多，很可能会被服务生误解为不满其服务，是一种羞辱的举止。因此除非服务实在是太差了，否则绝不可在小费中放置任何penny。当然若你以信用卡付帐。其实小费也是对服务品质的一种评估，有些服务生为了多赚小费会表现特别热心，不时殷勤询问。然而不必管服务生的眼色，你可依自己对该餐厅及该服务生的满意程度付小费，多给或少给没有人会干涉。在美国各种场合小费多如牛毛，如果你该出手时不出手，几乎寸步难行。上餐馆、旅行住店更是切不可忘记，否则遭人白眼不说，背后还要被诅咒祖宗三代；要不就是晚上回到房间里缺这少那，特别是卫生间里，“纸”到用时方恨少啊！在美国有一些情况，这小费你是不给也得给。一友人出差去美国，到了洛杉矶乘出租车进城，他问司机是否有计价表，司机点头称是，这才放心上车。坐好后，视线前方的一纸“告乘客”映入眼帘：“（1）计价表显示的车费中不含小费；（2）本司机没有5美元以下的零钱。”这前一条还好理解，提醒乘客“自愿”给小费，多多益善。然而这后一条却是明摆着要敲诈没有零钱的乘客，这“小费”您是不是不给也得给啊？还有一种情形，那就是强迫索取小费了。这种情况最常发生在大城市，因为游荡人囗太多，他们常驻足街囗，为你指点路线、擦车窗，或帮你找个停车位等略施小惠，然后等着你给小费。遇到这种强迫中奖的情形最好酌情给一、二个quarter。当然此时对于身边的财物也应小心，财不露外，以免招来危险。而平日最好能避开行为怪异的陌生人，如果一、二个quarter能了事，最好出钱了事，免得因招其纠缠而引起危险。顺便需要提醒的是，如果美国朋友请你吃“AA制”，一定要记住，餐费不但是分开各付各的，小费
英美文化选修课学习心得(1)
I am a non-English major freshman students, is the course of British and American culture, is in a better language learning ideas. I think that language is a part of culture, to learn a language, it is best to learn the language and related cultural background, because it can reflect the development of different customs and social history. Learning a language is not an isolated learning process. Any language is a language used in a certain region of a person in a certain context through the spoken or written language form of mutual communication and use. Therefore, in English teaching, we should not only teach the language knowledge, train the ability of using language, but also strengthen the relevant cultural background knowledge and permeability. If you do not, students will be frustrated in language communication. For example, some students to teachers cannot make an appointment in advance, which do not meet the English habit of communication. In the Anglo-American, friends and relatives, students find the teacher, doctor, patient travel to find a hotel, or even hair, dresses and so must make an appointment, just go in the consent of the other
99%的中国人会长期误解的英美文化知识
99% 的中国人会长期误解的英美文化知识 乱七八糟的都讲一点，是真正的杂谈，资料来源主要是英美人的宪法法律法规历史教材等等，为了阅读方便，前面不注明出处，最后会一一列出。 很多错误，历史来源已久，一般是翻译错误，尤其是因为翻译者的参考文献渠道不足。我能在这里纠正，主要是因为今天的电子资讯手段足够发达。 1. 美国的50 个“州”，应该翻译为50“国”，“美利坚合众国”应该翻译为“美利坚联合国”。这问题很复杂，后面慢慢谈。 2. 美利坚联合国是没有规定官方语言的。其他各国（州），有的有规定，有的没有。 英语只是事实上的通用语，因为使用的人最多；西班牙语是英语之后的第二大共同语，占全国人口12%，因为美国这片土地的最早征服者是西班牙人； 第三大共同语，是广东话，不是中国普通话，主要是移民文化决定的。在美国法庭认证的口译服务中，有广东话(Cantonese)、福建/闽南话(Fukienese)、台山话(Toisanese)、客家话(Hakkanese)、上海话(Shanghainese)，等等。目前为止，官方中文版以繁体字居多。 美国最早的建国业绩，应该从西班牙人开始算起，虽然当时他们对美洲本地人作恶多端。 3. NBA 中的费城76人队(Philadelphia 76ers)，不是指76 个队员，应该叫美国1776 年人队，或者叫76 年人队。 球队的英文名为Philadelphia 76ers。这只球队的组建，是为了纪念1776 年《独立宣言》在费城的签署，在英文中spirit of seventy-six 就是指1776 年的独立宣言精神，有一部电影就叫The Spirit of '76，也是指这段历史。英文的拼法，一般美国人是不会理解错误的，中文翻译为76 人，显然不恰当。 4. 其次谈谈美国的爱尔兰人。 英格兰、苏格兰、爱尔兰在历史上都曾经是彼此独立的国家。 跟中国不同，他们之间始终没有被彻底征服和消灭，其中奥妙就是里通外国，苏格兰和爱尔兰都打不过英格兰，不想被吞并，苏格兰请法国人帮忙，爱尔兰请西班牙人帮忙。 自十二世纪开始，爱尔兰只是名义上被英格兰统治。1558 年伊丽莎白登基，新教成为英格兰宗教主流，而爱尔兰跟西班牙一样信天主教。两种信仰之间的冲突加剧。不过，西班牙军队没有起到很大作用，最后，伊丽莎白的部队ruthlessly cracked down 了爱尔兰的起义。 当时很多英格兰士兵认为爱尔兰人是野蛮土著，这种观念一直持续到今天的英国和撒克逊美国人，就像上海人发明了一个“硬盘人”（外地人，拼写为WD，是西部数据硬盘的商标）。