主谓一致常见考点

主谓一致常见考点

主谓一致是历年高考题必考的考点之一，也是英语学习过程中较难把握的知识点。高考对它的考查主要分布在语法填空和短文改错，并涉及动词时态和语态、定语从句和倒装等方面的内容。考生在掌握主谓一致基本用法的同时，要特别注意语言内容一致的原则。

考点一：单一主语的主谓一致

1.有些集体名词，如：people, police, cattle等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。另一些集体名词，如：family, class, crew, team, group, public, audience, government, committee等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据主语所指的意义而定。如果其表示的是整体就用单数谓语动词，如果其表示的是其中的个体就用复数谓语动词。例如：

①The police have caught the thief.

②The class consists of twenty – five boys and twenty three girls.

③The class are having an English lesson now.

④With the problem of pollution getting more serious, the government _________ (is) searching for a way to deal with it.

2.表示时间、距离、金额、重量、计量、空间、体积等意义的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。例如:

①Ten years stands for a long period in one’s life.

②Ten kilos is much too heavy for a boy of five years old.

③A survey of the opinions of experts __________ (show) that three hours of outdoor exercise a week ________ (be) good for one’s health.

3.在一些短语，如many a 或more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，尽管意义上是复数，但其谓语动词还是用单数形式。例如;

①Many a student has that kind of opportunity.

②More than one person has known the news.

③It is reported that many a new house ______________ (build) at present in the disaster area.

4.the number of …(…的数量)作主语时，谓语动词用单数；

a number of … (…的总数)作主语时，谓语动词用复数；

quantities of …作主语时，不管名词是不可数名词还是可数名词的复数，谓语动词均用复数形式；

the rest of …作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词。

①The number of students participating in the singing contest __________ (be) 150, but a number of them ________ (have) been disqualified（淘汰）from it

②The rest of the students ________ (be) watering trees..

③——Why does the lake smell terrible/

——Because large quantities of water _________________ (pollute).

5.当分数、百分数后面加名词或代词时，要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。

The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third ________ (be) used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.

6.不定代词（all, none, any, some等）如果修饰不可数名词或单数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果修饰复数名词，谓语动词用复数。

All we need ___________ (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.

考点二：并列主语的主谓一致

1.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般根据语法一致原则使用复数。但如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:

① A young man and a girl want to go with us.

② A poet and artist is coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow.

③ A needle and thread was found on the floor.

2.由and连接的并列短语是单数，前面有every, each等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。但each放在由and连接的并列单数主语后面，修饰复数概念的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：

①Each boy and each girl __________ (have) been invited to the tea-party.

②The boy and the girl each ________(have) their own toys.

3.由or, either…or, neither … nor, not only … but also…等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词采用“就近原则”，同样遵循这个原则的还有there be 句型。例如：

Either you or one of your students ________ (be) to attend the meeting tomorrow.

4.当主语有with, along with, together with, as well as, but, except, besides, in addition to, out of, like, unlike, including, rather than等词连接时，谓语动词的单复数按“就前原则”处理。例如：

①The teacher, with all his students, _______ (be) going to have a picnic this weekend.

②The basketball coach, as well as his team, ________ (be) interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.

考点三：其他情况的主谓一致

1.不定式、动名词和名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。其中，what引导的主语从句作主语时，如果所指的内容为复数意义，谓语可用复数形式。例如：

①Persuading him to join us seems really hard.

②What they need in that area are doctors and nurses.

2.倒装句中的谓语动词要与后面的主语保持一致，例如：

①Between the two buildings stands a monument.

②——Is everyone here?

——Not yet. Look, there ________ (come) the rest of our guests!

3.在“one of +复数名词+who / that / which”引导的定语从句中，关系代词who / that / which 的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one,因此，从句中的谓语动词应该用复数形式。但当one前有the, the only修饰时，关系代词的先行词是one,而不是靠近它的复数名词，此时，从句中的谓语动词应该用单数形式。例如：

①This is one of the best films that have been shown this year.

②He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.

巩固练习

一、单句改错

1.The number of people invited were fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.

2.The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, were visiting a museum when the earthquake

struck.

3.More than one student in that school were sent abroad to study medicine last year.

4.One third of the country are covered with trees and the majority of the citizens are black people.

5.All work and no play make Jack a dull boy.

6.The population in China are very large and 80% of the population live in rural areas.

7.Studying as an exchange student in a British school for two years mean a lot to Tom.

8.Most of what has been said about the Smiths are also true of the Johnsons.

9.Not the teacher but the students is looking forward to seeing the film.

10.With wisdom teeth come an intelligent joke.

二、单句填空

1. Every boy and girl, frightened in the earthquake __________ taken good care of in the nursing center.

A. is

B. are

C. has

D. have

2. ——Much knowledge as well as abilities _________ from our teachers.

——Yes. We should love and respect our teachers.

A. are learned

B. is learned

C. learn

D. learns

3. The family _________ out on holiday. They are supposed to be back at the end of this week.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

4. He said large quantities of sunshine and rainfall _________ a good harvest of fruits and vegetables this year.

A. promise

B. promises

C. is promising

D. are promising

5. Only a few very important ancient cultural sites were reserved; then rest ________ in rivers.

A. was flooded

B. were flooded

C. has been flooded

D. have been flooded

6. As we all know, either the location or the surroundings _________ the value of a house.

A. have determined

B. determines

C. determined

D. determine

7. I don’t believe his words. To see __________ to believe.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

8. As a result of earthquake, a large ________ of earth _________blocked several rivers there.

A．number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; have

9. When and where to go for a summer holiday ________ yet.

A. has not decided

B. have not been decided

C. have not decided

D. has not been decided

10. What has been said as to the proper limits of the plaintiff’s opening statement also ________ yo that of the defendant.

A. apply

B. applies

C. has applied

D. applying

11. After the failure in the business, John always goes to the Rose and Crown, which ________ an old pub by the river.

A. is

B. was

C. are

D. were

12. As is known to all, the number of college students ________ growing fast with the economic development in the past years.

A. is

B. are

C. has been

D. have been

13. The president of the college, together with the deans, _________ for the purpose of laying down certain regulations.

A. are planning

B. have planned

C. plan

D. is planning

14. No one in the department but Tom and I __________ that the director is going to resign.

A. knows

B. know

C. have known

D. am to know

15. Early to bed and early to rise ________ a man healthy, happy and wise.

A. making

B. to make

C. make

D. makes

三、真题实战

1. It is important to remember that success _________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often __________ years to achieve.

A. is; takes

B. are; takes

C. are; take

D. is; take

2. Generally speaking, students’inner motivation with high expectations from others ________ essential to their development.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

3. The university estimates that living expenses for international students _________ around $ 8450 a year, which _________ a burden for some of them.

A. are; is

B. are; are

C. is; are

D. is; is

4. All the scientific evidence ________ that increasing use of chemicals in farming ________ damaging our health.

A. show; are

B. shows; are

C. show; is

D. shows; is

5. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _________ saved for other purpose.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were