托福听力对话场景高频词汇

PART 1

托福听力对话场景高频词汇

校园设施类：

dormitory n.宿舍auditorium=lecture hall n.会堂, 礼堂computer lab 计算实验室,机房dining hall=canteen=refectory食堂; cafeteria.自助餐厅administration building 行政大楼main building 主楼wing/annex 配楼teaching building 教学楼enrollment 登记, 注册opening ceremony n.开业典礼, 仪式commencement ceremony 毕业典礼convocation.正式会议(可指简单的毕业典礼)orientation meeting 开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman (大学)一年级学生sophomore (大学)二年级学生junior (大学)三年级学生senior (大学)四年级学生tuition, fee 费用placement test 开学测试excellent 出色的average 平均的,一般的below average 低于平均水平的,差的

校园人员类：

university- president 大学,校长chancellor 名誉校长college 学院school 学院graduate/grad school研究生院dean 院长principal 中学校长professor 教授associate professor 副教授assistant professor 助理教授coordinator 班主任,协调人counselor 辅导员advisor 指导老师instructor 讲师tutor 个人辅导supervisor 管理人undergraduate 本科graduate 研究生custodian管理人faculty教工，系receptionist前台接待员registrar课程注册员教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者,顾问president 大学校长teacher/faculty 教师student's advisor 学生顾问physicist 物理学家mathematician 数学家chemist 化学家historian 历史学家statistician 统计学家

学科类：

学科major 主修minor 副修science 理科, arts 文科, engineering 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies 教育学,教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学类型required、compulsory course 必修课selective/optional course 选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座discussion 讨论会seminar 高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程workshop 专题课程,讨论会级别Introductory 入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite 先修课程，必要前提上课:Attend class 上课Miss class 缺课Skip class 逃课Syllabus 教学大纲Required textbook 要求的课本Attendance 出勤Grading system 打分体系Class participation 课堂参与semester/term 学期quarter 小学期course guideline 课程纲要major 主修minor 副修exemption 免修syllabus 教学大纲Professor’s signature 教授的签字(用于注册课

程)Course cap 课程容量(可以招收的学生数),openings (可供注册的名

额)Take 选(课), drop 退(课)Late registration 晚注册

作业类:

assignment=homework = coursework = schoolwork 作业lab report 实验报告book report 读书报告project 作业presentation 发言term paper 学期论文(research paper) thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期刊social investigation 社会调查survey 调查questionnaire n.调查表, 问卷observation n.观察interview v./n.采访，面试collect data 收集数据broad (论文等)内容宽泛narrow down (论文等)缩小范围source (写论文的)参考资料critical thinking

评判性思维lack your own ideas 缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期due date/time 期限outline n.大纲, 提纲(roadmap)

bibliography n 书目, 参考书目reference 参考plagiarism n. 抄袭revise v. 修改rewrite v. 重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲,陈述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调

考试类:

mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-home exam(拿回家的开卷考试, 一般有限定的时间)open-book exam 开卷考试subjective test 主观性测试objective test 客观性测试pop quiz 抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n 估价appraisal n.评价, 估价make up for 补

考,resit=retake 重考grade=mark =score分数perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全A be all A's and B's 全是A和B B plus B 加 A minus A 减pass the exam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭,学位,证书reference

letter/recommendation letter 推荐信，Certification 认证，qualification 资格, qualified 合格的Resume, CV financial aid 经济援助Scholarship

Fellowship Teaching assistantship 助教奖学金Research assistantship 研究奖学金Grant 助学金Loan 贷款Need-based 以需求为基础Merit-based 以优秀为基础Student union 学生会Clubs 俱乐部Membership 成员资格Career service

图书馆类:

library 图书馆librarian 图书管理员publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography 参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk 借书处reserved books 馆藏书(只能在图书馆内借阅)library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal 在线期刊video tape 录像带back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志archive 档案non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科

幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理(借、还)手续renew 续借overdue 过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台

delivery/circulation desk 借书台shelf n.书架photocopy room 复印室return area 还书处students locker 学生存储间reference section 参考书部

住宿类：

宿舍:accommodation n.住处, 膳宿residence hall 宿舍suite 套间studio 工作室,独立套间village 村落(校内一栋一栋的房子, 可以用做宿舍)lounge n.公共大厅(可以用做娱乐) home-stay 在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate 同屋者,室友corridor n. 走廊,过道,租房lease n.租借, 租约landlord 房东landlady 女房东rent 租金tenant 房客patio n.阳台, sliding door n.推拉门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartment house key 房锁匙床上用品:pillow n.枕头bed linen n. 床上用品sheet n. 被单mattress n.床垫

blanket n.毯子towel n.手巾, 毛巾quilt n.棉被electric appliance(instrument; equipment) 电器heater, furnace 加热器,炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机(laundry 洗衣店)utensil 器皿;用具kitchen utensil 炊具oven 烤箱;烤炉range 煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机(hot-water) heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶refrigerator (freezer) 冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD 机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修,保养bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch 沙发chest 柜子;橱;箱子dresser (bureau) 梳妆台cabinet (电视机等)机箱;储藏柜;陈列柜cupboard (closet) 碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture (房屋)固定装置furnishings 室内陈设personal possessions/property/belongings 个人财产get insurance for possessions/property/belongs garbage/rubbish/waste n.垃圾dispose v. 处理gas meter 煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼

leaking/leakage n. 泄漏lost key 丢钥匙break in 闯入

PART 2

托福听力学术讲座高频词汇

文学

pose散文diary日记autobiography 传记editorial 社论narrative prose叙述性descriptive prose 描写性essay随笔poetry 诗歌ballad民谣lullaby催眠曲fiction 小说allegory寓言fairy tale童话legend传说proverb 谚语model人物原型leading character主人公main plot主要情节prelude序曲prologue序言epilogue 尾声literary criticism文学批评literary studies文学研究schools of literature文学流派comparative literature比较文学realism现实主义surrealism超现实主义futurism未来主义modernism现代主义aestheticism唯美主义

音乐

musical instrument乐器orchestra（管弦）乐队shook rattle摇拨浪鼓pound dru 击鼓foot beat跺脚note 音符score乐谱movement 乐章fanatical狂热的hillbilly music乡村音乐folk music民间音乐pop music流行音乐classical music古典音乐Jazz爵士乐symphony交响乐rock and roll摇滚乐band music / wind music管乐string弦乐violin小提琴viola中提琴cello大提琴harp 竖琴horn号；喇叭clarinet 单簧管oboe双簧管keyboard instrument键盘乐器percussion震荡/打击乐器vocal music声乐concerto协奏曲sonata奏鸣曲serenade小夜曲solo独奏/独唱duet二重唱conducting指挥podium指挥台accompaniment伴奏quality音质volume音量chord和弦harmony和声rest 休止time节拍lullaby催眠曲prelude 序曲epilogue尾声

建筑

architecture建筑学architect建筑学家construct结构wing 辐楼/侧楼design设计elevator电梯skyscraper摩天大楼design element设计元素log structure原木结构cabin小木屋beam梁prototype原型building technique建筑工艺new material新材

料metal-frame金属结构repair person修理工planetarium天文馆aquarium水族馆archives档案馆office building 写字楼cathedral大教堂mosque清真寺the statue of liberty自由女神像the triumphal arch凯旋门sphinx狮身人面像pyramid 金字塔castle城堡

美术

fine arts美术oil painting油画water color水彩画tempera 蛋彩画sketch速写/素描pastel 彩色蜡笔画poster海报/招贴画charcoal drawing木炭画mural painting / fresco壁画engraving版画lithograph石板画landscape painting风景画still life静物画portrait肖像画caricature漫画pigment颜色，色素canvas油画布brush 画笔drawing board画板perspective透视画法original 原作copy临本reproduction / replica复制品genuine真的fake假的gallery美术馆autograph真迹panorama 全景画calligraphy书法paste裱糊impressionistic style印象派风格framing装框sculpture 雕塑sculptor 雕塑家figurine小雕像bust 半身雕塑像statue塑像animator漫画家

人类学

artist艺术家choreographer舞蹈编排家critic 批评家satirist讽刺作家inventor发明家biographer自传作家sculptor雕塑家feminist 女权主义者humanitarian人道主义者imagist 意象派诗人philanthropist 慈善家proprietor业主mortal 犯人precursor先驱figurehead 名誉领袖disciple 学徒apprentice学徒mechanic机械工minimalist简单抽象派艺术家avant-garde前卫派territory领域genre风格/体裁eccentric古怪的odd怪诞的/奇数的erratic奇怪的weird怪异的/不可思议的romantic浪漫的innocent天真的/无罪的lovelorn相思病苦的emotional情绪的/情感的sentimental感伤的/多愁善感的cheerless无精打采的/无生命力的patriarchal 家长的/族长的rigid僵化的spare简朴的clumsy笨拙的zigzag曲折的contemporary 当代的acclaimed受欢迎的preeminent 杰出的versatile（人）多才多艺的/（物）多功能的household家庭的/家喻户晓的genuine真正的authentic逼真的/原汁原味的symbolic象征性的immortal不朽的/神nostalgia怀旧主义/思乡emotive感人的

prodigious巨大的classic 经典的posthumous

心理学

infant 婴儿kid儿童teenager 十三至十九岁的人young people 年轻人adult 成年人old people/the aged/elderly people /senior citizens老年人mature成熟的majority多数人minority少数人conformity从众，一致individual个体,个人self-reliance依靠自己,自立behaviour行为,举止behaviorism行为主义psychoanalysis.精神分析egocentric自我中心的;利己主义的mental心理的founder创始人Archimedes.阿基米德Plato柏拉图mental process思维过程thought思想,想法cognition认识cognitive capacity认知能力motor运动motivation动机;积极性;推动intention意图,目的intuitive直觉的hypotheses 假定，假说conscience道德心,良心virtuous善良的;有道德的curiosity好奇心patriarchal家长的/族长的internal 内部的external外部的;表面的optimism乐观;乐观主义generous慷慨的,大方identity身份;同一性fame名声,名望spiritual心灵的soul灵魂;心灵physical身体的,物质的,物理的

habit习惯muscle肌肉sign language手语,符号语音throat喉咙,嗓子larynx = voice box喉头subjective 主观的objective 客观的positive/negative electrode正/负电极maze迷宫questionnaire 问卷subject 受实验对象obsession 困扰deaf聋的blind 盲abnormal 反常的distracted 心烦意乱的amnesia健忘症,记忆缺失

动物学

zoology动物学Darwinism达尔文学说natural selection自然选择phylum门class 纲order目suborder亚目family科genus属species 种invertebrate无脊椎动物vertebrate脊椎动物aquatic life 水生动物reptile爬行动物amphibian/amphibious animal两栖动物protozoa原生动物rodent啮齿动物ruminant反刍动物parasitic animal寄生动物primate灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk软体动物coelenterate 腔肠动物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore食草动物mammal哺乳动物homotherm 恒温动物cold-blooded animal冷血动物poikilotherm变温动物scavenger食腐动物

carnivorous食肉的herbivorous食草的omnivorous杂食的bird鸟类camouflage伪装hibernate冬眠；蛰伏regeneration再生predatory / carnivore食肉的predator捕食者prey捕食hordes/swarms（昆虫等）群flock（牛、羊等）群community动物的群落或人的部落population种群herd兽群hygiene卫生sanitation公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper诱捕动物者niche小生态环境vestige 退化器fertilizer使受精metabolism新陈代谢breed （名词）品种；（动词）繁殖multiply / reproduce繁殖spawn（鱼、虾、蛙等）孵anatomy解剖学appetite食欲creature生物scales鳞feathers羽毛armor甲spinal cord脊椎digestive system消化系统excretory system排泄系统reproductive system 生殖系统circulatory system循环系统respiratory system呼吸系统hormonal system 内分泌系统digestive duct消化管esophagus食管stomach胃small intestine小肠large intestine大肠anus肛门digestive gland消化腺salivary gland 唾液腺liver肝gallbladder胆pancreas胰squirrel松鼠marten貂bat蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗moose驼鹿beaver海狸elk麋鹿reindeer驯鹿giraffe长颈鹿rhinoceros犀牛hippo 河马sloth树懒slothful懒惰的frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪salamander蝾螈scorpion蝎子turtle龟lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色龙caymen / crocodile鳄鱼centipede蜈蚣robin知更鸟owl猫头鹰barnacle北极鹅penguin企鹅canary金丝雀chirp（鸟、虫的叫声）vulture秃鹫crane鹤stork 鹳ptarmigan雷鸟migrate迁移plumage 羽体camouflage伪装wing翅膀bill（鸟）嘴beak（鹰等的）嘴insect昆虫wasp 黄蜂hornet大黄蜂spider蜘蛛pest害虫worm虫/蠕虫cicada蝉mantis螳螂cockroach蟑螂earthworm蚯蚓antenna / tentacle触须larva幼虫jellyfish水母nettle fish海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼shrimp小虾prawn对虾lobster龙虾crab螃蟹mussel贻贝；蚌类clam蛤蜊oyster牡蛎sponge海绵starfish海星squid 鱿鱼；乌贼burro / octopus章鱼sole鳎；鳎目鱼plaice鲽，红斑比目鱼

植物学

botany植物学botanical / botanic植物学的horticulture 园艺学aquatic plant水生植

物parasite plant 寄生植物root根canopy 树冠层/顶棚foliage / leaf叶leaflet小叶rosette（叶的）丛生stem茎stalk杆leafstalk叶柄shoot / sprout嫩芽/抽枝flower 花bud花蕾petal 花瓣peel / skin果皮shell（硬）果壳husk（干）果壳/（玉米）苞叶trunk树干bark树皮branch树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝jungle 丛林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧场prairie 大草原mosses苔藓shrub / bush灌木cluster 一簇（灌木）fern蕨类植物horsetails木贼类植物club mosses 石松类植物herb 草photosynthesis 光合作用chlorophyll 叶绿素symbiosis共生symbiotic 共生的wither / shrivel / fade凋谢blossom花pollen花粉pollinate传授花粉petal花瓣nectar 花蜜tissue组织organ器官system系统seeds 种子everlasting永久的crossbreed 杂交root pressure根压bore腔/肠cohesion-tension凝聚压力column花柱necrosis 坏死barren贫瘠的；不生育的futile无用的carbohydrate (starch) 碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白质vitamin 维他命malnourished 营养不良的nutrition 营养perennial多年一生的annual一年一生的verdant 绿油油的，嫩绿的，翠绿的evergreen常青树conifer tree 针叶树larch落叶松pine松树spruce云杉juniper 刺柏；杜松sequoia红杉elm榆树walnut核桃树redwood 红木树plum blossom梅花orchid兰花chrysanthemum菊花water lily荷花/莲花rhododendron 杜鹃花rose 玫瑰carnation康乃馨lily 百合jasmine茉莉花helianthus / heliotrope / sunflower向日葵camellia茶花corn / maize / mealie玉米pumpkin南瓜tomato 番茄lettuce莴苣cabbage 卷心菜wheat 小麦rye 黑麦barley 大麦oats燕麦

气象学

meteorology气象meteorologist气象学家meteorological station气象站forecast / predict预报climate气候atmosphere大气层troposphere对流层stratosphere平流层mesosphere 中间层ionosphere电离层exosphere逸散层cold front冷锋warm air mass热气团current（气）流moisture潮湿，水气spell某种天气持续一段时间vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp / moist / humid潮湿humidity 湿度moisture潮湿/ 水分saturate饱和dew露frost 霜fog / mist 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水condense浓缩crystal水晶体sheet（水、冰、雪的）一层downpour / torrential rain大雨tempest

(storm) / torrential rain暴风雨drizzle细雨shower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard / snowstorm暴风雪avalanche / snow slide 雪崩precipitation（雨、露、雪等）降水thunder 雷breeze微风sandstorm 沙暴monsoon季风gale大风whirlwind 旋风typhoon台风hurricane飓风tornado / twister / cyclone龙卷风wind scale风级tsunami / seismic sea wave海啸tidal wave潮汐；浪潮upper atmosphere上层大气funnel漏斗云disaster / calamity / catastrophe灾难devastation破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾convection对流wind velocity风速wind direction 风向long-range forecast长期预报numerical weather prediction数值天气预报nephanalysis云层分析；卫星云图

环境科学

ecosystem生态系统balance of nature自然界生态平衡fauna动物群flora 植物群rain forest雨林food chain 食物链acid rain酸雨greenhouse温室效应infrared radiation红外线辐射ozone layer / ozonosphere臭氧层ultraviolet radiation紫外辐射pollution control污染控制air pollution 空气控制water pollution 水污染noxious / toxic 有毒的fumes（有毒的）废气waste 废物solid waste固体废物sewage / wastewater 污水sewage purification污水净化swage disposal污水处理decibel（噪音）分贝fossil fuel矿物燃料process of photo synthesis光合作用solar energy太阳能nonrenewable不可再生的energy conservation保护能源resource资源energy source能源资源tidal energy 潮汐能fuel-efficient节能型的rush hour高峰期zero emission零辐射wildness野生/天然preservation保护atmosphere大气carbon碳dioxide 二氧化物burning of coal and oil煤油燃烧global warming全球变暖greenhouse effect温室效应rise in sea level海平面上升long-term climatic change 长期的气候变化environmental recycling center再循环利用中心litter/trash garbage 垃圾pollutant污染物desertification沙漠化deforest 滥伐森林drought干旱water shortage 水源缺乏offshore spillage 近海岸溢出carbon dioxide release 二氧化碳排放industrial sewage工业污水recycling再循环purify 净化deteriorate恶化acid rain酸雨sewage disposal污水处理environment protection环境保护ozone layer臭氧层waste disposal废物处理emission（汽车废气的）排放soot烟尘El Ni?o厄尔