管理会计(F2)选择题题库_2016

管理会计（F2）选择题题库---2016

一、单项选择题

1.The sales manager has prepared a manpower plan to ensure

that sales quotas for the forthcoming year are achieved.

This is an example of what type of planning? （B）

A Strategic planning

B Tactical planning

C Operational planning

D Corporate planning 2．Which of the following statements is correct? （B ）

A Management accounting systems provide information for use in fulfilling legal requirements

B Management accounting systems provide information for

the use of decision-makers within an organisation

C Management accounting systems provide information for use by shareholders

D Management accounting systems provide information for use by tax authorities

3．Which of the following would be data rather than information?（B）

A Sales increase/decrease per product in last quarter

B Total sales value per product

C Sales made per salesman as a percentage of total sales

D Sales staff commission as a percentage of total sales 4．Which of the following would be classed as indirect labour? （ B ）

A Assembly workers in a company manufacturing televisions

B A stores assistant in a factory store

C Plasterers in a construction company

D A consultant in a firm of management consultants

5．A company makes chairs and tables. Which of the following items would be treated as an indirect cost?

（D ）

A Wood used to make a chair

B Metal used for the legs of a chair

C Fabric to cover the seat of a chair

D The salary of the sales director of the company

6．Which of the following best describes a controllable cost? （C ）

A A cost which arises from a decision already taken, which

cannot, in the short run, be changed.

B A cost for which the behaviour pattern can be easily

analysed to facilitate valid budgetary control comparisons.

C A cost which can be influenced by its budget holder.

D A specific cost of an activity or business which would be

avoided if the activity or business did not exist. 7．Which of the following best describes a period cost?

（A ）

A cost that relates to a time period which is deducted as expenses for the period and is not

included in the inventory valuation.

B A cost that can be easily allocated to a particular period, without the need for arbitrary

apportionment between periods.

C A cost that is identified with a unit produced during the

period, and is included in the value of inventory. The

cost is treated as an expense for the period when the

inventory is actually sold.

D A cost that is incurred regularly every period, eg every month or quarter.

8．Fixed costs are conventionally deemed to be which of the following? （D ）

A Constant per unit of output

B Outside the control of management

C Easily controlled

D Constant in total

when production volume changes

9．

．

Which one of the above graphs illustrates the costs described A linear variable cost – when the vertical axis represents cost incurred. （B ）

A Graph 1

B Graph 2

C Graph 4

D Graph 5 Which one of the above graphs illustrates the costs described A fixed cost – when the vertical axis represents cost incurred. （A ）

A Graph 1

B Graph 2

C Graph 3

D Graph 6 Which one of the above graphs illustrates the costs described A linear variable cost – when the vertical axis represents cost per unit. （A ）

A Graph 1

B Graph 2

C Graph 3

D Graph 6 Which one of the above graphs illustrates the costs described A semi-variable cost – when the vertical axis represents cost incurred. （C ）

A Graph 1

B Graph 2

C Graph 4

D Graph 5

Which one of the above graphs illustrates the costs described A step fixed cost – when the vertical axis represents cost incurred. （A ）

A Graph 3

B Graph 4

C Graph 5

D Graph 6 10．A production worker is paid a salary of $650 per month, plus an extra 5 cents for each unit produced during the month.

How is this type of labour cost best described? （D ）

A A variable cost

B A fixed cost

C A step cost

D A semi-variable cost

11．A total cost is described as staying the same over a certain activity range and then increasing but remaining stable over

a revised activity range in the short term.

What type of cost is this? （D ）

A A fixed cost

B A variable cost

C A semi-variable cost

D A stepped fixed cost

12．What is the economic batch quantity used to establish?

Optimal （C ）

A reorder quantity

B recorder level

C order quantity

D inventory level for production 13．A company determines its order quantity for a raw material by using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model. What would be the effects on the EOQ and the total annual

holding cost of a decrease in the cost of ordering a batch of raw material? （D ）

EOQ Total annual holding cost

A Higher Lower

B Higher Higher

C Lower Higher

D Lower Lower

14．Over-absorbed overheads occur when （A ）

A Absorbed overheads exceed actual overheads

B Absorbed overheads exceed budgeted overheads

C Actual overheads exceed absorbed overheads

D Actual overheads exceed budgeted overheads 15．Budgeted overheads $690,480 Budgeted machine hours 15,344

Actual machine hours 14,128 Actual overheads $679,550

Based on the data above, what is the machine hour absorption rate (to the nearest $)?（B ）

A 44 per machine hour

B 45 per machine hour

C 48 per machine hour

D 49 per machine hour

16. Absorption costing is concerned with which of the following? （D ）

A Direct materials

B Direct labour

C Fixed costs

D Variable and fixed costs

17. The following statements have been made about life cycle costing.

(1) Life cycle costing can be applied to products with a short life cycle.

(2) Product life cycle costing is not well-suited for use within budgetary control systems.

Which of the above statements is/are true? （ D ）

A 1 only

B 2 only

C Neither 1 nor 2

D Both 1 and 2

18 . The following statements have been made about target costing.

(1) Target costing makes the business look at what

competitors are offering at an early stage in the new

product development process.

(2) Cost control is emphasised at the new product design stage so any engineering changes must happen before production starts.

Which of the above statements is/are true? （ D ）

A 1 only

B 2 only

C Neither 1 nor 2

D Both 1 and 2

19. The following statements have been made about target costing.

(1) Target costing is inappropriate for a new product that has no existing market.

(2) It may be acceptable for a target cost for a new product to

be exceeded during the growth stage of its life cycle.

Which of the above statements is/are true? （B ）

A 1 only

B 2 only

C Neither 1 nor 2

D Both 1 and 2

20. The following statements have been made about throughput accounting.

(1) When throughput accounting (TA) is used, the aim should be to have sufficient inventories to overcome bottlenecks in production.

(2) Throughput accounting is based on the assumption that in the short run, most factory costs, other than materials, are fixed.

Which of the above statements is/are true? （B ）

A 1 only

B 2 only

C Neither 1 nor 2

D Both 1 and 2

21. The following statements have been made about activity based costing.;’’

(1) Implementation of ABC is unlikely to be cost-effective

when variable production costs are a low proportion of

total production costs.

(2) In a system of ABC, for costs that vary with production

levels, the most suitable cost driver is likely to be direct

labour hours or machine hours.

Which of the above statements is/are true? ( B )

A 1 only

B 2 only

C Neither 1 nor 2

D Both 1 and 2

22. In the theory of constraints and throughput accounting,

which of the following methods may be used to elevate the performance of a binding constraint? ( C )

(1) Acquire more of the resource that is the binding constraint.

(2) Improve the efficiency of usage of the resource that is the binding constraint.

A 1 only

B 2 only

C 1 and 2

D Neither 1 nor 2

23. The following statements have been made about life cycle costing.

(1) Life cycle costing is more useful for planning than for control purposes.

(2) Most of the life cycle costs for a product are determined

by decisions taken in the early stage of a product’s life

cycle.

Which of the above statements is/are true? ( D )

A 1 only

B 2 only

C Neither 1 nor 2

D Both 1 and 2

24. The following statements have been made about activity based costing.

(1) Activity based costs are not the same as relevant costs

for the purpose of short-run decision-making.

(2) Activity based costing is a form of absorption costing. Which of the above statements is/are true? ( D )

A 1 only

B 2 only

C Neither 1 nor 2

D Both 1 and 2

25. The following statements have been made about activity based costing.

(1) In a system of ABC, apportionment of some overhead

costs may need to be done on an arbitrary basis.

(2) The costs of introducing and maintaining an activity based

costing system may exceed the benefits of such a costing system.

Which of the above statements is/are true? ( D )

A 1 only

B 2 only

C Neither 1 nor 2

D Both 1 and 2

26. The following statements have been made about target costing.

(1) Target costing ensures that new product development

costs are recovered in the target price for the product.

(2) A cost gap is the difference between the target price and the target cost.

Which of the above statements is/are true? ( C )

A 1 only

B 2 only

C Neither 1 nor 2

D Both 1 and 2

27. In which of the following ways might financial returns be

improved over the life cycle of a product? ( C )

( 1) Maximising the breakeven time.

(2) Minimising the time to market.

(3) Minimising the length of the life cycle.

A 1 and 2 only

B 1 and 3 only

C 2 only

D 2 and 3 only

28. The following statements have been made about target costing.

(1) Target costing is not well-suited for services that have a large fixed cost base.

(2) Costs may be reduced in target costing by removing

product features that do not add value.

Which of the above statements is/are true? ( D )

A 1 only

B 2 only

C Neither 1 nor 2

D Both 1 and 2

29. The following statements have been made about activity based costing.

(1) Activity based costs are not the same as relevant costs for

the purpose of short-run decision-making

(2) Activity based costing is a form of absorption costing

Which of the above statements is/are true? ( D )

A 1 only

B 2 only

C Neither 1 nor 2

D Both 1 and 2

30. The following statements have been made about target costing.

(1) A target cost gap is the difference between the target cost

for a product and its projected cost.

(2) Products should not be manufactured if there is a target cost gap.

Which of the above statements is/are true? (A )

A 1 only

B 2 only

C Neither 1 nor 2

D Both 1 and 2

31. The following statements have been made about throughput accounting.

(1) Inventory has no value and should be valued at $0.

(2) Efficiency is maximised by utilising direct labour time and machine time to full capacity.

Which of the above statements is/are true? (C )

A 1 only

B 2 only

C Neither 1 nor 2

D Both 1 and 2

32. The following statements have been made about activity based costing.

(1) In the short run, all the overhead costs for an activity vary with the amount of the cost driver for the activity.

(2) A cost driver is an activity based cost.

Which of the above statements is/are true? (C )

A 1 only

B 2 only

C Neither 1 nor 2

D Both 1 and 2

33. The following statements have been made about target costing.

(1) The value of target costing depends on having reliable estimates of sales demand.

(2) Target costing may be applied to services that are

provided free of charge to customers, such as costs of call

centre handling.

Which of the above statements is/are true? (A )

A 1 only

B 2 only

C Neither 1 nor 2

D Both 1 and 2

34. The following statements have been made about life cycle costing.

(1) An important use of life cycle costing is to decide whether

to go ahead with the development of a new product. (2) Life cycle costing encourages management to find a

suitable balance between investment costs and operating

expenses.

Which of the above statements is/are true? (D )

A 1 only

B 2 only

C Neither 1 nor 2

D Both 1 and 2

35. The following statements have been made about traditional

absorption costing and activity based costing.

(1) Traditional absorption costing may be used to set prices

for products, but activity based costing may not.

(2) Traditional absorption costing tends to allocate too many

overhead costs to low-volume products and not enough

overheads to high-volume products.

Which of the above statements is/are true? (C )

A 1 only

B 2 only

C Neither 1 nor 2

D Both 1 and 2

36. For which one of the following reasons would the choice of

penetration pricing be unsuitable for a product during

the initial stage of its life cycle? (B )

A To discourage new entrants to the market

B To increase the length of the initial stage of the life cycle

C To achieve economies of scale

D To set a price for a product that has a high price elasticity of demand

37. The following statements have been made about the use of

ex pected values for decision-making under conditions of uncertainty.

(1) Expected values are used to support a risk-averse attitude to decision-making.

(2) Expected values are more valuable as a guide to decision-making where they refer to

outcomes which will occur many times over.

Which of the above statements is/are true? ( B )

A 1 only

B 2 only

C Neither 1 nor 2

D Both 1 and 2

38. Which of the following statements about relevant costing is/are correct? ( C )

(1) An opportunity cost is defined as the relevant cost of taking a business opportunity.

(2) Business decisions should be taken on the basis of whether they improve profit or reduce

costs.

A 1 only is correct

B 2 only is correct

C Neither 1 nor 2 is correct

D Both 1 and 2 are correct

39. In which one of the following circumstances would the choice of a market skimming pricing policy be unsuitable for a product during the initial stage of its life cycle? ( C )

A The product is protected by a patent

B Expected demand and the price sensitivity of customers for the new product are unknown

C When the product is expected to have a long life cycle

D To maximise short-term profitability

40. The following statements have been made about relevant costing.

(1) Sunk costs can never be a relevant cost for the purpose of decision-making.

(2) If a company charges the minimum price for a product or service, based on relevant costs,

it will not improve its overall profitability.

Which of the above statements is/are true? ( D )

A 1 only

B 2 only

C Neither 1 nor 2

D Both 1 and 2

41. The following statements have been made about full cost plus pricing.

(1) Charging prices at full cost plus a fixed margin for profit will ensure that the business will

make a profit in each period.

(2) Full cost plus pricing can lead to under- and over-pricing of products

Which of the above statements is/are true? ( B )

A 1 only

B 2 only

C Neither 1 nor 2

D Both 1 and 2

42. A company wishes to decide on a selling price for a new product, and wants to choose the

price that will provide the most satisfactory weekly total contribution. Weekly sales of each product will depend on the price charge and also on customers’ response to the new product.

The following pay-off table has been prepared

( C )

A P1

B P2

C P3

D P4

43. The constraints in a linear programming problem are as follows:

3x + 4.8y 120,000 (Grade A labour hours)

5x + 4y 160,000 (Grade B labour hours)

x 30,000 (Sales demand product X)

y 20,000 (Sales demand Product Y)

x, y ≥ 0

The objective function is to maximise total contribution: 20x + 30y. A graph of the constraints is as follows

Where is the optimal solution to the linear programming problem? （C）

A Point A

B Point B

C Point C

D Point D

44. A decision tree is a way of representing decision choices in the form of a diagram. It is usual

for decision trees to include probabilities of different outcomes.

The following statements have been made about decision trees.

(1) Each possible outcome from a decision is given an expected value.

(2) Each possible outcome is shown as a branch on a decision tree.

Which of the above statements is/are true? ( B )

A 1 only

B 2 only

C Neither 1 nor 2

D Both 1 and 2

45.The following statements have been made about cost plus pricing.

(1) A price in excess of full cost per unit will ensure that a company will cover all its costs and

make a profit.

(2) Cost plus pricing is an appropriate pricing strategy when jobs are carried out to customer

specifications.

Which of the above statements is/are true? ( B )

A 1 only

B 2 only

C Neither 1 nor 2

D Both 1 and 2

46. The following statements have been made about solving linear programming problems for

budgeting purposes.

(1) Slack occurs when less than the maximum available of a limited resource is required.

(2) When the linear programming problem includes a constraint for minimum sales demand

for a product, there may be a surplus for sales demand in the optimal solution.

Which of the above statements is/are true? ( D )

A 1 only

B 2 only

C Neither 1 nor 2

D Both 1 and 2

47. The following statements have been made about decision-making under conditions of

uncertainty.

(1) Expected value is a more reliable basis for decision-making where the situation and

outcome will occur many times than for a one-off decision.

(2) A risk-averse decision maker avoids all risks in decision-making.

Which of the above statements is/are true? ( A )

A 1 only

B 2 only

C Neither 1 nor 2

D Both 1 and 2

48. Which method of pricing is most easily applied when two or more markets for the product or

service can be kept entirely separate from each other? ( A )

A Price discrimination

B Product line pricing

C Skimming

D Volume discounting

50. Which of the following statements about decision trees is/are correct? ( B )

(1) A decision tree can be used to identify the preferred decision choice using the minimax

regret decision rule.

(2) A decision tree is likely to present a simplified representation of reality.

A 1 only is correct

B 2 only is correct

C Neither 1 nor 2 is correct

D Both 1 and 2 are correct

51. A company makes and sells four products. Direct labour hours are a scarce resource, but the company is able to sub-contract production of any products to external suppliers. The following information is relevant

（A ）

A W, Y, X then Z

B W, Z, X then Y

C X, Z, W then Y

D Z, X, Y then W

52. A benefit sacrificed by taking one course of action instead of the most profitable alternative

course of action is known as: （A ）

A An incremental cost

B An opportunity cost

C A relevant cost

D A sunk cost

53. The following decision tree shows four decision options: 1, 2, 3 and 4

Using the expected value rule, which choice should be made so as to optimise the expected benefit? （D ）

A Choice 1

B Choice 2

C Choice 3

D Choice 4

54. Good information should have certain qualities. Which of the following are qualities of good information? 1 Complete 2 Extensive 3 Relevant 4 Accurate （B ）

A 1, 2 and 3

B 1, 3 and 4

C 2 and 4

D All of them

55．Over which of the following is the manager of a profit centre likely to have control? （D ）(i) Selling (ii) Controllable costs

(iii) Apportioned head office costs (iv) Capital investment in the centre

A All of the above

B (i), (ii) and (iii)

C (i), (ii) and (iv)

D (i) and (ii)

56. Which of the following statements is/are true about group bonus schemes? （C ）

(i) Group bonus schemes are appropriate when increased output depends on a number of people

all making extra effort

(ii) With a group bonus scheme, it is easier to award each individual's performance

(iii) Non-production employees can be rewarded as part of a group incentive scheme

A (i) only

B (i) and (ii) only

C (i) and (iii) only

D (ii) and (iii) only

57．Factory overheads can be absorbed by which of the following methods? （A ）

(i) Direct labour hours (ii) Machine hours

(iii) As a percentage of prime cost (iv) $x per unit

A (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)

B (i) and (ii) only

C (i), (ii) and (iii) only

D (ii), (iii) and (iv) only

58. Which of the following would be the most appropriate basis for apportioning machinery

insurance costs to cost centres within a factory? （C ）

A The number of machines in each cost centre

B The floor area occupied by the machinery in each cost centre

C The value of the machinery in each cost centre

D The operating hours of the machinery in each cost centre

59. Consider the following statements, regarding the reapportionment of service cost centre

overheads to production cost centres, where reciprocal services exist:

(1). The direct method results in costs being reapportioned between service cost centres

(2). If the direct method is used, the order in which the service cost centre overheads are

reapportioned is irrelevant

(3). The step down method results in costs being reapportioned between service cost centres

(4). If the step down method is used, the order in which the service cost centre overheads are

reapportioned is irrelevant

Which statement(s) is/are correct? ( D )

A (1), (2) and (4)

B (1), (3) and (4)

C (2) only

D (2) and (3)

60. Which of the following are acceptable bases for absorbing production overheads? ( C )

(i) Direct labour hours (ii) Machine hours

(iii) As a percentage of the prime cost (iv) Per unit

A Methods (i) and (ii) only

B Methods (iii) and (iv) only

C Methods (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)

D Methods (i), (ii) or (iii) only

61. When comparing the profits reported under absorption costing and marginal costing

during a period when the level of inventory increased, which of the following is true?

（ B ）

A Absorption costing profits will be higher and closing inventory valuations lower than

those under marginal costing.

B Absorption costing profits will be higher and closing inventory valuations higher than

those under marginal costing.

C Marginal costing profits will be higher and closing inventory valuations lower than

those under absorption costing.

D Marginal costing profits will be higher and closing inventory valuations higher than

those under absorption costing.

62．When comparing the profits reported under absorption costing and marginal costing during a period when the level of inventory increased, which of the following is true? （ B ）

A Absorption costing profits will be higher and closing inventory valuations lower than those

under marginal costing.

B Absorption costing profits will be higher and closing inventory valuations higher than those

under marginal costing.

C Marginal costing profits will be higher and closing inventory valuations lower than those under

absorption costing.

D Marginal costing profits will be higher and closing inventory valuations higher than those under

absorption costing.