朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》配套题库【课后习题】(澳大利亚的地理特征、怀有“梦创信仰”的民族)

第15章澳大利亚的地理特征、怀有“梦创信仰”的民族

Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):

1. The continent of Australia is the largest island in the world. _____

【答案】T

【解析】澳大利亚是世界上最大的岛屿。

2. Most of Australia’s unique plants and animals are imported from other continents. _____

【答案】F

【解析】澳大利亚独特的动植物是因为其大陆岛的地理特征逐渐演变而出现的。

3. The Great Barrier Reef goes along the eastern coast of Australia, from Queensland to T asmania. _____

【答案】F

【解析】大堡礁，位于昆士兰省东北部海洋中，北面从托雷斯海峡起，向南直到弗雷泽岛附近，沿澳大利亚东北海岸线绵延2000余千米。

4. Dreaming is shared by the members of an indigenous group about how the features of their land were created. _____

【答案】T

【解析】“梦创信仰”的重要原则是：生活在这片土地上的人对这片土地有着特殊的责任，人不拥有土地，而是土地拥有人。“梦创信仰”重视对土地的保护超过对土地的拥有权。

5. Dreaming helps the indigenous people to survive in the harsh environment of the desert of Australia. _____

【答案】T

【解析】梦创故事为人们应该如何生存，如何彼此交流提供一些指导原则，也提供了关于这片土地的详细信息，以便土著居民能够在恶劣的自然环境下生存下来。

6. White sealers and pastoralists exploited the indigenous people’s knowledge of the land and created wealth for the colonizers. _____

【答案】T

【解析】英国人1788年进入澳大利亚后最先开发的工业之一是捕猎海豹。他们强迫年轻的土著妇女帮助他们捕猎，但不给她们工资，把她们作为半人类对待。稍后，大牧场主剥削性的利用土著人对当地的了解，开始开发大型牛羊基地。两者都从中获得大量财富。

7. European travelers declared the continent of Australia terra nullius before the British did. _____

【答案】F

【解析】“Terra Nullius”是拉丁语，意思是不属于任何人的土地。这是英国人对澳大利亚的定义，他们之所以这样定义是为了为自己入侵澳大利亚正名。澳大利亚最早是被英国殖民者宣布为无主地并侵占的。

8. The diseases brought by the white settlers to Australia did not contribute to the drastic decline of the indigenous population. _____

【答案】F

【解析】澳大利亚土著居民受到了白色殖民者带来的疾病的感染，导致人口迅速下降。

Ⅱ. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question:

1. Which of the following is NOT a native Australian animal?

A. Sheep.

B. Wombat.

C. Koala.

D. Kangaroo.

【答案】A

【解析】澳大利亚特有的动物包括：鸭嘴兽、袋鼠、树袋熊和毛鼻袋鼠。牛羊是后来大牧场主开始开发牛羊基地才引进的。

2. 80% of Australian’s population lives _____.

A. in the north, east and southwest of the country

B. in the eastern, central and western areas of the country

C. in the eastern, southern and southwestern borders of the country

D. in the northern, eastern and western hills of the country

【答案】C

【解析】东部、南部和西南沿海地区为丘陵和肥沃的平原，这片地区属于地中海和温带气候，80%的澳大利亚人都聚居于此。

3. According to the Dreaming, _____.

A. people should exploit the land as much as they can

B. the land belongs to people who cultivate it

C. the land is the creator of people

D. people are a part of the land

【答案】D

【解析】“梦创信仰”的重要原则是：生活在这片土地上的人对这片土地有着特殊的责任，人不拥有土地，而是土地拥有人。“梦创信仰”重视对土地的保护超过对土地的拥有权。

4. Which of the following is true about the Dreaming?

A. It is performed to commemorate the Aboriginal ancestors.

B. It has little significance for people today.

C. It is a superstition about the power of the land.

D. It contains knowledge about the land.

【答案】D

【解析】梦创故事就人们应该如何生存，如何彼此交流提供一些指导原则，也提供了关于这片土地的详细信息，以便土著居民能够在恶劣的自然环境下生存下来。

5. When did the British take ov er the continent of Australia and declare it “terra

nullius”?

A. Early 15th century.

B. Late 18th century.

C. 17th century.

D. 16th century.

【答案】B

【解析】英国人1788年进入澳大利亚后，宣布澳大利亚为无主地。

6. Under the policy of segregation, the aboriginal people _____

A. were forcibly removed from their own land

B. were allowed to have their own land as private reserves

C. were often employed by the Christian Church

D. were considered to be intellectually exploitable

【答案】A

【解析】殖民政府于19世纪中叶开始对澳大利亚土著人采取隔离和排斥政策。土著人被赶出原本居住的土地，并被围困在“保护区”，受到白人官员的绝对控制。

7. Under the assimilation policy, the aboriginal people _____

A. were expected to share their Dreaming with the white settlers

B. should forget their own culture and take on the white culture

C. managed to get the benefits of both black and white cultures

D. were employed on equal terms with the white settlers

【答案】B

【解析】同化政策基于这样一种认识，即白人文化是进步的、高级的，而梦创文化是低劣的，只是一种迷信。为了实施这一政策，原住民的孩子们被迫离开他们的父母，被带到“保护区”。设置这些保护区的目的是要毁坏梦创文化，用基督教来代替梦创信仰。这一政策对于原住民来说极具破坏性，因为他们的孩子们在失去自己的家庭和文化的环境下长大。

8. Australia’s pract ice of racial segregation was similar to that of _____

A. Portugal and the US

B. Holland and South Africa

C. South Africa and the US

D. Portugal and Holland

【答案】C

【解析】英国对澳大利亚的种族隔离政策正如美国和南非那样的种族隔离政策。

Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks:

1. In terms of its size, Australia is the largest _____ and the smallest _____ in the world.

【答案】island；continent

【解析】澳大利亚是世界上面积最大的岛屿，同时也是世界上面积最小的大陆。

2. _____ is Australia’s largest island.

【答案】Tasmania