英语名词专题

英语名词专题
英语名词专题

一、名词

1.可数名词和不可数名词的用法;

2.名词所有格的构成及用法;

【考点讲解】

一、名词的数

1.单数和复数

可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成,其主要变法如下:(1)一般情况在词尾加-s,例如:book→books,girl→girls,boy→boys,pen→pens,doctor→doctors。(2)以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es,例如:bus→buses,class→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes。

(3)以ce, se, ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s,例如:orange—oranges

(4)以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如:city→cities, factory→factories,

country→countries, family→families。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:boy→boys, day→days。

(5)以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:hero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如:zoo→zoos,radio→radios,还有某些词也只加-s,例如:photo→photos,piano→pianos。

(6)以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为v再加-es,例如:knife→knives,leaf→leaves, half→halves。(7)少数名词有不规则的复数形式,例如:man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,child→children,mouse→mice。

【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如:an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;man, woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定,如:men workers,women teachers。

有个别名词单复数一样,例如:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时,可以加复数词尾。

(8)单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people, police等。

(9)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。例如:ten-minutes’ walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。

(10)还有些名词仅有复数形式,如:trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,goods,ashes,scissors。(11)只用作单数的复数形式的名词有:

科学名词:physics, mathematics/maths

专有名词:the United States, Niagara Falls

其他名词:news, falls

2.不可数名词“量”的表示方法

在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念,可以用以下两种方法:

(1)用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少,例如:

The rich man has a lot of money.

There is some milk in the bottle.

Is there any water in the glass?

I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice.

(2)用a piece of 这类定语,例如:

a piece of paper, a piece of wood, a piece of bread

a bottle of orange, a glass of water(milk), a cup of tea

a cup of tea, a bag of rice, three bags of rice

如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数,例如:

two cups of tea, four pieces of paper, three glasses of water

不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。

二、名词的所有格

名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。

1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's,其复数形式是s',例如:a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。

2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加's,如:Children's Day。

3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用's,例如:a twenty minutes' walk,ten miles' journey,a boat's length,two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。

4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构,例如:a map of China,the end of this term,the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。

5. 双重所有格,例如:a friend of my father's。

【注意】

如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示“分别有”,例如:John's and Mary's rooms(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);Tom's and Mary's bikes(两人各自的自行车)。

两个名词并列,只有一个's,则表示“共有”,例如:John and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽共有一间);Tom and Mary's mother(即Tom与Mary是兄妹)。

【实例解析】

1. These _________ have saved many children’s lives.

A. woman doctors

B. women doctor

C. women doctors

D. woman doctor

答案:C。该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。woman 作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致。

2. This is _________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.

A. Anne and Jane

B. Anne’s and Jane’s

C. Anne’s and Jane

D. Anne and Jane’s

答案:D。该题考查的是并列名词的所有格。两人共有一个房间时,只在后面的名词后加’s。

3. ---Are there any ________ on the farm?

---Yes, there are some.

A. horse

B. duck

C. chicken

D. sheep

答案:D。该题考查的是特殊名词的复数形式。从谓语动词来判断,主语应该是复数名词。只有sheep可用作复数名词。

4. ---What would you like to drink, ________ or orange?

---Orange, please.

A. hamburger

B. chip

C. tea

答案:C。该题考查的是名词的类别。三种东西中只有tea能喝。

课后作业

学生姓名:___________ 家长签字:_____________

一、写出下列名词的复数形式

1).规则变化

book___________ city___________ day__________ bus___________

box___________ wish ____________ peach__________ tomato ____________

potato ___________ hero ____________ photo ___________ piano ____________

leaf____________ life _____________ shelf ____________ knife ____________

2). 不规则变化

man___________ woman ___________ child __________ foot ___________

tooth ______________ sheep ___________ deer ____________ mouse ____________

3). 国家人的复数

Chinese ____________ Japanese ____________ Englishman ______________ Frenchman _____________ American ______________, German _______________

4). 复合名词的复数

pencil box ______________ school bag ____________

man teacher _______________ woman doctor _____________

5). 有些名词通常只以复数的形式出现如:裤子___________,鞋_________, 眼镜_________,袜子________, 剪子_________等

6). 有些名词没有加s但是却表达复数的含义如:人___________, 警察___________ 牛____________ 观众_____________.

1.The rich_________not always happy.

A.are

B.is

C.have

D.has

2.In Britain,_________are all painted red.

A.letter boxes

B.letters boxes

C.letter box

D.letters box

3.There are four_______and two________in the group.

A.Japanese,Germen

B.Japaneses,Germen

C.Japanese,German

D.Japanese,Germans

4.She was born in Wuhan,but Beijing has become her second_________.

A.home

B.family

C.house

D.country

5.Mother brought me_________.

A.a good news

B.a piece of news

C.many good news

D.two news

6.March 8th is _________Day.

A.Woman's

B.Women's

C.Womans'

D.Women

7.We can do the work better with______money and

________ people.

A.less,fewer

B.fewer,less

C.little,little

D.few, few

8.There are three_________in our class.

A.Zhou's

B.Zhous

C.Zhous'

D.Zhous's

9.It's about ten_________walk.

A.minute's

B.minutes'

C.minute

D.minutes

10.This room is_________.

A.Bill and David's

B.Bill's and David's

C.Bills and David's

D.Bill and David

11.Beijing is one of the most beautiful_________in China.

A.city

B.cities

C.citys

D.the cities

12.Would you like_________?

A.some more meat

B.any more meat

C.many more meat

D.more much meat

13.—What can I do for you, sir?

—I'd like two_________.

A.bottle of milk

B.bottles of milks

C.bottles of milk

D.bottle of milks

14.Tom's car is more beautiful than_________.

A.his brother's and sister

B.his brother and sister

C.his brothers and sisters

D.his brother's and sister's

15.“Nightingal Prize”is for_________.

A.workers

B.scientists

C.doctors

D.nurses AADAB BABBA BACDD

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