英语专四听写Dictation评分标准

英语专四听写Dictation评分标准
英语专四听写Dictation评分标准

英语专四听写Dictation评分标准

1. 听写共分15小节;每节1分。

2.每节最多扣1分。

3.重复错误,仅扣一次。

4.错误共分两类:小错误(minor mistakes)和大错误(major mistakes)。

A. 小错误:

1)单词拼写错一到二个字母。例:inconvenient—unconvenient,inconvient;originally--origionally, originally;knives———nives。

2)标点符号错误:一when When;To solve this problem,the—To solve this problem the…。

3)冠词,单复数错误:shells—shell;with a solution—with the solution。

4)小错误扣分标准:小错误在一节中出现一次,留作总计;出现两次,扣0.5分;出现三次,扣0.5分后留一小错做总计;出现四次(以上),扣1分。

5)未扣分小错误的扣分标准:累计2---4个:扣0.5分。累计5---8个:扣1分。

B. 大错误:

漏写、加词、造词、换词(冠词作小错计),大移位,时态错误,原文一个词变两个词。每个错误扣0.5分。

例:are still paid—is still paid,still paid,still pay;were used—we used;coins were—coin was;began—begun;goods—good;cloth—ciof,cloths;salt—soit;paid—payed;throughout--allthrough,through of; accepted——an acception;as payment——for payment;for goods——to goods;they——these,there.

5.一些特例的扣分标准:

1)下列情况不扣分:in the past—in the past,;“now”后加逗号。

2)下列情况扣分:throughout--through out(小错误);a piece of—pieces of(两个小错,扣0.5分)

6.总分为0.5分时,以1分计算:其余总分中如含分数的,分数舍去,留整数。如:12.5分一12分,7.5分---7分。空白卷—律打0分。

专四听写评分标准

听写评分标准 2015年专四考试时间预计为4月18日,准备参加专四考试的同学或许都在准备听写复习,很多人也不清楚专四听力评分标准,尤其是关于听写的,其实专四听力评分标准对于大家的复习有很强的指导意义,下面就为大家介绍一下专四听写标准,希望能引起大家的注意。 专四听写评分标准: 1. 听写共分15小节;每节1分。 2. 每节最多扣1分。 3. 重复错误,仅扣一次。 4. 错误共分两类:小错误(minormistakes)和大错误(majormistakes)。 A. 小错误: 1) 单词拼写错一到二个字母。例:inconvenient—unconvenient, inconvient;originally--origionally,originally;knives———nives。 2) 标点符号错误:一when When;To solve this problem,the—To solve this problem。 3) 冠词,单复数错误:shells—shell;withasolution—withthesolution。 4) 小错误扣分标准:小错误在一节中出现一次,留作总计;出现两次,扣0.5分;出现三次,扣0.5分后留一小错做总计;出现四次(以上),扣1分。 5) 未扣分小错误的扣分标准:累计2---4个:扣0.5分。累计5---8个:扣1分。 B. 大错误:漏写、加词、造词、换词(冠词作小错计),大移位,时态错误,原文一个词变两个词。每个错误扣0.5分。 例:arestillpaid—isstillpaid,stillpaid, stillpay;wereused—weused;coinswere—coinwas;began—begun;goods—good;cloth—ci of,cloths;salt—soit;paid—payed;throughout—allthrough, throughof;accepted——anacception;aspayment——forpayment;forgoods——togoods;t hey——these,there.

专四听力50篇答案.doc

Popular Pastime of the English People One of the best means of understanding the people of any nation is watching what the do with their non-working time. Most English men, women and children love growing things, especially flowers. Visitors to England in spring, summer or autumn are likely to see gardens all they way along the railway lines. There are f lowers at the airports and flowers in factory grounds, as well as in gardens along the roads. Each English town has at least one park with beautifully kept flower beds. Public buildings of every kind have brilliant window boxes and sometimes baskets of flowers are hanging on them. But what the English enjoy most is growing things themselves. If it is impossible to have a garden, then a window box or something growing in a pot will do. Looking at each other ’s gardens is a popular pastime with the English. 4. British and American Police Officers Real policemen, both in Britain and the ., hardly recognize any commonpoints between their lives and what they se on TV — if they ever get home in time. Some things are almost the same, of course, but the policemen do not think much of them much of them. The first difference is that a policeman ’s real life deals with the law. Most of what he learns is the law. He has to know actually what actions are against the law and what facts can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a lawyer, and what ’s more, he has to put it into practice on his feet, in the dark and, running down a narrow street after someone he wants to talk to. Little of his time is spent in talking with beautiful girls or in bravely facing cruel criminals. He will spend most of his working life arranging millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, ordinary people who are guilty--- or not of stupid, unimportant crimes. Useful Words and Expressions: 1. think much of 重视,尊重 2. in court 在法庭上 3. criminal 罪犯,犯罪者 4. guilty 犯罪的,有罪的 5. Living Space How much living space does a person need What happens when his space needs are not met Scientists are doing experiments on rats to try to determine the effects of overcrowded conditions on man. Recent studies have shown that the behavior of rats is greatly affected by space. If rats have enough living space, they eat well, sleep well and produce their young well. But if their living conditions become too crowded, their behavior and even their health change obviously. They can not sleep and eat well, and signs of fear and worry become clear. The more crowded they are, and more they tend to bite each other and even kill each other. Thus, for rats, populations and violence are directly related. Is this a natural law for human society as well Is enough space not only satisfactory, but necessary for human survival These are interesting questions.

专四写作评分标准

一、命题作文 满分15分,分五个等级,14分、11分、8分、5分和2分,可以酌情加一或减一分,但不得加或减半分。 具体标准为: 14分:切题。表达思想清楚,文字通顺,连贯性较好,基本无语言错误。 11分:切题。表达思想清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语言错误。 8分:基本切题。表达思想比较清楚,文字上连贯,但语言错误较多,其中有少量严重错误。 5分:基本切题。表达思想不够清楚,文字连贯性差,有较严重的语言错误。 2分:条理不清,思想紊乱,语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误,且多数为严重错误。 交白卷,或作文与题目毫不相干,或只写几个单词,以0分计算。 评分对于字数的要求:累计字数在150-170之间,扣1分;130-150之间,扣2分;110-130之间,扣3分;90-110之间,扣4分;90以下,至多给5分。若照抄提示中原句,均不得计入所写字数。

TEM4(2007)便条评分标准 一. 格式:(占3分) 包括日期,称呼,和结尾三部分,各占一分。 1.日期(date): 正确:April 24th,2007/ April 24, 2007/ April 24/24 April 2007/4/24/2007 24/4/2007(Apr.也可以,任何一个日期都可以) 2.称呼(Heading): 正确:(Dear)Mike:(,)/ (Dear)Hilda:(,) (缺逗号或冒号,扣0.5分) 位置在日期下面一行左侧。 3. 结尾(Ending): 正确:Yours sincerely,/Yours,/ Sincerely yours,/ Sincerely, (缺逗号,扣0.5分) Sincerely, Mike, Hilda (若在一行扣0.5) Yours sincerely (两个单词的首字母都大写扣0.5) 若名字没写或人名XXX(或Mike/ Hilda)扣1分。 4.格式需前后一致,如全左或全右,若不符合,扣1分。 凡不符合上述正确格式或表达均要扣分。错一部分扣1分。最多扣3分。 二.容(占2分) 本便条必须包括如下容: 1.拒绝(1分) 2.理由(1分) 三.语言(占5分) 1.首句需用自己正确的语言表达,若完全抄提示扣1分。 2.5分中有一分是语言的得体性。语言风格与情景不一致,扣1分(如:Yours truly,Truly yours,If you consent , etc). 只有语言较好才得分。 四.评分总体要求: 1.语言没有严重错误,格式对,容完整,语言得体,字数符合要求(<80,>40), 可给9—10分。 2.便条总字数(包括三部分格式在),要求在50—60字;不到40或超过80字扣1分。 3.请写出三部分的小分,如2+2+4(格式+容+语言) 4.不要出现0.5 分。 5.要求大家阅卷时做到认真仔细,不漏改卷,漏填分数或漏签名。请在每份卷子的错误部分划线,以便复校。 6.便条总分为10分,6分为及格线。

专业4级听力评分标准

专业四级考试听写评分标准 1. 听写共分15小节,每节1分,大错误下面画线。小错误用圆圈表示,重复错误用三角记号表示。 2. 每节最多扣1分。 3. 重复错误,仅扣一次分。 4. 错误共分两类:小错误(minor mistakes)和大错误(major mistakes),分别扣0.25分和0.5分。 A. 小错误: 1)单词拼写错一到两个字母。例: steadily →staedily;harbor →habor 两个字母以下的词、次序颠倒算小错。 2)标点符号错误(含大小写)。例: World War I →world war one , and then adopted →. And then adopeted 3) 冠词、单复数错误。例: until the beginning →until beginning; parent →parents 4)小错误扣分标准:小错误在一节中出现一次,留作总计;出现两次:扣0.5分;出现三次:扣0.5分后留作总计;出现四次:扣1分。 5)未扣分小错误的扣分标准: 累计2 ~ 4 个:扣0.5分 累计5 ~ 8 个:扣1分 B. 大错误:漏写、加词、造词、换词(冠词作小错计)、大移位、时态错误,每个错误扣0.5分。例: loved →love;task —test;trip —trap;flee —flea;have finished —finsh (ed) 5. 一些特例的扣分标准: 下列情况不扣分: World War I →World War One race car →racecar well-balanced →well balanced 90 percent →90% 6. 总分只有0.5分时,以1分计算;其余总分中如含小数点的,小数舍去,保留整数,如12.5 →12; 7.5 →7 7. 空白卷一律打0分。

英语专业四级听写50篇(完整版)

英语专业四级听写50篇 前言 听写在英语专业四级统考中占有15%的比重,是考试的重要组成部分。 说起听写,正在准备和已经参加过英语专业四级考试的同学会说: “我能明白听写的内容,可写的时候就是跟不上!”“短文大意我明白,可是有的语我不 会写。” 这只反映出了问题的两个方面。一是听写速度不够快。二是词汇量不够或词汇掌握得不够准确。这些无疑是影响听写成绩的重要因素。但是,这些不是问题的全部。在从事听写教学及听写问卷过程中,很容易发现学生失分的具体问题: (1)没听懂,没听好,听写速度跟不上,写出的内容断断续续不连贯,学生因此大量失分; (2)有的词汇没听懂,拼写不够准确,这导致听写失分; (3)时态错误导致失分; (4)单复数不准确导致失分; (5)没有注意断句或专有名词,句子开头单词或专有名词错误使用大小写导致失分; (6)没有注意原文冠词的使用,书写时漏掉冠词导 致失分; (7)没有注意单数第三人称形式导致失分; (8)没有注意单数复数名词的形式导致失分。 上述问题的产生有的是缺乏训练造成的,如书写速度跟不上。有的则是语言基础较 差造成的,如听力较差没有完全听懂或没有掌握好词汇。而单复数、大小写、冠词漏写 等则多是粗心大意造成的。 听写部分能提高吗? 当然能!而且提高的空间很大。 笔者从事英语专业基础教学与研究,从一开始所带的教学班参加四级考试超过全国 院校平均通过率28.2个百分点,超过全国专业外语院校平均通过率12.5个百分点开始,所带的教学班在全国英语专业④级统考中通过率始终ito%,平均成绩、优秀率始终名列 前茅。最近一次所带的教学班参加四级统考,又考出了很好的成绩,通过率超过全国院 校平均水平26石个百分点,超过全国专业外语院校13.6个百分点,而且在十几个平行 班中平均成绩是最高的,优秀人数也是最多的。在四级考试中,听写一项的成绩也不例外,每次均位居第一,本项目满分15分,所带班级平均成绩能够达到14分。 是不是学生基础很好?统计表明,和平行班相比所带班级入学时并不存在什么特别 优势。 教学经验表明,听写成功的关键是训练方法和体现训练方法的训练材料。 听写训练过程中无论是老师还是学生都有必要注意以下几点: 二.扭握淤轿肘虚度大纲要求第一遍用正常速

英语专业四级考试真题听力部分历年听写原文(2005年-2014年)

英语专业四级考试真题听写原文2005年 The Wrist Watch It is generally believed that wrist watches are an exception / to the normal sequence in the evolution of man's jewelry. / Reversing the usual order, they were first worn by women, / and then adopted by men. / In the old days, queens included wrist watches among their crown jewelry. / Later, they were worn by Swiss workers and farmers. / Until World War I, Americans associated the watch with fortune hunters. / Then army officers discovered that the wrist watch was most practical for active combat. / Race car drivers also loved to wear wrist watches, / and pilots found them most useful while flying. / Soon men dared to wear wrist watches without feeling self-conscious. / By 1924, some 30 percent of man's watches were worn on the wrist. / Today, the figure is 90 percent. / And they are now worn by both men and women / for practical purposes rather than for decoration. 2006年 The internet The internet is the most significant progress in the field of communications.Imagine a book that never rend, a library with milion floors,or imagine a research project with thousands of sientists working around the clock forever.This is the magic of the internet.

专四听写阅卷评分标准

专四听写阅卷标准 专业四级在即,作为专四考试的第一个题型——听写,一直以来由于其要求细致,是考察基本功的题型,特别需要大家关注。不过如果知道了批分标准,就不会觉得无章可循。专四听写每篇中有十五个“小段”,或者是句子或者是意群,每个“小段”分值为一分。中比较容易出现的错误有两类:一类是大错误(major mistakes),每出现一次扣0.5分;另一类是小错误(minor mistakes),每次出现扣0.25分。如下举出历年真题中出错较多的句子加以分析,以求给大家练习的时侯多一份参考。 A. 小错误有如下三种类型: 1) One or two wrong spellings in one word. (单词拼写错一到二个字母。) (1)October is usually the busiest month in the academic calendar. (2010) October is usually the busiest month in the academic calender. (-0.25)(2) They remain all their lives, square pegs in round holes. (2008) They remain all their lifes, square pigs in round holes. (-0.5) 2) Of punctuations and capitalization . (标点符号、大小写的错误) (1) To solve this problem,the Chinese again came up with the solution. (2004) To solve this problem the Chinese again came up with the solution. (-0.25) (2) For many people in the west, New Year’s Eve is the biggest party of the year. (2009) For many people in the west, new year’s eve is the biggest party of the year. (-0.75)

专四写作评分标准

专四写作评分标准 The document was finally revised on 2021

一、命题作文 满分15分,分五个等级,14分、11分、8分、5分和2分,可以酌情加一或减一分,但不得加或减半分。 具体标准为: 14分:切题。表达思想清楚,文字通顺,连贯性较好,基本无语言错误。 11分:切题。表达思想清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语言错误。 8分:基本切题。表达思想比较清楚,文字上连贯,但语言错误较多,其中有少量严重错误。 5分:基本切题。表达思想不够清楚,文字连贯性差,有较严重的语言错误。 2分:条理不清,思想紊乱,语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误,且多数为严重错误。 交白卷,或作文与题目毫不相干,或只写几个单词,以0分计算。 评分对于字数的要求:累计字数在150-170之间,扣1分;130-150之间,扣2分;110-130之间,扣3分;90-110之间,扣4分;90以下,至多给5分。若照抄提示中原句,均不得计入所写字数。 TEM4(2007)便条评分标准 一. 格式:(占3分)

包括日期,称呼,和结尾三部分,各占一分。 1.日期(date): 正确:April 24th ,2007/ April 24, 2007/ April 24/24 April 2007/4/24/2007 24/4/2007(Apr.也可以,任何一个日期都可以) 2.称呼(Heading): 正确:(Dear)Mike:(,)/ (Dear)Hilda:(,) (缺逗号或冒号,扣分) 位置在日期下面一行左侧。 3. 结尾(Ending): 正确:Yours sincerely,/Yours,/ Sincerely yours,/ Sincerely, (缺逗号,扣分) Sincerely, Mike, Hilda (若在一行扣 Yours sincerely (两个单词的首字母都大写扣) 若名字没写或人名XXX(或Mike/ Hilda)扣1分。 4.格式需前后一致,如全左或全右,若不符合,扣1分。 凡不符合上述正确格式或表达均要扣分。错一部分扣1分。最多扣3分。 二.内容(占2分) 本便条必须包括如下内容: 1.拒绝(1分) 2.理由(1分) 三.语言(占5分) 1.首句需用自己正确的语言表达,若完全抄提示扣1分。 2.5分中有一分是语言的得体性。语言风格与情景不一致,扣1分(如:Yours truly,Truly yours,If you consent , etc). 只有语言较好才得分。

2019年12月英语四级听力50篇:45 The Influence of Life

2019年12月英语四级听力50篇:45 The Influence of Life 2018年12月英语四级听力50篇汇总 英语四级听力50篇:45 The Influence of Life In the early times when human beings hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings as the other lower animals did. When they learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel, they cut down trees. They also burned clearings in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that human beings fed upon. This development led to famp3ing and the domestication of animals. Fire provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as setting up families, fomp3ing societies and founding cities. Useful words and Expressions: 1. interact with 与……组合 2. clearing 空旷地 3. grazing 放牧,牧草 4. domestication 驯养,驯服

英语专业四级评分标准

英语专业四级评分标准 总括 听写15分 听力30题15分,0.5分一个 完型20题10分,0.5分一个 单选30题15分,0.5分一个 阅读20题20分,1分一个 作文15分 便条10分 听写评分原则 1.听写共分15小节,每节1分,扣分一律写在试卷右边的空白处。大错误下面画线。小错误用圆圈表示,重复错误用三角记号表示。 2.每节最多扣1分。 3.重复错误,仅扣一次分。 4.错误共分两类:小错误(minor mistakes)和大错误(major mistakes),分别扣 0.25分和0.5分。 A.小错误: 1)单词拼写错一到两个字母。例: steadily → staedily;harbor → habor 两个字母以下的词、次序颠倒算小错。 2)标点符号错误(含大小写)。例: World War I → world war one , and then adopted → . And then adopeted 3)冠词、单复数错误。例: until the beginning → until beginning; parent → parents 4)小错误扣分标准:小错误在一节中出现一次,留作总计;出现两次:扣0.5分;出现三次:扣0.5分后留作总计;出现四次:扣1分。 5)未扣分小错误的扣分标准: 累计2 ~ 4 个:扣0.5分 累计5 ~ 8 个:扣1分。 B. 大错误:漏写、加词、造词、换词(冠词作小错计)、大移位、时态错误,每个错误扣0.5分。例: loved → love;task — test;trip — trap;flee — flea;have finished — finsh(ed)5. 一些特例的扣分标准: 下列情况不扣分: World War I → World War One race car → racecar well-balanced → well balanced 90 percent → 90% 6. 总分只有0.5分时,以1分计算;其余总分中如含小数点的,小数舍去,保留整数,如12.5 → 12;7.5 → 7 7. 空白卷一律打0分 2011年TEM 4专业四级考试题型 卷序题各部分题型题数考试时间(分钟)

2011英语专四听力真题及答案

PART Ⅰ DICTATION 1. Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE. In the late 1970s, air travel became affordable for the average family in the UK, and more people started travelling abroad for their summer holidays. After all, the British weather wasn’t very good, even in summer, so a lot of people left the country for a vacation. In the 1980s and 1990s, young people in the UK became wealthier on average. As a result, they started to go abroad in groups to places such as Spain and Greece. Once they arrived at their destination, they met with other groups of young people and had one long party. British holidaying habits have begun to change, however. Climate change means that the UK now has a hotter climate, so people do not need to go overseas to find good weather. Also, going abroad is more expensive. As a result, more British people are choosing to spend their summer holidays in the UK. PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two. SECTION A CONVERSATIONS In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation. 1. Which of the statements about the auto show is INCORRECT? A The show will have more stands this year. B The show will have more visitors this year. C The number of overseas visitors will be the same this year. D The number of exhibition days will be the same this year. 2. According to the conversation, the price for a stand would include A a catalogue B a poster C two desks D four chairs. 3. Dining the conversation, the man seems to be more interested in A the size of the show.

2010年英语专业四级听写答案及听写评分标准

2010年英语专业四级听写答案及听写评分标准 Freshmen's Week Britain has a well-respected higher education system and some of the top universities and research institutions in the world. But to those who are new to this system, it can sometimes be confusing. October is usually the busiest month in the academic calendar. Universities have something called Freshmen's Week for their newcomers. It's a great opportunity to make new friends, join lots of clubs and settle into university life. However, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends behind, the prospect of meeting strangers in classrooms and dormitories can be worrying. Where do you start? And who should you make friends with? Which clubs and society should you join? Luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you. They worry about starting their university social life on the right foot. So just take it all in slowly. Don't rush into anything that you'll regret for the next three years. 附:专四听写评分原则: 1. 听写共分15小节;每节1分。 2.每节最多扣1分。 3.重复错误,仅扣一次。 4.错误共分两类: 小错误(minor mistakes)和大错误(major mistakes)。 A. 小错误: 1)单词拼写错一到二个字母。例:inconvenient—unconvenient,inconvient;originally--origionally, originally;knives———nives。 2)标点符号错误:一when When;To solve this problem,the—To solve this problem the… 3)冠词,单复数错误:shells—shell;with a solution—with the solution。4)小错误扣分标准:小错误在一节中出现一次,留作总计;出现 两次,扣0.5分;出现三次,扣0.5分后留一小错做总计;出现四次(以上),扣1分。

(完整版)历年英语专四听力真题答案和原文.doc

2000 年专四听力答案 PART I DICTATION What We Know About Language Many things about language are a mystery and will remain so. / However, we now do know something about it. / First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. / No human race anywhere on earth is so backward / that it has no language of its own at all. /Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. / There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped, / but the languages they speak are by no means primitive. / In all the languages existing in the world today,/ there are complexities that must have been developed for years. / Third, we know that all languages are perfectly adequate./ Each is a perfect means of expressing its culture. /And finally, we know that language changes over time, / which is natural and normal if a language is to survive. / The language which remains unchanged is nothing but dead. PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A CONVERSATIONS Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. M:Jill,have you registered with the next semester? W:Not yet, there's still something that I'm not sure. Do you know if Professor Smith's economics 102 is still available to all undergraduate students? M:No, I don't think so. Last semester I tried to register in that course but all the other people told me not to. W:Why not? M:They said that my lack of knowledge in higher mathematics might be an obstacle in understanding Professor Smith's theory. W:Really? M:(I ) Jack tqld me that Professor Smith usually uses lots of formulas inside class. So you'd better make sure that you are extremely familiar with these formulas if you are seriously considering taking his course. W:What a shame I (2)My friends all told me that Professor Smith has lots of original ideas and he really can stimulate students to think. But I don't think I have the mathematical skills to keep up with the others. M:lf you want to take the course so much, why don't you register in a course in higher mathematics first? W. But I'm afraid that I will miss Professor Smith's course when I finish the mathematics course. M:Hey, I heard that Professor Smith would give the same course in the semester that starts next fall. ( 3 ) Why don't you take a year's higher mathematics and register in economics 102 the next fall? W:That sounds a good idea. I. [ B] 推断题。根据 ''They said that my lack of knowledge in higher mathematics might be an obstacle in understanding Professor Smith's theory. 可知,缺少高等数学知识会阻碍理解史密斯 教授的理论,所以学习经济学需要有高等数学知识,因而[ B]项伟正确答案。 2. [D] 细节题。文中提到 ''My friends all told me that Professor Smith has lots of original ideas and he really stimulate students to think. ”由此可知,史密斯教授有很很多新颖的观点,斌且

相关文档
最新文档