《吆喝》(人教版八年级必修) 教案教学设计

在吆喝声中体会民俗风情

一、一首《北京土著》，让我们感受到了京腔京韵的美妙。相信今天学习作家萧乾的一篇《吆喝》，也能够让你从另一个角度了解到北京普通人的生活。（课前放《北京土著》）

二、1.大家知道什么是吆喝呢？

——大声叫喊，多指卖东西、赶牲口、呼唤等。

2.你听到过吆喝声吗？能学一下吗？记得钱奇在奥运班队活动自编的小品中也有一句吆喝，是吗？

俗话说：“一方水土养一方人”每个地方的吆喝声也必然有自己的地域特色，你听过京城的吆喝声吗？那么我们不妨一同来欣赏一下，注意仔细听啊，看看都吆喝了哪些商品。

三、看吆喝视频，听出其韵味。

四、从吆喝声中你听出了什么？能把你最直接的感受说出来吗？

——1.买不同种类的东西。

2.吆喝的声音很响亮；目的是人们更多地购买他们的商品。

3.吆喝人采用了不同的方法：有的简洁；有的复杂，把制作过程也吆喝出来了。

4.心情、朴实、京味文化

5.像唱歌一样……

这些行家的吆喝，怎么样？书上有几句指出他们具有怎样的本事？（第三节末句）

——得花力足，嗓子脆，口齿伶俐，咬字清楚，还要会现编词儿，脑子快，能随机应变。

五、学：瞧行家吆喝得那么起劲，我们同学有没有兴趣学一学？我们也选择两句练练怎样？

学得容易吗？不容易。

看来真正做好任何一件事情都不容易。形似容易，神似难啊！我们不妨回到课文中，看看萧乾大作家有没有为我们揭开吆喝的神秘面纱？

六、说：1. 考考你的眼力，看作家在文中写到了哪些吆喝呢？

——大米粥、油炸果、卖菜的、卖花的、卖馄饨、饽饽；常话匣子、算卦、乞丐；卖蝌蚪、西瓜、秋海棠、柿子、冰糖葫芦、烤白薯（有的介绍声音，有的介绍买什么，有的介绍制作过程）……

2.吆喝声是流动的艺术，转瞬即逝，那作者是如何有条理地记录下来呢？你发现了吗？

——（声音：时间——早晚、四季；吆喝叙述——评价品析；过程特点）

3、你觉得他写得好不好呢？和你的同学交流一下，读读看，说说哪个吆喝你最喜欢，是什么原因。

——例如老师喜欢“烤白薯哇真热乎”，在滴水成冰的冬天，听到这样的吆喝，让人既感到非常温暖，有似乎香气扑面而来……

有简有繁，有朴素有华丽，有写实有夸张，有平实有生动、戏剧……

（比喻、夸张……）

（让学生深入文本，反复朗读品味出京味文化的内涵，理解作者的思想感情。这是整节课的重要点所在。）

4、读到这里，你感觉作者是个怎样的人？如果你客串一个小商贩，能否即兴为你的商品（宁波汤圆）即兴设计一个吆喝？

七、品：

1.看来同学们都很投入，但不知道你够不够细心，你有没有发现，作者其实开始并没有直接写吆喝的？为什么这样呢？

——先写老外写《北京的声与色》，重点介绍器乐神奇，（剃头弦声、拨浪鼓、小鼓、磨剪子吹的长号），为了衬托声乐更值得一提。

看来这京城的吆喝声如同萦绕在它的器乐一样，确实为北京城增色不少，成为它独特的魅力所在。

2.看到这里，我产生了一个好奇，萧乾为什么要专门为此而写一篇文章呢，是因为贪吃，还是好奇，或者因为别的原因？让他回味无穷，让中外游客留恋忘返的到底是什么呢？

——是北京蕴涵着厚重的文化色彩。他希望北京永远保存这些古老的灿烂的文化、文明。

确实：一个城市，一个国家需要有能够代表他特色和精神的的文化名片，她是我们国家千百年来历史的痕迹，是我们民族生生不息的源泉。它可以是有形的，物质的；也可以是一些无形的，非物质的。比如北京不光有八达岭长城以及故宫圆明园，还有口头传承的技艺或风俗。如：昆曲、皮影、年画、语言、饮食、建筑文化等。你知道在我们宁波有没有这样值得珍视的城市名片呢？

宁波市有望再添九项“国宝”

https://www.360docs.net/doc/ef7579280.html, 中国宁波网3月5日13:51

中国宁波网讯（记者陈朝霞）日前，为期30天的第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录公示结束，将尽快报国务院审批公布。这意味着，我市申报的徐福东渡传说、甬剧、姚剧、四明南词、宁波走书、骨木镶嵌、晒盐技艺、妈祖祭典和渔民开洋、谢洋节等9个项目有望被列入第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，加上已经入选首批国家级非物质文化遗产名录的梁祝传说、奉化布龙、宁海平调、宁波朱金漆木雕4个项目，我市国家级“非遗”项目将达到13个。

九、议：可是像吆喝这样的无形资产现状如何呢？

一则消息——北京首批非遗传承人公布大量传承人空缺记者从北京市文化局得知，首批北京市级非物质文化遗产项目代表性传承人名单现已正式透过媒体向外公布。

记者从名录上发现，非物质文化遗产项目十大分类中民间文学、曲艺和民俗代表性传承人集体缺席。而民间音乐、民间美术、民间舞蹈、杂技与竞技、传统手工技艺、传统医药七大类中也有不少项目传承人空缺。包括很多我们耳熟能详的民间传统文化，比如北京童谣、河北梆子、相声、评剧、北京皮影、京式旗袍等。还包括部分备受关注的北京老字号，比如全聚德挂炉烤鸭技艺、瑞蚨祥中式服装手工制作技艺、王麻子剪刀锻制技艺、戴月轩湖笔制作技艺、肆雅堂古籍修复技艺、鹤

年堂中医药养生文化、都一处烧麦制作技艺、张一元茉莉花茶窨制工艺、北京二锅头酒酿制技艺等等。

对此你有怎样的看法？现代叫卖艺术的缺失与反差，传承人才缺失，吆喝由于社会传媒业的不断发展，这种口头广告正逐渐消失。试说说：这种消失是好事还是坏事？

十、写：所幸现在有很多的有识之士认识到了保护文化的重要性。就拿我们学校来说，这次英语节的主题恰好是中国文化，走进校门迎面就能看到一个醒目的标语——“让中国文化走向世界！”各班都布置了不同的展块，如果此时有一批客人前来参观，你能否做一个小导游向他们介绍一二呢？你可以任选一个进行介绍。

例：不同于江南丝竹声中的小桥流水的高雅,亦不同于京城叫卖大王吆喝声中的大碗茶的嘶哑,临涣茶香彰显着其简朴。一把铜铁壶稍微倾斜一下,滚烫的开水便沏成了一碗又一碗的茗茶;一张方桌顺便一摆,数人围坐,腾气的茶水就成就了一桩又一桩的世故。

推荐资料：

语文教学通讯，2007年10月B，温州教研，

参看相声《改行》

https://www.360docs.net/doc/ef7579280.html,/programs/view/4IYiJQsLu2g/ 百度视频：老北京吆喝

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