空心砖砌筑施工工艺及流程(中英文)

空心砖砌筑施工工艺及流程

（Construction process and process of hollow brick masonry）

1、施工范围(scope)：

项目部前期临建项目围墙、隔墙砌筑。

(The project department has built a wall and a partition in front of the project.)

2、施工准备(Construction preparation)

2.1材料及主要机具(Materials and main machine tools):

（1）空心砖:品种、规格、强度等级必须符合设计要求,规格应一致。有出厂证明、试验报告单。

(Hollow bricks: variety, specification, strength grade must conform to design requirements, specifications should be consistent.There are factory certificate and test report table.)

（2）水泥:有出厂证明、试验报告单

(Cement: factory certificate, test report table)

（3）砂:宜用中砂,过5mm孔径筛子,配制M5以下砂浆,砂含泥量不超过10%,M5及其以上砂浆,砂的含泥量不超过5%,并不含草根等杂物。

(Sand: medium sand should be used, over 5mm pore diameter sieve, and M5 mortar will be prepared, the sand content is not more than 10%, M5 and above mortar, the sand content is not more than 5%, not including the grass root and other sundries.)

（4）水:不含有害物质的洁净水。

(Water: clean water without harmful substances.)

（5）其它材料:拉结钢筋、预埋件,提前做好防腐处理。

(Other materials: pull the steel bar, the embedded part, good anti-corrosion treatment ahead of time.)（6）主要机具:备有搅拌机、翻斗车、磅秤、吊斗、砖笼、手推车、胶皮管、筛子、铁锹、半截灰桶、喷水壶、托线板、线坠、水平尺、小白线、砖夹子、大铲、瓦刀、刨锛、工具袋等。

(Main equipment: equipped with mixer, dump truck, the scale, skip, cage brick, carts, rubber tubes, sieve, shovels, half the ash bucket, watering can, line board, sank, spirit level, small white line, line brick clip, shovels, tile, plane froe, tool bag, etc.)

2.2作业条件(Operation conditions):

（1）弹出轴线、墙边线、经检验合格。

(Eject axis, wall edge, passing inspection.)

（2）立皮数杆:宜用30mm×40mm木料制作,皮数杆上注明门窗洞口、拉结筋、圈梁、过梁的尺寸标高。皮数杆间距15～20mm,转角处均应设立,一般距墙皮或墙角50mm为宜。皮数杆应垂直、牢固、标高一致,经检验合格。

(Lippi number rod: it should be made with 30mm x 40mm wood, with the height of the holes of doors and Windows, drawing bars, girders and girders.The distance between the skin and the bar is 15 ~ 20mm, and the corner should be established. It is generally appropriate to cover the wall or corner of the wall at 50mm.The leather number rod should be vertical, strong and consistent, and pass the inspection.)

（3）根据最下面第一皮砖的标高,拉通线检查,如水平灰缝厚度超过20mm,用细石混凝土找平,不得用砂浆找平或砍砖包合子找干。

(According to the height of the first leather brick at the bottom, the drawing line inspection, if the horizontal grey seam thickness is more than 20mm, use the fine stone concrete to make the leveling, not to use mortar to find the flat or to cut the brick bag to find the dry.)

（4）常温天气在砌筑前一天将砖浇水湿润,冬期施工应清除表面冰霜。

(Normal warm weather to wet the brick the day before masonry, winter construction should clear surface frost.)

（5）砂浆配合比经试验室确定,准备好砂浆试模。

(The mortar mixture ratio is determined by the test chamber and the mortar sample is prepared.)

3、操作工艺(Operation process)

3.1工艺流程(technological process):

施工准备、拌制砂浆、排砖撂底、砌空心砖墙、验评。

（Construction preparation, mixing mortar, tile floor, brick wall, evaluation.）

3.2砌筑前,基础墙或楼面清扫干净,洒水湿润。

（Before masonry, the foundation wall or floor clean, sprinkling water wet.）

3.4根据设计图纸各部位尺寸,排砖撂底,使组砌方法合理,便于操作。

（According to the design drawing the size of each part, the tile bottom, make the group method reasonable, easy to operate.）

3.5拌制砂浆（Mixing mortar）:

（1）砂浆配合比应用重量比,计量精度为,水泥±2%,砂及掺合料±5%。

（The weight ratio of mortar mixture ratio, measurement accuracy, cement plus or minus 2%, sand and admixtures are 5%.）

（2）宜用机械搅拌,投料顺序为砂→水泥→掺合料→水,搅拌时间不少于l.5min。

(It is advisable to stir with machinery, and the feeding sequence is sand, cement, mixing material, water, stirring time not less than l.5min.)

（3）砂浆应随拌随用,水泥或水泥混合砂浆一般在拌合后3~4h内用完,严禁用过夜砂浆。

(The mortar should be used with mixing, cement or cement mortar shall be used up within 3 ~ 4h after mixing, and it is strictly forbidden to use overnight mortar.)

（4）每一楼层或250m3砌体的各种强度等级的砂浆,每台搅拌机至少应作一组试块(每组6块),砂浆材料、配合比变动时,还应制作试块。

(For each floor or 250m3 masonry mortar, each mixer should be at least one set of test blocks (6 pieces per set), mortar materials, mix ratio changes, and a test block should be made.)

3.5砌空心砖墙体(Build hollow brick wall):

（1）组砌方法应正确,上、下错缝,交接处咬槎搭砌,掉角严重的空心砖不宜使用。

(The building method should be correct, upper and lower, and the joint is not suitable for the serious hollow brick.)

（2）水平灰缝不宜大于15mm,应砂浆饱满,平直道顺,立缝用砂浆填实。

(The horizontal grey seam should not be greater than 15mm, should be filled with mortar, plain and straight, and fill with mortar.)

（3）空心砖墙在地面或楼面上先砌三皮实心砖,空心砖墙砌至梁或楼板下,用实心砖斜砌挤紧,并用砂浆填实。

(The hollow brick wall is built on the ground or floor first three leather solid brick, the hollow brick wall is built into the beam or floor board, use the solid brick to build tightly, and fill with mortar.)

（5）空心砖墙按设计要求设置构造柱、圈梁、过梁或现浇混凝土带。

(The hollow brick wall is designed according to the design to set the constructional column, ring beam, overgirder or cast-in-place concrete belt.)

（6）各种预留洞、预埋件等,应按设计要求设置,避免后剔凿。

(All kinds of reserved holes and embedded parts should be set according to the design requirements.) （7）拉通线砌筑时,随砌、随吊、随靠,保证墙体垂直、平整,不允许砸砖修墙。

(When the cable masonry is built, it is built, with the slings, with the side, to ensure that the wall is vertical and flat, not allowed to smash the brick wall.)

4、质量标准(Quality standard)

4.1保证项目(Guarantee item):

（1）空心砖的品种、规格、强度必须符合设计要求,有出厂合格证、试验报告。

(The variety, specification and strength of the hollow brick must meet the design requirements, and there are factory certificate and test report.)

（2）砂浆品种必须符合设计要求,强度必须符合设计要求。

The mortar variety must meet the design requirements, and the strength must meet the design requirements.)

（3）空心砖砌体水平灰缝砂浆饱满,立缝填塞密实。

(The horizontal mortar of hollow brick masonry is full of mortar, filling and filling.)

（4）转角处严禁留直槎,其它部位应留斜槎。

(Do not leave the corner of the corner of the corner, other parts should remain inclined.)

4.2基本项目(elementary item):

（1）上下砖错缝,每间(处)2皮砖通缝不超过3处。

(Top and bottom bricks are staggered, each (place) of 2 leather brick joint no more than 3.)

（2）接槎处砂浆密实,缝砖平直,接槎处水平灰缝小于5mm或有透亮缺陷不超过5个。

(Next, the mortar is solid, the seam is flat, and the horizontal seam of the door is less than 5mm or less than 5.Next, the mortar is solid, the seam is flat, and the horizontal seam of the door is less than 5mm or less than 5.)（3）拉结筋、构造柱、现浇钢筋混凝土带均符合设计要求。

(The tensile reinforcement, constructional column, cast-in-place reinforced concrete belt meet the design requirements.)

5、成品保护(finished product protection)

（1）预埋的拉结筋应加强保护,不得踩倒、弯折。

(The preburied tensile bars should be strengthened to protect, not to step down or bend.)

（2）手推车应平稳行驶,防止碰撞墙体。

(The cart should run smoothly to prevent collision.)

6、应注意的质量问题(Attention should be paid to quality issues)

（1）砂浆强度不够:注意不使用过期水泥,计量要准确,保证搅拌时间,砂浆试块的制作、养护、试压应符合规定。

(The mortar strength is not enough: pay attention not to use expired cement, measure to be accurate, ensure the stirring time, the production, maintenance and test pressure of mortar test pieces should meet the requirements.)

（2）墙体顶面不平直:砌到顶部时不好使线,墙体容易里出外进,应在梁底或板底弹出墙边线,认真按线砌筑,以保证墙体顶部平直通顺。

(The top side of the wall is not straight: it is not easy to make the line when it is built to the top, the wall is easy to get into and out of the wall, it should be in the bottom of the beam or the bottom of the board of the wall to pop up the wall, and carefully press the line to ensure that the top of the wall is straight and smooth.)

（3）门窗框两侧漏砌实心砖:门窗两侧砌实心砖,便于埋设木砖或铁件,固定门窗框,并安放混凝土过梁。

(Door window frame two side leakage build solid brick: door window two sides build solid brick, easy to bury wood brick or iron piece, fixed door window frame, and put concrete overbeam.)

（4）空心砖墙后剔凿:预留孔洞、预埋件应准备预留、预埋。防止后剔凿,以免影响质量。

(Hollow brick after brick: reserved hole, embedded parts should be reserved, embedded.Prevent and remove the chisel, so as not to affect the quality.)

（5）拉结筋不合砖行:混凝土墙、柱内预埋拉结筋经常不能与砖行灰缝吻合,应预先计算砖行模数、位置、标高控制准确,不应将拉结筋弯折使用。

(Rachel tendons out line brick: reinforcement embedded in concrete walls and columns Rachel often cannot accord with line brick mortar joint, be calculated in advance by brick row modulus, accurate location, elevation control, should not be Rachel used reinforced bending.)

（6）预埋在墙、柱内的拉结筋任意弯折、切断，应注意保护,不允许任意弯折或切断。

(The pull in the wall and column is bent, cut off, and should be protected. No bending or cutting is allowed.)

7、质量记录(Quality records)

本工艺标准应具备以下质量记录

(This technical standard shall have the following quality records):

（1）材料(空心砖、实心砖、水泥、砂、钢筋等)的出厂合格证、试验报告。

(Material (hollow brick, solid brick, cement, sand, steel, etc.) factory certificate, test report.)

（2）砂浆试块试验报告。

(Test report of mortar test.)

（3）分项工程质量检验评定。

(Evaluate the quality of the project.)

（4）隐检、预检记录。

(Hidden inspection and preliminary inspection records.)

（5）其它技术文件。

(Other technical documents.)

8、抹灰工程施工质量（Construction quality of plaster works）

（1）基层应先清理干净，混凝土基层要先喷撒纯水泥浆呈颗粒状便于粘结；砖墙基层应事先浇水湿润。

（The grass roots should be cleaned first, and the concrete base should be sprayed with pure water slurry to be granular and easy to bond.The brick wall should be watered in advance.）

（2）所有水平面均应呈水平；所有立面均应呈垂直；所有阴阳角均应方正（抹灰前均应放出控制线）。严禁干燥后表面产生裂纹现象。

（All horizontal planes should be horizontal;All facades shall be vertical;All the Yin and Yang angles should be positive (the control line should be released before the plaster).It is forbidden to produce crack in the surface after drying.）

（3）粉刷前地板四周阴角的落地灰（砌筑砖墙时掉下的砂浆）应先清理干净，并运至地面指定地点堆放。

（The floor of the floor near the floor of the front floor of the painting of the floor, the mortar that falls when the brick wall is laid down, should be cleaned first and then shipped to the designated place on the

ground.）

（4）搭设粉刷脚手架不得接触到墙面，拆除脚手架时应注意保护成品，以避免进行二次修补造成，每个技术工人每天下班时均应进行本日作业成果的检查，发现质量问题及时进行修补。

（Erection of scaffolding shall not come into contact with the wall painting, dismantle scaffold should pay attention to protect the finished product, to avoid the second mend, each technical workers day shall be for the day when the operation result of inspection, found that quality problem timely repair.）