数词语法讲解

一）数词概述

英语的数词可以分为基数词和序数词两大类。基数词表示数目的多少，如：three，thirty，forty-nine等。而序数词表示的则是这些数目的顺序,如：third，thirtieth，forty-ninth等。数词与不定代词很相似，其用法相当于名词与形容词。中考对数词的考查主要是数词的“复数形式”的应用、分数的构成形式以及词形变化中的基数词转换为序数词。当表示确切的数目时，hundred，thousand，million等数词用单数形式；表达不具体的数目，如成百上千，成千上万等时，hundred，thousand等数词用复数形式，且在其后加介词of。英语中的分数是由“基数词+序数词”构成的。分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示，分子大于“1”时，作为分母的序数词要用复数形式。基数词转换为序数词常在词形转换中考查，要特别记住某些序数词的一些特殊变化形式。如：one——first, two——second, three——third, five——fifth, eight——eighth, nine——ninth, twelve——twelfth, twenty——twentieth等等。

（二）基础知识梳理

1．基数词

1）基数词表示数量。13~19的基数词都以-teen结尾，如：thirteen，nineteen 等。20~90十位数的整数都以-ty结尾，如：twenty，ninety等。

2）表示两位数词时，十位与个位之间要加连字符。三位以上的数词，在百位数与后两位数之间，要用and连接。如：four hundred and ninety-seven。注意，千位数与百位数之间用逗号分开，如：five thousand，three hundred and twenty。

3）在表示一个具体的数目时，hundred，thousand，million都要用单数形式。如：several hundred，two thousand，ten million等。在表示大概数目时，则用hundreds of，thousands of，millions of。

4）数词与其他词构成复合形容词时，其中的名词要用单数形式。如：an eight-cent-stamp， a three-month-old baby。

2．序数词

1）序数词表示顺序，使用时一般前面要加定冠词。基数词变序数词有一定的规律，下面的口诀可帮助你记忆：

基变序有规律，123特殊记。

th要从4加起，8减t，9去e。

ty变成tie，ve要用f替。

若要变为几十几，只变个位就可以。

2）有时序数词前不用定冠词，表示“再一、又一”的意思。如：

Soon the Greens had a second child--a son.很快格林夫妇又有了一个孩子——一个儿子。

3．分数，小数和百分比

1）表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母须用复数形式。如：

1/2上读作one half或a half, 1/4读作one fourth或a quarter，2/3读作two-thirds, 3 2/5读作three and two-fifths。

2）读小数时，小数点前的基数词与前面所讲的基数词读法完全相同，小数点读作“point”，小数点后只需将数字一一读出。如15.07读作fifteen point zero seven。

3）百分数的读法为：先读基数词，再读百分号。如5%读作five percent。

4．年份和日期

1）年份的读法为每两位数读一个词。如：

1950读作nineteen fifty

1800读作eighteen hundred

2000读作two thousand

2）日期的读法有两种

（1）先月后日，日子要读成序数词。如：9月29日可读作September (the) twenty-ninth

（2）先日后月，在月份之前加Of。如：9月29日也可读作the twenty-ninth of September

3）年月日同时出现，年代放在最后，年代前用逗号隔开。如：2005年2月1日可写成the first of February ,2005或February( the) first, 2005

5．时间和钟点

6:00读作six (o'clock)

7:30读作seven thirty／half past seven

9:45读作nine forty-five／a quarter to ten

2:15读作two fifteen／a quarter past two

6．编号的表达

1）事物名词（不加冠词）+基数词。如：Lesson One，Part Three，Channel Five，Gate Nine,，World War Ⅱ

2）定冠词+序数词+事物名词。如：the first lesson，the third part，the fifth channel，the ninth gate，the Second World War

7．加减乘除的英语表达

plus/and加，minus减，time/multiplied by乘，divided by除。如：

1）12 +8=？ How much is twelve plus/and eight?

2）40—11=29， Forty minus eleven is/equals twenty nine.

3）3×6 =18， Three times six is/equals eighteen.

4）56÷7=？ How much is fifty-six divided by seven?

数词经典例题

1. This is ____ lesson, so I don't know all your names.

A. our first

B. our the first

C. the our first

D. the first our

2. -How many students are there in your school?

-There are over__________students in our school.

A. two thousands

B. two thousands of

C. two thousand

D. two thousand of

3．__________ visitors from Australia will come to Visit China next week.

A. Two hundreds

B.A hundred of

C. Hundreds of

D. Three hundreds of

4. __________ of the apples in the fruit bowl are soft and sweet.

A. Two-third

B. Second-third

C. Two-thirds

D. Second-thirds

5. Wu Dong won the girl's __________ race in the school sports meeting last week.

A. 100 meters

B.100-metres

C.100 metre

D.100-metre

6. The homework for today is to write __________ composition about your father.

A. a five hundred word

B. a five-hundred-words

C. a-five-hundred-word

D. a five-hundred-word

7．She has a __________ daughter.

A. six-years-old

B. six-year-old

C. six year old

D. six years old

8．__________ is the most difficult of __________.

A. Lesson Eight... Book Three

B. The lesson eight...the book three

C. The eighth lesson…the three…book

D. The…eight lesson…the third book

9. It will take them __________ to finish the course.

A. one and a half year's time

B. a year and a half's time

C. a year and a half of time

D. a year and a half time

10. （改错）This story took place in the 1950.

A B C

答案

1. 【解析】答案是A，B，C，D都属用词错误。因为序数词之前一般要用定冠词the，但是如果序数词前有了形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，就不能再用定冠词the。如my se cond daughter, his mother's fiftieth birthday。

2. 【解析】答案是C。基数词hundred，thousand，million等与具体数字连用时，词尾不可加s，也不与of连用，其后的名词要用复数形式。

3. 【解析】答案是C。hundred，thousand，million等词与介词of连用时，用复数形式，表示、不确切的数目，其前不可与数字连用。注意下面表达：

hundreds of数以百计的、成百上千的several hundred of好几百thousands of数以千计的、成千上万的tens of数以十计的millions of数百万的

4. 【解析】答案是C。这里是考查分数的表达法，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于“1”时，分母序数词用复数。表示四分之一时用one(a) quarter，四分之三用three- quarters，二分之二用one(a) half。如果分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与of的宾语相一致。如：Only one half of the work has been finished.

5. D

6. D

7. B

【解析】数词+名词一起做定语时，如果数词与名词之间有连字符“—”，则用数词+单数名词+形容词结构，如果数词与名词之间没有连字符，就需要用名词所有格作定语。上面三道题的答案分别是5D，6D，7B。

8. 【解析】答案是A。本题主要是考查基数词和序数词的用法及转换。在编号中，用基数词时，均要大写字母开头，而且名词在前，数词在后；用序数词时，必须加定冠词，且每个单词的第一个字母都要小写。因此本句还可表达为The eighth lesson is the most diffi cult of the third book。

9. 【解析】答案是B。“数词+ and +a half+名词复数”也可表达为“数词+名词（单数或复数）+ and a half”，如“一天半”可表达成one and a half days或one day and a half。这里C、D显然是错误的。A可更正为one and a half years' time，即year的复数所有格的形式。

10.【解析】这里C是错误的，应该更正为in the 1950s。年代应该用基数词的复数形式来表达，并在前面加定冠词。此外，数词的复数形式还可用来表示人的岁数，如：Whe n he moved to Germany in the 1960s, he was already in his forties. 意为：他六十年代移居德国时，已经四十多岁了。

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