商务英语 英文版 文件综述

Summary of International Business files

姓名：郭洪菊

学号：2009130912

院系：商学院

班级：2009级市场营销一班二Ｏ一二年三月十八日

Abstract International Business is developing fairly rapidly. Two of China's development of international trade is growing fast, so we have to understand what is international business, to carry out the status of the motives of international trade and international business, the importance of the grasp of international business development of new features and new problems, new trend. Of these changes on a trading power of China has great influence on the characteristics of international commerce, to make some macro recommendations.

Key words International Business motivation Development trend Development history

一．Foreword

With the development of economic globalization, the national market is to converge into a huge global market. Are you willing to tide of economic globalization are almost mandatory national economies to a more closely integrated system, which makes private capital to become the international capital flows, the main international economic system is facing restructuring, high-quality talent without borders dependence concentric flow between countries to strengthen international business activities has become an integral part of the forest based on the world of action and effort.

二．Subject

(一) A Definition of International Business

International business consists of transactions that are devised and carried out across national borders to satisfy the objectives of individuals, companies, and organizations. It is a general concept, refers to the international market demand-oriented, and enterprises engaged in business activities between two or more countries or regions. Therefore, the international companies are not yet a recognized uniform definition. Activities, the scope, nature and degree of involvement are difficult to distinguish clearly difficult to define. On the contrary, the general concept touches apt, because of the prominent international enterprise business purpose is to satisfy the needs of the international market, and business activities have gone beyond the borders.The definition has two implications: First, international business is a cross-border activity. National, corporate or personal economic interests for the purpose of commercial economic activity.

Contemporary international business activities through three ties: the international shopping malls, multinational corporations, international treaties and international organization.

The definition of inter national business focuses on transactions. The use of this term recognizes that doing business internationally is an activity, not merely a passive observation. Closely linked to activity is the term

“satisfaction” It is crucial that the participants in international business is satisfied.

However, subject to constant change, international business is as much an art as a science. Yet success in the art of business depends on a firm grounding international its scientific aspects. Individual consumers, policymakers, and business executives with an understanding of both aspects will be able to incorporate international business considerations into their thinking and planning.

(二)The development of the international business history International business development can be divided into the following phases:

1.The smooth development of the early 20th century before World War II

Early 20th century, the international business investment in resource development and economic crop production still accounts for a large proportion of international companies in the manufacturing sector began to develop, and international companies have begun to gradually take off the cloak of "political mission" to the enterprise their own interests as its main business objectives. Active area of foreign investment, concentrated in the old capitalist countries of Europe, the United States to meet the domestic demand, as companies are busy little regard for foreign

investment. In 1929 the world's first truly international AG - Youniliefu the Unilever Company, was officially inaugurated, which is the merger of Lever, The Brothers’ company established in 1885 in Liverpool, England and the Netherlands Margarines Unite company. The company was founded around the world to set up production and marketing agencies, so vibrant, both ways.

Overall, this stage due to frequent wars, international upheaval, the ups and downs of the world economic situation, international investment and business activities are not very active in the development of international companies is relatively stable, not much increase in the number. On the other hand, the political color of the international investment gradual elimination of international companies to be the face of these economic organizations in the world within the normal development of the foundation for future prosperity.

2. Rapid period of development after World War II

The rapid development of international companies in this period is characterized by the rapid growth of international companies and representatives.

The first few years after World War II, European countries are committed to economic reconstruction; businesses have no time to its international business activities, while U.S. companies have come from behind in the big hair "war profiteering" on the basis of gradually over European

countries. In the U.S., the rise of the modern marketing concept of "market-oriented features, to meet domestic customer desires, the vertebra to the market, resulting in domestic demand quickly reach saturation, the market competition is very intense, thus reducing corporate profits , coupled with U.S. antitrust laws strictly limited, so that enterprises in the domestic market marketing difficult. European-based international market in great demand, the prospects is very attractive. Thus, many U.S. companies have turned to the international market, with its abundant capital, superior technology, a wealth of business management experience, and through direct investment, especially in the international market to gain a foothold on the European market and develop.

3．Since the 1980s, the new development trend of international trade Newly industrialized countries and other developing countries and regions have begun to actively participate in the external investment activities, the international companies to developing countries and regions of the home country. China, for example, since the opening-up policy in 1978, on the one hand, to attract foreign investment, and actively set up foreign-invested enterprises, has established more than 174 000 enterprises in more than 10 years, the actual utilization of foreign capital of $ 61.8 billion. On the other hand has also accelerated the pace of international operations of the enterprise, and actively develop the sea

inclined enterprises. So far, the various types of overseas enterprises have been established 936 overseas investments amounted to $ 1.5 billion. China International Trust and investment companies and investment trust companies have been approved by the United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations for multinational corporations.

（三）The motives of the international business

Motivation, engaged in international business activities are divided into the proactive motivations and reactive motivations

PROACTIVE MOTIV ATIONS

1. Profits are the major proactive motivation for international business. Management may perceive international sales as a potential source of higher profits margins or of more added-on profits.

2. Unique products or a technological advantage can be another major stimulus. A firm may produce goods or services that are not widely available from international competitors.

3. Special knowledge about foreign customers or market situations may be another proactive stimulus. Such knowledge may result from particular insights by firm, special contacts an individual may have, in-depth research, or simply from being in the right place at the right time. Although such exclusivity can serve well as an initial stimulus for international business, it will rarely provide prolonged motivation

because competitor can be expected to catch up with the information advantage.

4. Tax benefits can also play a major motivating role. Many governments use preferential tax treatment to encourage exports.

5. A final major proactive motivation involves economics of scale. International activities may enable the firm to increase its output and therefore rise more rapidly on the learning curve.

REACTIVE MOTIV ATIONS

1.Reactive motivations influence firms to respond to environmental

change and pressures rather than blaze new trails. Competitive pressures are one example. A company may worry about loss domestic market share to competing firms that have benefit from the economics of scale gained through international business activities. Further; it may fear loss foreign markets permanently to competitors that have decided to focus on these markets.

2.Similarly, overproduction may represent a reactive motivation. During

in the domestic business cycle, foreign markets can provide ideal outlet for excess inventories.

3.Declining domestic sales, whether measured in sales volume or

market share, have a similar motivating effect.

4.Excess capacity can also be a powerful motivator. If equipment for

production is not fully utilized, firms may see expansion abroad as an

ideal way to achieve broader distribution of fixed costs.

5.The reactive motivation of a saturated domestic market has similar

results to that of declining domestic sales; again, firms in this situation can use the international market to prolong the life of their good and even of their organization.

6.A final major reactive motivation is that of proximity to customers and

ports.

(四)The role of International Business

1.It can give full play to the role of the international division of labor, use of international resources to economic development.

2. Countries can achieve the value of domestically produced goods and value-added, the expansion of foreign exchange earnings and fiscal revenues.

3. States can take advantage of international technology transfer, diffusion of benefits.

4. You can expand the market scope and scale of production, and to obtain economies of scale.

5. Can contribute to the improvement and upgrading of domestic industrial structure and economic structure.

（五）The development trend of international Business

1. International Business entered a new round of growth period

Due to the influence of the global financial crisis, global economic slowdown in the more likely, the future of international trade growth is difficult to more than economic boom level, but can still maintain the state is more stable growth. The revolution of science and technology, electronic commerce and the further development of trade liberalization, more and more countries of the market opening strategy.

2. International business structures towards high grade business structure high grade and the upgrading of industrial structure are list, from the change of three outstanding characteristic look: one is the traditional primary products proportion drops, manufactured goods proportion continue to rise, and the second is high-tech export growth, the three is modern service trade rapid development.

3. International direct investments to promote international business has become a more and more of the main strength International direct investment increased more than the international business growth, and corresponding with capital flows, multinational globalization operation has become the important content of international trade. The countries out two requirements; One is an all-round into international economic stage, not for trade two trade, 2 it is to pay attention to the quality of the trade, enhance the trade on economic growth pull role.

4. The electronic commerce leads the new trend of international

business

In recent years the Internet application range extremely expansion, for international business brings profound changes. This change is not only reflected in the realization of the trade form, also affect the essential contents of the trade and development concept. The electronic commerce realized the trade of network, no BianJieHua and individuation, can effectively break the natural and artificial limit, has the operation cost is low, the wide range of users, mutual communication strong sexual characteristics, on behalf of the 21st century international business development direction,.

5. International trade pattern stability change

The United States, Europe, Japan is still three global trade power, between them the power directly influence the growth of international business of the general pattern. Developing countries in recent years the proportion of trade has increased, China is an obvious example, but still huge gap between the north and south, developing countries still at a disadvantage.

（六）The current international business development are faced with the problem

1. Comprehensive market race is becoming increasingly fierce (1) International trade field already became the various countries' of its

competition, become an important form of expression and national competitiveness.

(2) Make efforts to expand the trade between the two countries the international market share

(3) The different development level of regional and bilateral contact between countries as more and more frequent and trading power form apparent competitive situation

2．Business protectionism pattern is renovated, emerge in endlessly

(1) The developed countries still with high tariffs and quotas import restrictions

(2) The new trade protection public figure

In general，the current international trade development of these new trends and issues, the world economic and trade development have a

far-reaching influence. Therefore, see our country faced with dialectical international trade environment, should see opportunities exist challenge, also want to see challenges included in the opportunity for the domestic development space, create more favorable investment more favorable conditions.

（七）The current international business conditions on the China international business enlightenment

1. to deal with the economic and trade relationship between the great powers, expand the economic development of China external space.

2. Positive development of regional economic cooperation and multilateral economic and trade relations, to promote the establishment of China's economic development in the global free trade system

3. Accelerate transformation of foreign trade growth mode, namely to speed up foreign trade from grew in number to quality win

4. Improve the trade friction to work level and build for the development of external environment

Macro Suggestions.

1. Enterprises to establish a global marketing concept;

2.To learn to design international business strategy and international management, the cultivation of multinational operations personnel as the international operations of this;

3.Importance of technological innovation, cultivate independent brands, enhance their market competitiveness.

Micro Suggestions

https://www.360docs.net/doc/f66599349.html,ernment to provide a more relaxed policy environment for enterprise internationalization;

https://www.360docs.net/doc/f66599349.html,ernment to provide the service for the internationalization of enterprises, such as to provide international market information, legal advice, financing guarantees, training the personnel of international operations.

三.Conclusion

All in all, the activities of international business, personal, corporate, and even countries can benefit from it. Individuals will get more purchasing information, the choice of goods and services, either in quality or quantity to have a wider space; enterprises will the world know how to conduct effective multinational operations, and know how to seek their own growth and development opportunities; cost doctrine, according to David Ricardo's comparative advantage, international business allows a country to produce good products, labor-saving, efficient allocation of resources, promote the improvement of national income, to promote exchanges with the world, international trade can bring a national science, technology, technical information updates. Therefore, international trade has become an indispensable and imperative that efforts and actions.

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