大学考试英语四级考试写作应试技巧

大学考试英语四级考试写作应试技巧
大学考试英语四级考试写作应试技巧

大学考试英语四级考试写作应试技巧写作的评分依据是:切题、条理、语言和字数。所谓切题就是看你写的作文是否跑题。

所谓条理是指每一段的议论的正反清楚,说明的几个方面清楚,描述的时间正确。一、审题

我们拿到作文后第一件事要做的就是审题。审题的作用在于使你的写作不跑题(如果跑

题,条理和语言再好,也得不到及格分,甚至0分。)那么审题要审什么呢?1.体裁(议论文、说明文、描述文)

审题就是要审作文的体裁和题材。因为什么样的体裁就会用什么样的题材去写。那么体

裁包括哪些呢?就四、六级考试而言,它包括议论文、说明文和描述文。从近些年来看,四、

六级作文不是单一的体裁,而是几种体裁的杂合体。例如有一次四级写题是这样出的: Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition

on the topic Trying to Be A Good University Student. You should

write at least

100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chin

ese) below:

(1)做合格大学生的必要性

(2)做合格大学生的必备条件(可以德智体等方面谈)

(3)我打算这样做

很多人说这种类型的作文是议论文。我们认为说它是议论文是片面的。因为第一段要求

写“...必要性”,这说明本段体裁是议论文;第二段要求写“...必备条件”,这说明本段要求写说明文;而第三段要求写“...这样做”,说明本段要求写的是描述文。所以我们说在大多数情

况下,四、六级作文是三种体裁的杂合体。

2.根据不同体裁确定写作方法

我们审题的目的就在于根据不同的体裁来确定不同的写作方法。通过审题,我们可以看

出四、六级作文大都是三段式。如上例第一段为议论体、第二段为说明体、第三段为描述

体。议论体有议论体的写作方式、说明体有说明体的写作方式、描述体也有它自身的写作特

点。第一段为议论文:它的写作特点是要有论点和论据,而且往往从正反两面来论述。例如

上面题目的第一段的写作思路是:做合格大学生,会怎么样(这是从正面论述);不能做倒

合格大学生,会怎么样(从反面论述);所以我们要做合格的大学生(结论)。第二段为说明

文:它的写作特点是从几方面或几条来说明一个问题,就跟某一机器的说明书一样通过1、

2、3说明它的用途。就以上面的作文而言,我们从三个方面(德智体)来说明做合格大学

生的必要性。第三段为描述文:以“人”为中心描述一个“做”的过程。跟上两段相比,本段的主语多为人称代词。它要与第二段相呼应进行描述。

二、主题句

通过审题,我们知道了写作的思路。下边我们就谈怎么样写。第一步就是要写主题句。

主题句是确保不跑题的前提,只有不跑题才有可能得及格分。写主题句最保险的方法就是把各要求句译成英语。例如上述作文的三段主题句分别为: It is very necessary to be a good university student.(议论体主题句) There are several respects of necessities to be a good university student.(说明体的主题句)

What I will do in the future is the following.(描述题的主题句)如果要求句是英语就可以把它扩充成主题句,例如这样的一篇做文: Good

(1) Importance of good health

(2) Ways to keep fit

(3) My own practice

这样的作文的要求句就可以扩展成主题句。扩展后三段的主题句分别为: 1、It is very important to have good health. (将名词importance变成形容词important)

2、There are four ways to keep fit for me.(用there be句型)

3、My own practices are the following.(采用原词)

三、条理

保证不跑题是写作当中第一重要任务,第二个重要任务就是条理清楚。对于议论文来说,正

反面要清楚。对于说明文来说,1、2、3条要清楚,对于描述文要来,谁干什么要清楚。

就拿上例 Good Health来说,第一段保持正反面要清楚就应这样写:主题句

(It is very important to have good health.,正面(With good health, we can...),反面(Without good health, we can do nothing. We can’t do...)第二段应当这样写:主题句(There are four ways to keep fit.)从几方面说明:

Firstly, we should have our breakfast in the morning. Second, we should have

a nap at noon. Third, sports exercises are necessary in the afternoon. And

fourth, we could have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to the

music....)

为了使文章更具关于条理性,我们可以用first(ly),second(ly),third(ly)等副词,他们可以使文章的条理性十分突出。作文是主观性题,要想得高分我们必须把评卷老师考虑进去。

评卷老师的时间很短(每份卷子的作文只有一两分钟就要阅完),所以我们在列条条时最好

不用:To

begin with, ... After that,... And then,... The next,... The following,... At last .

..。因为用这样的词语不利于阅卷老师看出你作文的条理性。第三段应当这

样写:主题句(My own practices are the following.)具体情况(主语为

第一人称代词I,与第二段呼

应) In the morning, I have my breakfast . At noon, I have a nap. And in the

afternoon, I always play football. In the evening, I usually listen to the classic

music.

综上所述,如果我们按以上几节的方法去做,就可以保证及格以上分数。

四、十二句作文法

在作文的评分标准中字数也是一个要求。四、六级的作文要求是要写出120-150字。对于这样的要求考生不必怕写不够。我们知道,四、六级作文大都是三段式。我们算一下,

如果我们在每一段中写上四句话,即主题句加两三句扩展句和一个结论句就可以了。这样全

篇在十二句左右。每一句十多个词,这样就是120-150字。同时,我们也提醒大家,不能

写得太多,写得多容易跑题。在写作时,我们要横向写作,即写某一问题的横段面。例如,

上面讲到健康的重要性时,我们只写四句就可以了。第一句主题句,第二句从正面论述,第

三句从反面论述,第四句为结论句。但有的同学在写的时候说“健康非常重要,”然后就写“吃波莱非常重要”,因为波菜含有丰富的铁,铁对人是非常重要的,因为...。这样的作文的基本模式是A-B B-C C-D D-E以此类推。这就叫流水,没有中心。我们写作时要根据横段面

去写,而不要写成流水账。避免写成流水账的方法是不要就前一句中的一个非重点词再进行

描述。而要对主题句从横段面去写,写完一个横段面就不要再对这一横段面进行阐述了,应

当去写别的一个横段面。如果我们感觉字数不够,就在每一句或某些句子上添加些词就行了。

例如我们感觉上边第二段不够长,就可以这样来加词:主题句

There are four ways to keep fit.- There are four or more ways to keep fit for

everyone of us.

从几个方面: Firstly, we should have our break fast in the morning.( Firstly, we

should have our breakfast, such as milk, eggs, bread and so on, in the mornin

g.Second, we should have a nap at noon.- Secondly, we should have a short n

ap, even 30 minutes, at noon. Third, sports exercises are necessary in the aft

ernoon. - Thirdly, sports exercises are necessary for everyone and we can do

some sports exercises in the afternoon .And fourth, we could have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to music. - And fourthly, we could have a

pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to both popular and

classic music.

这样一来,我们只要保持本句的主题不变加添一些次要词就能达到字数的规定

标准 .

范文:

08.06:Recreational activities

提纲

1. 娱乐活动多种多样

2. 娱乐活动可能使人们受益,也可能有危害性

3. 作为大学生我的看法

Accompanying the procession of the reform and opening of our country, recreational activities have become extremely abundant for a large quantity of

people. There is a growing concern over this matter among the

general public.

For one thing, recreational activities may bring advantages to us , and for

another, it may do harm to us .We can list a series of advantages of the

recreational activities. To begin with, it can enrich, colour ,

paint and decorate

our daily life, we can find the simple and routine life more interesting. In the

second place, without any doubt , the recreational activities are good ways for

us to make more friends than before, and we meet plenty of persons through

these recreational programs . Of course, these activities meanwhile bring

problems. For example, we will spend too much time in taking part in them.

All in all, considering all the above facts, my attitude towards

this matter is

that recreational programs are beneficial for university students. We should join

in more recreational activities.

Abundant: adj 大量的;充足的;富有的;丰富的;abundance: n abundantly: adv an abundance of sunshine ; abundance of the heart(感情的丰富)

abundant rainfall 充足的雨量;an abundant land 富饶的土地 Enrich:vt 使丰富;充实;can enrich your life

Colour:vt 给…着色;改变..的颜色;使..带上色彩;渲染;歪曲。Routine:n/adj 日常的;普通的;平淡的

Meanwhile :n/adv 同时

the reform and opening of our country

a large quantity of people 很大数量的人 plenty of persons 大量的人

sufficient: adj 足够的;充分的; sufficiency : n

the general public 公众

bring advantages to us disadvantage

do harm to us Influence: n under the influence of.. affect :vt

effect:n 结果;影响;作用;实行;bring/carry/put into effect 实现;实行 a series of 一系列

To begin with 开始与

find the simple and routine life more interesting

In the second place

without any doubt 没有任何疑义

For example

too much

taking part in join in

All in all 总之

considering all the above facts 考虑以上所有的事实

my attitude towards this matter is that

are beneficial for benefit : n/vt/vi benefit sb/sth benefit from/by profit : n/vt profitable :adj 有益的 make/earn/reap a profit 盈利英语写作常用语句

(一)段首句

1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.

2. 俗话说(常言道)……,它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在

许多场合仍然适用。There is an old saying______. It’s the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today.

3. 现在,……,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,……;其次,……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____.

What makes things worse is that______.

4. 现在,……很普遍,许多人喜欢……,因为……,另外(而且)……。Nowadays,it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides,

______.

5. 任何事物都是有两面性,……也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的

一面。 Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages.

6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说)……,在他们看来,…… People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To

them,_____.

7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……,这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.

8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题,特别是在年青人当中,将引发激烈的辩论。 ______ has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated

debates are right on their way.

9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时也引发一些严重的

问题。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-

to-day life.it has brought

us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……,但是为什么呢?

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the

/chart/bar graph/line/graph,it

can be seen that______ while. Obviously,______,but why?

(二)中间段落句

1. 相反,有一些人赞成……,他们相信……,而且,他们认为……。 On the contrary,there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time,they say____.

2. 但是,我认为这不是解决……的好方法,比如……。最糟糕的是……。But I don’t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example,____.Worst of all,___. 3…..对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,……。而且……,最重要的是……

______is necessary and important to our country’s development and construction.

First,______.What’s more, _____.Most important of all,______.

4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先,我们可以……。

There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______

5. 面临……,我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……,另一方面, Confronted with______,we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one

thing,______For another,______

6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……,另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。 It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____.In addition. _____.All

these measures will certainly______.

7. 为什么……?第一个原因是……;第二个原因是……;第三个原因是……。总的来说,……的主要原因是由于……

Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is

______.The third is

______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.

8. 然而,正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样,……也有它的不利的一面,象……。 However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own

disadvantages, such as ______.

9. 尽管如此,我相信……更有利。

Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.

10. 完全同意……这种观点(陈述),主要理由如下:

I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.

(三)结尾句

1. 至于我,在某种程度上我同意后面的观点,我认为……

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ____.

2. 总而言之,整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样,我们才能在将来……。 In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this

way can ______in the future.

3. 但是,……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如,……,而……。然而,把这两者相比较,我更倾向于(喜欢)……

But ______and ______have their own advantages. For example, _____, while_____.

Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.

4. 就我个人而言,我相信……,因此,我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……

Personally, I believe that_____. Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______.

5. 随着社会的发展,……。因此,迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量,这个社会

将要变得越来越好。

With the development of society, ______.So it"s urgent and necessary to ____.If every

member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.

6. 至于我(对我来说,就我而言),我认为……更合理。只有这样,我们才能…… For my part, I think it reasonable to_____. Only in this way can you _____.

7. 对我来说,我认为有必要……。原因如下:第一,……;第二,……;最后……但同样重要的是……

In my opinion, I think it necessary to____. The reasons are as follows. First _____.Second

______ . Last but not least,______.

8. 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏,因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而,就我个人而言,我发现……。

It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the

situation of______. However , from a personal point of view

find______.

9. 综上所述,我们可以清楚地得出结论……

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____.

10. 如果我们不采取有效的方法,就可能控制不了这种趋势,就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果,所以,

我们应该做的是……

If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result

may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.

大学英语四级考试真题及答案(三套全)

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2012大学英语四级考试写作辅导

2012大学英语四级考试写作辅导 记叙文的思路与练习 记叙文是以叙述人物的经历和事物的发展变化过程为主要表现形式的一种文体。记叙文既可以以写人为主,又可以以写事为主。写记叙文要注意记叙文的“六大要素”即: 时间(When)——何时发生,有没有具体时间? 地点(Where)——何地发生,有没有地点变化? 人物(Who)——何人参与,谁是主角? 事件(What)——发生了什么,有何特点? 原因(Why)——事件的起因? 结果(How)——事件的经过及结局? 一般说来,在一篇记叙文中这六大要素是缺一不可的。 记叙文的思路就围绕这六大要素充分展开。 【例】四级考试中,只出现过一次专门的记叙文体裁的写作,即“An Early Morning Walk”(1988.6.),2003年6月出现过包含记叙文的作文,即“An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident”。 对于“An Early Morning Walk”,知道命题要求后,我们就要开始构思了。 When:题目已规定了是“清晨”,在这个时候,“我”去散步。 Where:到哪儿散步?去公园?在校园里?在街上(街上空气不好,还是不去!)。 Who:在公园里看到晨练的人:中老年人、年轻人、小孩子;在校园里看到读书背单词的学生。 What:人们热火朝天地做操,随音乐跳舞,打球,等等。 Why:清晨空气清新,适合锻炼;一日之际在于晨,背背书,读读单词。 当然,由这个题目可以令人想到很多东西,因篇幅所限,我们做了删减。

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