专业英语浙江自考1月试卷及答案解析
浙江省2018年1月高等教育自学考试
专业英语试题
课程代码：00196
PART ONE
Ⅰ.Choose an answer for each blank (10 points, 1 point for each item)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。（每小题1分，共10分）
1.The motorcoach industry in the United States earns billions of dollars each year carrying travelers to ( ) places and over short distances.
A. in-the-way
B. by-the-way
C. out-of-way
D. on-the-way
2.A ( )is a combination of several travel components provided by different suppliers, which are sold to the consumer as a single product at a single price.
A. theme park tour
B. skiing tour
C. museum tour
D. package tour
3.In order to be effective salespersons, travel agents must have ( ) of geography, time zones, equipment differences such as aircraft types, differences in service standards by country or supplier, routings, travel regulations, and so on.
A. knowledge
B. skill
C. experience
D. management
4.Travel is a(n) ( ). It engages all the five senses and heightens awareness of one’s own milieu.
A. way
B. skill
C. experience
D. method
5.Every commercial sector of the tourism industry recognizes that its future depends increasingly on the ( ) of its products.
A. quantity
B. amount
C. quality
D. package
6.The weather is one of the main factors in leisure tourists’ ( ) of a particular destination.
A. choose
B. choir
C. choke
D. choice
7.Since 1950, international tourism receipts have ( ) at the rate of 12.3% from US$2.1 billion to US $279 billion.
A. increased
B. decreased
C. updated
D. changed
8.A product is something that is developed, manufactured, grown, or extracted, and then offered for sale ( ) satisfy customer needs.
A. for
B. in order to
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C. to get
D. to make
9.Early people tended to stay in one place. Travel was essentially happened by ( ) or the need to escape danger.
A. happiness
B. anger
C. hunger
D. necessity
10.After one has traveled to a particular place, he tends to be more ( ) news items or television programs about it.
A. interesting in
B. interested in
C. interests at
D. interested at
Ⅱ.Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案。（每小题1分，共10分）
When we think of ___11___, we think of people who are visiting a particular place for pleasure, business, visiting friends and family, taking a vacation, or for other purposes. When these people travel, they have ___12___ for all kinds of tourism services such as transportation, accommodations, or travel arrangements. Tourism demand is met by the concentrated effort of a wide range of tourist services. Together these services form one of the world’s largest and fastest growing industries—the ___13___ industry. While some of the services are crucial to the generation and satisfaction of tourist’demands, others are only of peripheral or supportive significance. This presents difficulties in determining what constitutes the tourism industry.
Tourism is the ___14___ of the travel and stay of people. The tourism product ___15___ essentially of transport, accommodations and attractions. The suppliers of these services, as McIntosh and Goeldner define, are those organizations that actually ___16___ the transportation, offer the accommodations, make the arrangements, and provide entertainment for travelers.___17___ suppliers include airlines, shiplines, railways, and ground operators. ___18___ suppliers include hotels, motels, resorts clubs, condominiums, timesharing resorts, and the various man-made facilities designed to attract the tourist, such as stately homes and other buildings, catering facilities, amusement parks and activity centers. ___19___ of travel arrangements are mainly retail agencies, tour operators and tour wholesalers. These services may be ___20___ in a variety of ways to tourists. (lesson 35)
11. A. tourism B. tour C. tourists D. travel
12. A. demarcation B. demands C. demanding D. demean
13. A. hospitality B. tourism C. airline D. catering
14. A. outcome B. income C. out come D. in come
15. A. consistency B. consists C. consistent D. consisting
16. A. supple B. supply C. support D. apply
17. A. Food industry B. Transportation C. Catering D. Travel agency
18. A. Catering B. Accommodation C. F & B D. Attraction
19. A. Suppliers B. Supply C. Supplies D. Supplied
20. A. distributes B. contributes C. contributed D. distributed
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Ⅲ.Reading Comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each item)阅读下列短文，并从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。（每小题2分，共30分）
Passage One
A Case of complaints
Client A: Untrained clerks can be rich mines of misinformation. I have been told, by chits of girls and spotty youths working for reputable agencies, that I can’t buy a package to Florence at four days’notice without insuring against cancellation, that they’re not allowed to issue an unreserved rail ticket to Newcastle unless I furnish them with my private telephone number, that only charter flights go to Nice, that there are no direct flights from London to Boston, and so on. Such misinformation often results from mis-read timetables, ill-digested computer print-outs and half-understood regulations. The supervisor will sort out such misunderstanding, of course, but what you then have is a sullen clerk doing everything woodenly by the book.
And then, in this as in every other branch of the service industry, you get staff who just don’t like the work, who roll their eyes and sigh when the client dithers between one resort and another, or who are otherwise offhand, lackadaisical, in a sulk with the boss or just plain stroppy.
I would certainly give short shrift to any agency where any of the following overheards seem likely to be overheard:
“No, I’m sorry, it’s completely booked up, apparently.”
“Do you think you could come back tomorrow? We’re closing soon.”
“I’ll see what we can do, but I’m afraid we can’t make any promise.”
“I’m afraid you’ll have to make your own arrangements for the rail part of the journey when you get to Bombay.”
“I’ll double-check if you like, but I don’t hold any hopes.”
“We don’t offer that service any more.”
“We can only make a request for the hotel of your choice, but you must pay here and now.”
“It’d show up on the computer if there was any space on that flight-I don’t see what else I can do.”
“I’m afraid that’s against company policy.”
“I’ll specify your requirements, but I can’t guarantee you’ll get that particular room.”
“I don’t have to look it up-I know.”
21.The author believes that untrained clerks ( ).
A. always give accurate information
B. always give good information
C. often give wrong information
D. often give interesting information
22.The misinformation may result from ( ).
A. mis-read timetable
B. ill-digested computer print-outs
C. half-understood regulations
D. all the above
23.The reason that some staffs roll their eyes and sigh when the client dithers between on resort and another is ( ).
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A. they feel their job boring
B. they don’t like the work
C. they are impatient
D. they are stone-hearted
24.“It’s completely booked up.”means ( ).
A. It has all been reserved.
B. There are many books about the resort.
C. The books have been sold out.
D. It can be seen in books.
25.The word “double-check”means ( ).
A. two checks
B. check again
C. don’t check
D. check unwillingly
Passage Two
The natural environment is a major attraction for tourists. Visitors tend to be attracted to areas that are scenic, that offer a pleasant climate, and have distinctive landcapes. In order to cater to tourists, a certain amount of development is necessary. Roads must be built to make the area accessible, lodgings to house tourists and restaurants to feed them must be available. The more the area is used, the greater will be the impact. Then there comes a point when more people use the area than can be supported by it. The result is that some costs start to be involved in the development of tourism, and in most cases, tourism is in conflict with the environment.
Tourism affects the environment in a number of ways. It may have direct environmental impacts on the quality of water and air, and on noise levels. Sewage disposal into water will add to pollution problems the way the use of powered boats will on inland waterways and sheltered seas. Increased application of the internal combustion engine for tourist transport, and oil burning to provide the power for a hotel’s air conditioning and refrigeration systems, add to the diminution of air quality, and noise levels may be dramatically increased in urban areas through discos and night clubs, and by increased road, rail and air traffic.
26.Which of the following isn’t correct?
A. Seldom travelers like to visit natural environment.
B. Many travelers like to visit natural environment.
C. The natural environment is the most attractive place for travelers.
D. Most travels go to the natural environment for it’s a major attraction for tourists.
27.In order to cater to tourists, what kind of development is necessary? Choose the most proper answer.
A. Make the greater impact.
B. People should make much more valuable to much more areas.
C. Roads must be built to make the area accessible, lodgings to house tourists and restaurants to
feed them must be available.
D. Reminding the roads, build much more hotels.
28.What result will come when more people use the area than can be supported by it?
A. That comes some costs starting to be involved in the development of tourism, and in most
cases, tourism is in conflict with the environment.
B. That comes some costs starting to be involved in the mass tourism industry.
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C. That comes some costs starting to be involved in the environment building.
D. That comes some costs starting to be involved in the development of environment.
29. Tourism affects the environment in a number of ways, except which one?
A. Sewage disposal into water will add to pollution problems the way the use of powered boats
will on inland waterways and sheltered seas.
B. Oil is burned to provide the power for a hotel’s air conditioning and refrigeration systems, add
to the diminution of air quality.
C. It may have indirect environmental impacts on the quality of water and air, and on noise
levels.
D. Noise levels be dramatically increased in urban areas through discos and night clubs
30. According to this passage, tourism industry development will make what kind of impact on
environment?
A. Tourism development will affect on environment much more disadvantages.
B. Tourism development will affect on environment much more advantages.
C. Tourism development will affect on environment both disadvantages and advantages.
D. Tourism development will affect on environment nothing.
Passage Three
Special events can equally well create the need for traveling, to pursue an activity or hobby, or to learn something new. Almost 8% of people come to Aldebburgh in June specifically for the Aldeburgh Festival. Visitors to the Bath Festival in May 1986 spent more than 12 million pounds in the city excluding ticket sales. It was estimated from researches that about a quarter of a million visitors were from outside the area. The British Arts Festival Association represents over 30 of Britain’s major festivals and they flourish throughout the year not just in the peak summer months. Of course, an Arts Festival should not be the only choice. Off-peak business can be generated around significant sporting events, or major exhibitions. Events can be created around a literary figure, a religious figure, a musician or an artist and especially if it marks an important anniversary.
For the pursuers of special interest, weather is not vitally important any more. The same is true to the senior citizens, for whom lying on beaches nowadays is not as appealing as it was several decades ago. Even if climate is an important consideration it needs not be a deterrent if we consider the number of hotels, which have developed indoor leisure complexes over the past decade. Take man of Britain’s attractions for example, they are not weather dependent, such as the theaters and concert halls, the museums and galleries, the castles and historic houses. The Rhyl Sun Center and Blackpool’s Sandcastle are not weather dependent. They are not new facilities, but controlled climates.
A tourism marketing personnel must be sensitive to the needs of a rapidly changing market and be able to provide visitors with what they want at a price they are prepared to pay. Many places in the world have the capability of being a destination all the year round and ever day of the week, but it requires imaginative development, flair, innovation and creative marketing.
Seasonality is a perennial problem confronting tourism marketing personnel. Filling the
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troughs is major challenge, because better utilization of the product over the whole year means full employment, increased profitability and consequent re-investment in the product for future expansion.
31.About 8% of people come to Aldeburgh in June specifically for ( ).
A. the Aldeburgh Festival
B. the Bath Festival
C. the British Arts Festival
D. exhibitions
32.It’s estimated from researchers that about ( ) visitors were from outside the area.
A. 1,00,000
B. 1,000
C. 250,000
D. 25,000
33.Now ( ) is no longer vitally important for the pursuers of special interest.
A. money
B. sports events
C. weather
D. historic factors
34.A tourism marketing personnel must be sensitive to the needs of ( ).
A. rapidly increasing facilities
B. rapidly changing market
C. full employment
D. re-investment
35.The word “perennial”means ( ):
A. serious
B. troublesome
C. lasting for a long time
D. short-term
Part Two
Ⅳ.Word Spelling (20 points, 1 point for each item)请将完整的单词写出。作为提示，每个单词的词类、首字母及意义均已给出（每小题1分，共20分）
1.agreeable curious, esp. in an old-fashioned way (adj.)q______
2.happening without apparent external cause; self-generating (adj.)s______
3.exclusive control by one group of the means of producing or selling a commodity or service (n.) m_______
4.the choice between two mutually exclusive possibilities (n.)a____
5.shortage(n.)c____
6.spoil the appearance or shape of (n.)d____
7.total avoidance of alcoholic drinks (n.)t____
8.having or bringing general respect or admiration (adj.)p____
9.dwelling or situated on an island, that results from isolation or is characteristic of isolated people (adj.)i____
https://www.360docs.net/doc/f17471379.html,cking social experience or grace (adj.)g____
11.mass of ice, formed by snow on mountain, moving slowly along a valley(n.)g____
12.natural spring sending up at intervals a column of hot water or steam (n.)g____
13.a trip through wild country, esp. in east or central Africa and usually for hunting big animals (n.) s____
14.to give clear evidence of(v.)e____
15.strong, sudden, and often violent or severe (adj.)d____
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16.a component, frequently interchangeable with other, for assembly into an integrated system (n.) m____
17.(of time, amount, number, etc.) same; equal (adj.)e____
18.place where arms are kept (n.)a____
19.a person with educated taste in food and drink (adj.)g____
20.a record in a book of accounts of money spent or owed (n.)d____
Ⅴ.Translation from Chinese into English (15 points, 3 points for each item)将下列译成英语。（每小题3分，共15分）
1.宣传品是旅游销售中必不可少的。
2.季节性是旅游营销人员所面临的重要问题之一。
3.旅游服务在整个旅游产品中占据着主要地位。
4.心理类型问题只是旅游动机中的一个因素。
5.他们已经建立了良好的旅游管理系统。
Ⅵ.Translation from English into Chinese (15 points, 3 points for each item)将下列各句译成汉语。（每小题3分，共15分）
1.Visitors always notice at the skills and attitudes of employees.
2.In the span of 50 years，the airline industry has grown from infant to giant.
3.Visiting friends and relatives is an important travel motivation.
4.Tourism is seen by some social researchers as a performance of human being.
5.The lodging industry is a part of tourism.
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艺术设计专业英语翻译考试范围
段落翻译 1、Shopping centers provide building enclosures to enable the buying public and the retailing industry to do business. For thousands of years,these enclosures and the spaces between have been evolving as a changing reflection of the overall society,its products and delivery systems.After World War II significant programmatic changes in society broadly changed the design of shopping centers.A more affluent middle-class spread into the emerging suburbia and relied on the automobile as if it were a body part. The result was the development of the typical enclosed mall and strip center accessed only by car and located in the suburbs. 购物中心是为购物的大众和零售行业提供做生意的场所，千百年来，这些场地及其空间在不断演进，反映着整个社会的边画，包括其产品及传送系统，“二战”之后，重大的，有步骤的社会变革极大地改变了购物中心的设计，更富裕的中产阶层嵌入不断涌现的城郊居住区，并且像对待自身的一部分那样依赖汽车。结果就是典型的封闭式商场以及只有汽车才能进入的位于城郊的下场商业街区的发展。 2、The shopping center fo the future will be viewed more as a flexible business enterprise adapting to and in competition with many other product delivery and entertainment systems and less as a relatively unchanging real estate asset.While location will still be a key to real estate,the design,merchandising,and promotion of shopping centers will become equally important.Thus,to attract paying customers,the shopping center designs of the future will reflect the demands of the customers of the future:competitive pricing and higher levels of service with convenience,entertainment,sophistication,and excitement. 未来的购物中心将更多地被看作是灵活的商业企业，与许多其他的产品传送和娱乐体系相适应、相竞争，而不是一个相对来讲没有什么变化的不动产但对于不动产而言方位任是一个关键，购物中心的设计规划和营销奖同等重要。这样，为吸引有支付能力的顾客，未来购物中心的设计将反映未来顾客的需求：有竞争力的价格、提供便利、娱乐，兼具综合性和刺激性的更高水准的服务。 3、Many people searching for personal fulfillment have found inspiration in the Arts &.Crafts Movement.The movement emphasized the importance of useful,creative work to the individual and to society as a whole.Ideas about’the simple life’.’back-to-the-land’.and self-sufficiency were part of its philosophy as were issues around healthy eating and dress reform. 许多追求自我完善的人们在工艺美术运动中得到启示，这一运动从整体上强调实用的、创造性的作品对于个人各社会的重要性。“简单生辉”、“回归土地”和自给自足的理念是其知道思想的一部分正如它们也曾是围绕健康饮食和着装改革所占开的话题。 4、Crafts education is an important legacy of the Arts & Crafts Movement.The movement emphasized the importance of creativity but also encouraged individuals to learn through practical experience.The movement invigorated the teaching of embroidery and handwriting in primary schools from the early 20th century.Craft teaching in secondary schools,art colleges and teacher training colleges was heavily influenced by the practical’hands-on’approach of the movement while craft manuals and materials produced by firms such as Dryad provided many individuals with a first-hand experience of arts and crafts. 工艺教育是工艺美术运动的一份重要遗产。这一运动强调创造性的重要，但同时也鼓励个人从实践经验中求知。从20世纪早期开始，这一运动就倡导在初级学校中展开刺绣和书法的教学。在中等学校、艺术院校和师资培训中展开的工艺教学在很大程度上收到该运动所提出的“动手”实践方法的影响，同事有诸如德瑞艾达公司所提供的工艺手册和相关原料也为很多个人提供了对于工艺美术的第一手经验。 句子翻译 1、…even in childhood was possessed of a romantic attachment to forests and gardens and flowers and birds which,with his interest in mediaevalism,would recur in his art,his poetry,and his fiction for the rest of his life.”圣旨还在幼年时期，他对森林、花园、鲜花和鸟就有着浪漫的依恋之情，同事伴随着对中古风情的浓厚兴趣。这些在他以后的绘画，是个和小说中都的到体现。“此处，which指代前面所说的romantic attachment. 2、Morris and his friends and acquaintances decorated the house themselves in properly mediaeval fashion,building all the furnishings,designing stained glass windows,painting murals,and weaving tapestries,and discovered that they enjoyed it.”莫里斯和他的朋友和熟人们一道依据中世纪的风格装修了这所房子，制作了全部的家具、设计了玻璃嵌花窗、绘制了壁画、编制了挂毯等，从中得到了不少的乐趣。”building…,designing…,painting…,weaving…,一组由现在分词阴道的状语从句描述了“装修”的具体行为。 3、The Grand Hyatt Shanghai,for example,has a trio of inspirations:ttraditional Chinese,Western art deco,and contemporary design,From the exterior to the smallest interior detail,this design pays homage to tradition and changes in Chinese architecture.例
(完整版)艺术专业中文词汇及其英文翻译
设计的分类（英语） 1 设计Design 2 现代设计Modern Design 3 工艺美术设计Craft Design 4 工业设计Industrial Design 5 广义工业设计Genealized Industrial Design 6 狭义工业设计Narrow Industrial Design 7 产品设计Product Design 8 传播设计Communication Design 8 环境设计Environmental Design 9 商业设计Comercial Design 10 建筑设计Architectural 11 一维设计One-dimension Design 12 二维设计Tow-dimension Design 13 三维设计Three-dimension Design 14 四维设计Four-dimension Design 15 装饰、装潢Decoration 16 家具设计Furniture Design 17 玩具设计Toy Design 18 室内设计Interior Design 19 服装设计Costume Design 20 包装设计Packaging Design 21 展示设计Display Design 22 城市规划Urban Desgin 23 生活环境Living Environment 24 都市景观Townscape 25 田园都市Gardon City 26 办公室风致Office Landscape 27 设计方法论Design Methodology 28 设计语言Design Language 29 设计条件Design Condition 30 结构设计Structure Design 31 形式设计Form Design 32 设计过程Design Process 33 构思设计Concept Design 34 量产设计，工艺设计Technological Design
工业设计专业英语第三版部分翻译
艺术装饰风格 被宣告是“唯一一个总体设计”，艺术装饰必然是在众多消费者中间找到观众的最高产的设计之一。虽然它起源于19世纪20年代高度专有的法国手工裁剪装潢艺术，但它通过利用廉价的新金属材料，塑料和玻璃而发展迅速，找到了便宜，短期利用，并可以大批生产的装饰用品，如香烟盒，香水瓶，家庭用的陶瓷和玻璃，流行纺织品及各种装饰物，还有可以像鸡尾般甩动的物品。作为一种装饰风格它可以运用于无数物品的形状和表面装饰，因而赋予它们全部以相同质量的瞬间的现代性和时尚性。 就像许多这个世纪其它的流行风格一样，艺术装饰风格扎根于高雅文化，例如，立体主义、俄国芭蕾、美洲印第安风格和欧洲纯粹主义，但是相对其他文化而言，艺术装饰风格取长补短，装饰特征表现得更为折衷一些。结合艺术装饰风格在1930年代流行的因素，大规模批量生产使用新材料是商品价格相对低廉的必要条件。但这些是远远不够的，更深层次的原因是艺术装饰风格具有典型的适应性。在那段经济萧条的时期，豪华奢侈的装饰风格所带来的美感让当时的消费者有了逃避现实的放松心情。艺术装饰风格的宣传方式也促进了它的流行，艺术风格被好莱坞应用于多种流行电影中。通过影片媒体使大量观众接触到装饰风格，除此之外，艺术装饰风格也运用在广告和包装上，使其有效的影响了大量的环境之外，艺术装饰风格也影响到了建筑领域，许多新场所也运用了这种风格，美化建筑的外表，那些新商业的
娱乐楼房，例如商场电影院，工厂，甚至于新的豪华游轮，它也被利用于在1933年芝加哥展览之中。艺术装饰风格开始象征着高效率的现代化生活和新的生活理念，这种动人的方式随着人们对时尚性和社会地位的追求与渴望，艺术装饰风格得到了大量消费者的高度喜爱地位。 艺术装饰的大量应用伴随着消费产品的需求。但是，从不好的方而来看，艺术装饰风格只是作为一种中档的艺术手法，来装饰非常廉价的商品甚至留有一种杂乱的感觉。在英国有一群针对低端市场开发产品的地毯制造商，他们意识到了这个新潮流里的商业潜力。 但是，这些地毯制造商也很注意他们消费群里的保守心理，因此，即使是在一块地毯里的花紋也会出现那些很传统的1案象是老式的叶子造型和较灰暗的颜色。这种设计的消费市场不同于那些要不就是现代型或是完全传统的设计方案。1920年代到30年代，英国都铎王室的一些新居住者和新建筑的到来，使工艺美术运动和现代风格可以较为自由的发展和合理的被采用.这些各异的艺术风格也被按照使用者的喜好不同加入到地毯的设计之中。在20世纪30年代的中期，改良过的艺术装饰风格在数不清的家居装饰里都可以看到"在花园门饰上，无线电机的面板装饰上，阿芝台克寺庙的壁炉上和那些扶手椅和沙发的几何形体上。"
艺术设计课程名称中英文对照表
文化课： 大学英语 College English I 计算机基础 Fundamentals of Computers 思想道德修养与法律基础 Moral Cultivation and Basic Lawsl 形式与政策 National and International Situations and Policiesl 创新方法 Innovative Method 大学英语技能拓展综合实践 College EnglishComprebensive Skills practice 中国近代史纲要 An Introduction to Chinese Modern History 马克思主义基本原理 Basic Principles of Marxism 毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论 Mao Thought & Theoretical System of China Socialism 经济学基础 Fundamentals of Economics 专业课： 色彩 Color 素描 Sketch 艺术设计导论 Design Introduction 摄影基础 Foundation of Photography 构成基础 Basic Principles of Structure Basic Principles of Structure
现代设计史 History of Modern Designing 美术鉴赏 Art Appreciation 人工图学 Manual Picturing 写生 Sketching 装饰基础 Fundamentals of Decoration 版式设计 Typographical Design 广告设计 Advertisement Design 实用广告学 Practical Advertising 图形创意 Graphics Creativity 文字设计 Character Design 中国画基础 Basis of Traditional Chinese Paintings 中外美术史 History of Chinese and Foreign Art 包装设计 Packaging Design 民族艺术研究与考察 Ethic Arts Research and Check 商业插画 Commercial Illustrator 数字摄影与后期 Digital Photography and Post 当代艺术思潮
多媒体及艺术设计专业英语chapter 8参考译文
参考译文： 8.1 对三维艺术家的采访 请介绍一下您自己 我叫托马斯·科欧丁-约根森，我生于1975年8月4日。目前，我住在丹麦的腓特烈斯堡，靠近哥本哈根。还是一个小孩子时，我就开始涂涂画画，大约十五年前我开始接触电脑。我的职业生涯有六年了，起初是为电脑游戏制作画面，以后转到制作动画——商业性质的短片。 我现在作为三维动画师受雇于A．Film ApS公司，它是斯堪的纳维亚半岛最大的动画工作室之一，主要业务是传统动画，最近几年来扩展到计算机图形领域。 您喜欢什么样的题材? 从某种程度上讲，我喜欢尝试各种不同的风格，但是我想我永远不会丧失对卡通风味的三维形象的兴趣。我确实喜欢创作略带滑稽味道或很酷的激动人心的场景或人物，带有我自己的想像和梦幻。 您的强项是什么? 我想我在建模和设置灯光方面有进展。建模和整个作品的合成在很大限度上有赖于我的绘画技巧——我不是说我是最好的艺术家，但你要靠自身的想像力来做事时，具备绘画能力是有帮助的。不过要确定我的强项是有些困难的，我认为让观众来决定更好些。 您最喜欢的建模方式是哪一种? 我喜欢的建模方式是多边形建模。我也喜欢NURBS建模和面片建模，但至少在MAX 里我只打算用多边形建模。 您喜欢用什么样的建模技巧? 当我作角色头部时，我通常从细节非常粗略的球体入手。然后将它转为可编辑网格体。在用NURBS建模时也是如此——我用只具备极少多边形或节点的物体来塑型。在物件的“堆栈”上方我再加上某个平滑工具，这样我就可以看到想要达到的最终效果。 通常当我做头部时只做头部的一半，然后将这一半作镜像复制。用这种方法我针对左半部工作时所引起的变化也在右半部发生。 当我用多边形建模进行工作时，相对于NURBS建模和面片建模而言，我感到可以更自由地进行切割、分裂和拉伸等操作。尽管我想NURBS建模的最终渲染效果要好一些。因此我在场景中常常结合NURBS和多边形两种形体。 您认为MAX在建模方面有哪些特点? 我喜欢在MAX里建模。我感觉MAX的简单易用的界面和它的整个结构确实有助于场景建模，同时还便于将各式各样的插件和现有的标准工具进行结合。我发觉它的确涵盖了我在做三维时所产生的绝大部分需求。 您自己绘制纹理吗?手绘和真实采样的纹理其比例是多少? 我工作中几乎所有的纹理都是手绘的。我得说手绘纹理和真实采样的纹理，其比例在50比1左右。然而我还将大量的程序纹理和手绘纹理相结合。比如我使用大量特制的噪波(或者烟雾、凹痕、渐变)纹理来作遮罩，或者作为与手绘纹理相结合的遮罩，或者作为凸凹贴图或发光贴图。 您认为MAX的渲染器怎么样? 我认为MAX的渲染器就目前而言相当好。但我不想把注意力过多地放到渲染器上——我想你必须理解材质、灯光、投影等最基本的东西。在实际生活中要尽力挖掘渲染器的潜力。比如用光辐射这种想法是很好的，但速度太慢了，以至我常常无法得到预想的效果。作为替
多媒体及艺术设计专业英语Chapter 3 Web Design
Chapter 3 Web Design 本章目标设计： 通过本章关于网页设计的学习，能利用已有专业知识理解本章中的英语专业文章，运用构词法与记忆技巧识记本章中的专业词汇，翻译专业词汇、句子和段落，进而为掌握专业英语其它相关专业知识打下基础。 I．能力目标： 1．能利用已有专业知识理解英语专业文章； 2．能完成关于网页制作相关知识的实训； 3．会利用网络查找最新的网页设计技术动态； 4．运用翻译技巧进行专业词汇、句子和段落翻译。 II．知识目标： 1．了解网页设计的编程语言； 2．分析网页设计在艺术设计中的作用； 3．掌握本章中的专业词汇； 4．掌握翻译技巧。 III．情感目标： 1．培养专业英语学习的兴趣； 2．形成良好的英语学习方法。 3.1 Internet Service Function Task 1: Enumerate the Web browsers we often use. Task 2: Write down what did you do with the Internet in English. Task 3: Talk about how to send out an E-mail. Task 4: Explain how to use FTP in your studying. Task 5: Contrasts FTP with the World Wide Web, then speaks out the difference between them. Once your computer enters into a connection with the Internet, you will find that you have walked into the largest repository of information. The two most popular Web browsers are Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator. A Web browser presents data in multimedia on Web pages that use text, graphics, sound and video.
艺术设计专业《专业英语》课程标准
艺术设计专业《专业英语》课程标准 课程名称：专业英语 Specialized English 课程编号： 适用专业：艺术设计（传媒艺术与公关设计） 课程学时/学分：32 / 2 实验（创作、制作、上机）学时/学分： 审定人： 开课部门： 一、本课程的性质与目的 课程性质：《专业英语》是艺术设计学院传媒艺术与公关设计专业的一门体现本专业的学科方向和特色的必修课程。该课程，也是一门与社会、经济和人文的发展密切相关的综合性学科。 主要任务：专业英语的教学目的是在完成基础阶段的教学后让学生及时转入专业英语的听、说、读、写阶段。使学生从学习性听说读写到应用性听说读写，通过一定学时的专业英语学习，巩固已经掌握的基本词汇和语法知识，提高英语应用能力，使学生能达到以英语为工具，获得专业所需要的信息，并能根据场合需要进行基本的语言交流。 二、课程讲授的主要内容 1．单元主题(Recognizing the bases for marketing management) Needs wants and Demands(需求、欲望和要求) Offerings and brands(产品和品牌) 2．单元主题(Assessing market orientation and customer value) Economic environment(经济环境) Demand measurement(需求测量) 3．单元主题(Choosing value) Local marketing(本地市场) Brand Image Differentiation(品牌形象区分) 4. 单元主题（Offering value） Why new products fail-and succeed(为什么新产品失败和成功)
艺术设计专业英语
艺术设计专业英语 artist n. 艺术家；美术家（尤指画家）；大师 painting n. 绘画；油画；着色 beauty n.美；美好的东西 create v.创造；创作 enhance v. 提高；加强；增加environment n. 环境；外界 sculpt n. 雕刻品v. 造型；雕刻sculptor n. 雕刻家 portrait n.肖像 self-portrait n.自画像 photographic medium摄影媒介photograph n. 照片 reveal v.揭露，揭示 truth n.真理，事实 icon n. 图标；画像 canvas n. 画布 immortalize v.不朽，永恒 express v.表达 religious beliefs 宗教信仰 stone cut n.石刻 stencil n. 模版，蜡版fantasy n.幻想 image n.肖像；形象 object n.物体；对象 emotion n.情感；情绪 stimulate vt. 鼓舞，激励，激发intellect n.思维能力，理解力，领悟力traditional view 传统观念conceptual art 概念艺术 record v.记录，记载 commemorate v.纪念 experience n. 经历, 经验, 体验palette n.调色板 pink n.粉色 purple n.紫色 blue n.蓝色 reflect v.反映 context n.环境；上下文photographer n.摄影师 Fine Art 美术 elevate v.提升 commonplace n.平凡的事物 collage n.拼贴画 aesthetics n.美学 meet v.满足 need n.需要 visual elements 视觉元素principle of design 设计原理style n. 风格 form n. 形式；形态；形状
设计类常用英语单词
设计专业英语常用单词汇编 一、平面设计常用英语单词 平面设计graphic design 企业识别系 统corporate identity system 企业视觉形象计 划corporate visual identity program 标识logo 标识图案logo pattern 标准字体logotype 商标trademark 标准色彩house color 独特风格house style 提案及制定该机构视觉形象计划的形象标准手 册corporate design manual 视觉辨认力测 试legibility test 色彩样本条colour swatch 提案presentation 纸类stationery 营业报告书annual report 理念识别Mind Identity 行为识 别Behaviour Identity 视觉识别Visual Identity 商标、标 志trademark and signs 包装设计packaging design 书籍装祯book binding 商业美术commercial arts 商业摄 影commercial photography 字体设 计literature design 橱窗设计window display 容器造 型container modelling 插图illustrations 广告advertisement 美术 字artistic calligraphy 广告画、宣传画poster 手提袋hand bag 购物袋shopping bag 美国广告协会 AAAA the American Associatio n of Advertising Agencies （在广告公司和广告客户之间起联系作用的）广告负责 人account executive 即兴广告adlib 广告advertising 广告代理人、广告公 司advertising agency 广告代理 人advertising agent 广告经纪人advertising broker
艺术专业英语词汇
艺术专业英语词汇picture, painting 图画 frame 画框 chassis 画布绷架 canvas 画布 studio 画室 pinacotheca 画廊,美术馆 easel 画架,调色板 palette 画板 pigment 颜料 charcoal pencil 炭笔 palette knife 调色刀 spatula 绘画抹刀,刮铲 brush 画笔 stroke 一笔 finishing touch 最后一笔 painter画家 artist 大师, 艺术家 painting, drawing 画(名) paint, draw画(动) study 习作 sketch素描; 草稿 pencil sketch 铅笔素描 charcoal sketch 炭笔素描 line drawing 线条画 caricature 漫画 watercolor 水彩画 gouache水粉画; 树胶水彩画 oil painting 油画 brush drawing 毛笔画 Chinese painting 国画 drawing from nature 写生画 portrait 画像 self-portrait 自画像 cave painting, rupestrian painting 石洞壁画 painting in fresco 壁画 tempera painting 胶画 gouache 树胶水彩画 pastel drawing 蜡笔画 wash 水墨画 sanguine 红铅笔画 miniature微型画; 小画像；细密画 engraving 版画
mechanical drawing 机械画tracing 临摹 chiaroscuro 单色画 design 描绘 triptych, triptich 三联画model 模特 nude 裸体画 profile 轮廓 foreshortened figure 透视画法landscape 风景画 seascape 海景画 still life 静物画 tapestry 壁毯 perspective 透视画 coloring 色彩 shade 阴影 work 作品 work of art 艺术作品masterpiece 杰作 plastic arts 造型艺术 graphic arts 形象艺术graphic design平面设计graphic designer平面设计师Fine Arts 美术 art gallery 画廊,美术馆 salon 沙龙 exhibition 展览 collection 收藏 author 作者 style 风格 inspiration 灵感,启发 muse 灵感 conceptism 格言派,警名派Byzantine 拜占庭式Romanesaue 罗马式 Gothic 哥特式 Baroque 巴洛克式 Rococo 洛可可式classicism 古典主义,古典风格neoclassicism 新古典主义romanticism 浪漫主义realism 现实主义symbolism 象征主义
华理艺术设计专业英语复习范围.doc
Landscape and Urban Planning(第一本) 1、ABSTRACT This paper traces evidence of the influence of the landscape on peopled health, from ancient times to the present day, noting how access to nature and attractive green spaces has been a recurring theme in descriptions of therapeutic environments and associated healthy lifestyles. It describes how the theme of health in the picturesque debates of eighteenth century England (including such concepts as "active curiosity5) was taken up and developed in arguments for the nineteenth century urban park movement in England and North America. Recent theories on the mechanisms behind health benefits of nature and access to landscape are compared with claims made in the nineteenth century and earlie匸The importance of access to the landscape appears to be as relevant as ever in the context of modem urban lifestyles but the need for better evidence and understanding remains- 2> This paper takes such themes and looks back in history to understand how links between landscape and health have been described, conceptualized and explained in the pas匸The focus is on positive associations between health and landscape, rather than on environmental hazards and pollutants or on negative experiences of wilderness and nature, and it explores the role of the landscape as a salutogenic context, not simply as a therapeutic place for those who are ill. 3^ While standards of evidence demanded for public policy and practice today are different from those of previous centuries, people have identified connections between the landscape and health throughout history, and attempted to understand the mechanisms and reasons behind this relationship. 4> A recurring characteristic in these descriptions of paradise is the healthful nature of the garden, supporting human beings in every way, providing delight to every sense. They go beyond descriptions of landscapes that merely provide physical sustenance 一food and water - to places important for all aspects of human wellbeing and that appear to resonate throughout history as an ideal kind of landscape for living. 5> What is of particular interest for the themes of this paper, however, is the recognition of the restorative and preventative health benefits to be obtained from gardens and the wider landscape for the healthy as well as the sick? 6、The therapeutic nature of landscape experience and the basis of responses to that experience were themes taken up even more avidly by humanist philosophy and the aesthetic debates of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. 7、In the eighteenth century, the arguments tended to focus on the benefits to be obtained for the privileged few in society. More recent historical attitudes note how landscape and health are seen as inter-connected issues of concern for all levels of society. 8> We see, in the parks movement, less emphasis on the psychological and emotional benefits of landscape and more on physical health and prevention of disease as the primary aim of access to parks and green spaces. 9 > What is interesting about the arguments put forward by Olmsted and his contemporaries for the health benefits of parks is that they bring together the