2015年高中英语疑难探究代词it可以指代状语从句的内容素材
代词it可以指代状语从句的内容
有网友问，以下句子中的 it 到底是什么词？作什么句子成分？
I don’t like it when you shout at me.
I would appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will be coming.
国外权威辞书《朗文英语语法》、《英语用法指南》以及国内赵振才教授，都认为it是形式宾语。对此，我有不同的看法。我认为：
1.以上两句中的it，并非“形式宾语”，而是“真实宾语”，it是实实在在的人称代词，它替代的是when从句和if 从句的内容：分别为“你朝我大喊大叫”和“让我知道...”这两件事情。
2.when和if仍然是两个状语从句，仍然表示时间和条件概念。其实，代词it在从句之后或之前均可，或者说，主句和从句位置可以互换。例如：
If I can get home by eight o’clock, I call it good luck.
If you could keep it to yourself I’d appreciate it.
He would much appreciate it if you could do him that favour.
She won’t like it if you arrive late.
it除了充当主句的宾语，还可以充当主句的主语。例如：
If you came earlier, it would be better.
It would be awful if he found out the truth.
It would be a shame if you lost it.
it指代if从句的内容，也是主句的主语。
这里，既然代词it可以代替if从句的内容作主语，那么，为何不能代替if从句的内容作宾语？
3.英语是“逻辑语言”，句子的外在形式和内容是和谐统一的。从句既要表达出“条件”或“时间”概念，主句还要保持成分的完整，没有了代词it，就缺少了宾语。因为两个状语从句是无法作宾语的！
4.从“语用学”的角度分析：英语为了表达简练，无论条件句还是时间句，既要表示主句谓语发生的条件或时间，其内容也可以充当主句的某种成分（用代词it表示，避免重复从句的内容）。
5.受汉语习惯的影响，英语中有些情况下的条件句和时间句，似乎翻译不出来，所以就认为如何如何。如果单纯用汉语的思维理解问题，无视英语句子自身的规律和表达方式，无异于作茧自缚。
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高中英语-状语从句练习题及答案详解
状语从句练习题 3.Those passengers will wait here____ the bus arrives. a. until b. because c. though d. as 4.Hardly had we reached home ____ it began to rain. a. before b. than c. as soon as d. when 5.No sooner had we arrived at the cinema___ the film began. a. than b. before c. when d. as soon as 6.You can ’ t watch TV ____ you’ ve finished your homework. a. since b. until c. as d. after 7.We had scarcely left our school____ the rain began. a. before b. than c. while d. when 8.We have never seen her again_____ she went to work in another city. a.when b. as c. since d. while 9. ____ the fight stopped, travel across the country has been quite safe. a.Since b. When c. After d. Unless 10. They were just about to leave____ the telephone rang. a.before b. when c. as d. than 11.. He hurried out of the room____ the meeting was over. a.the moment b. a moment ago c. after a minute d. a minute after 12..---“ Did you catch the first bus this morning?”
第五讲-高中英语状语从句详解
状语从句 一：状语从句的定义、功能、分类 定义：在复合句中作状语的从句 功能：状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，或整个主句 分类：按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。位置：从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。 二：考点与难点 1、各种从属连词的含义及用法比较； 2、no matter wh- 与wh-ever 引导的从句的区别； 3、状语从句的时态问题； 4、状语从句倒装及省略； 5、状语从句与其它从句的区别。三：九种常见状语从句用法 1. 时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的从属连词 1）.基本类：before、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、once, as soon as, etc. 2）. 名词类 the moment ,the minute, the second, the instant,etc. (一…就…); every time, each time, the last time, the first time, the day, the year, the morning etc. 3）. 副词类：immediately, directly, instantly, etc. (一...就...) 4）.句型类：no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…, etc. (一…就…) 注意：1. when, as, while When ①when表示时间点时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示时间段时，用持续性动词。Eg:. When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in. （when表示段时间） 2). He waved a hello when he saw her.（when表示点时间） ②. 可用作并列连词，其意义为“这时,突然”，相当于and then suddenly。常用于下列句式： be doing / be about to do sth/ be on the point of doing / have/had done + when Eg.1). I was about to go out when the door bell rang. 2). One evening I was having my dinner when an unexpected friend knocked my door. ③. 还可以表示原因,意思是“既然”，相当于since; considering that Eg. 1). It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes . 2). How can he get good grades when he won't study? While ①while通常表示一段时间，从句中常用持续性动词作谓语。 Eg: Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 ②while有时可以作并列连词，表示对比，可译成“然而……”。 Eg: 1). I am fond of English while he likes maths. ③while有时可引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然”。 Eg. While they love the children, they are strict with them. As ①表示一边……一边……，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。 eg: She is singing a song as she took a bath. ②as表示随着 eg: As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer. 2. till, until和not…until 1）until /till用于肯定句时，表示直到…为止，主句必须为持续性动词。