浅析科技类文章特点及翻译技巧

浅析科技类文章特点及翻译技巧

考研英语常用翻译技巧总结

常用翻译技巧总结 (编辑整理by会员solxf) 个人认为,翻译题很重要!考研是个充实自己的过程,只要你还需要英语,就离不开翻译,所以大家应该引起足够重视。 首先个人推荐一本书,XDF唐静老师的《拆分与组合翻译法》,我听过他的课,他的方法很实用,感觉很象下面介绍的第四种方法。 翻译题里考察三方面内容: 1、专有名词(如operational research expert)、习惯用法(如depend on) 及多义词的翻译 (如school、set的多义) 2、一般性翻译技巧:包括词义选择,词序调整,词性转换和增词法等等 3、具体句型(定从、状从、主从、宾从、表从、同位从、强调结构、并列、 比较、倒装、插入、被动、否定等) 其中2、3是大考点,具体内容可在论坛下XDF的翻译笔记来看,在此不赘述。 可看出,应对翻译题的主要武器是翻译技巧,下面正式进入正题(常用方法、被动语态译法、形容词译法、举例详解) 一、常用方法 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中,也可以运用于口译过程中,而且应该用得更加熟练。 1增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在翻译时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。如: (1)What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语) (2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句) (3) Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词)

浅谈商务英语的特点及英译汉翻译技巧-商务英语专业毕业论文

浅谈商务英语的特点及英译汉翻译技巧 目录 中文摘要 (1) 英文摘要 (2) 提纲 (3) 正文 (4) 参考文献 (8)

浅谈商务英语的特点及英译汉翻译技巧 摘要:随着世界经济一体化的不断深化和扩展,国际商务活动日益频繁,商务英语的作用也变得日益显著,本文以商务英语作为实用英语语言工具的角度,对其显著的特点以及对应的英译汉翻译技巧进行简要分析,这有助于人们更好地学习商务英语,更好地进行商务沟通,取得国际经济贸易的成功。 关键词:商务英语;特点;英译汉;翻译技巧

On the Study of the Characteristic of Business English and Its E-C Translation Skills Abstract:As the world continues to deepen economic integration and expansion of international business having become increasingly frequent, the role of Business English is becoming increasingly significant, the paper business English as a practical tool for English language point of view.Its significant features, as well as the English translation of the corresponding Chinese translation skills to carry out a brief analysis, which helps business people to learn better English, better for business communication, international economic and trade success. Key words: business English; features; English-Chinese translation; translation skills

英语短文中英文翻译

my friend and I are taking a , we are seeing a boy sit on the chair,he is crying,we go and ask him.“what’s the matter with you” he tell us“I can’t find my dog can you help me”.“yes,I can”.And we help him find his dong .oh it stay under the big tree! 今天我和我的朋友一起去散步。突然我们看见一个男孩坐在椅子上,他哭的很伤心。我们走过去问他:“你怎么了”。他告诉我们:“我的狗不见了,你们能帮我找到它吗”。“是的,我们能帮你找到你的狗”然后我们帮助他找到了他的狗,原来是它呆在一棵大树下。 day an old man siselling a big young man comes to the elephant and begins to look at it old man goes up to him and says inhis ear,“Don't sa y anything about the elephant before I sell it,then i'll give you some money.”“All right,”says the young the old man slles the elephant,he gives the young man some money and says,“Now,can you tell me how you find the bad ears of theelephant?”“I don't find the bad ears,”says the young man.“Then why do you look at the elephant slowly?”asks the old young man answers,“Because I never see an elephant before,and I want to know what it looks like.” 一天,一个老的男人正在卖一头大象。一个年轻的男人走向大象然后开始慢慢看着它(大象),这个老的男人走向他对着他的耳朵说,“不要在我卖出它(大象)之前说关于它(大象)的事,然后我会给你一些钱。”“好的”,这个年轻的男人说。在这个老的男人卖出大象后,他给了年轻的男人一些钱并且说,“现在,你可以告诉我你是怎样知道大象的坏的耳朵了吧?”“我不知道坏的耳朵”,这个年轻的男人说。“然后为什么你慢慢的看着大象?”这个老的男人问。这个年轻的男人回答,“因为我在这之前从来没有见过大象,还有我想知道它(大象)是什么样子的。” 3.An old woman had a cat. The cat was very old; she could not run quickly, and she could not bite, because she was so old. One day the old cat saw a mouse; she jumped and caught the mouse. But she could not bite it; so the mouse got out of her mouth and ran away, because the cat could not bite it.? Then the old woman became very angry because the cat had not killed the mouse. She began to hit the cat. The cat said, "Do not hit your old servant. I have worked for you for many years, and I would work for you still, but I am too old. Do not be unkind to the old, but remember what good work the old did when they were young."? 一位老妇有只猫,这只猫很老,它跑不快了,也咬不了东西,因为它年纪太大了。一天,老猫发现一只老鼠,它跳过去抓这只老鼠,然而,它咬不住这只老鼠。因此,老鼠从它的嘴边溜掉了,因为老猫咬不了它。? 于是,老妇很生气,因为老猫没有把老鼠咬死。她开始打这只猫,猫说:“不要打你的老仆人,我已经为你服务了很多年,而且还愿意为你效劳,但是,我实在太老了,对年纪大的不

翻译技巧总结

1. 句子内部指代的翻译 当代词与其所指代的对象在同一划线句中时,一般来可以将代词译为相对应的代词。但是如果前面出现多个名词,而且从数量、性质等方面很难判断代词的指代,则最好将代词翻译成相对应的名词。 98 71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. 结构分析:这是一个复合句. But even more important是整个句子的状语,it was the farthest是主句,that scientists had been able to look into the past是修饰the farthest的定语从句,for引导原因状语从句(参见1995年71题),在这个状语从句中,what they were seeing是主语从句,were the patterns and structures是状语从句中的系表结构,that existed…是修饰名词patterns and structures的定语从句。 译文:但更为重要的是,这是科学家们所能观察到的最遥远的过去的景象,因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。 01 71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 结构分析:这是一个复合句。There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors是主句,其中hosted by robots是过去分词短语做television chat shows 的后置定语,with pollution monitors是介词短语修饰cars;that will disable them是定语从句,修饰pollution monitors ;when they offend是时间状语从句,修饰动词disable。 译文:届时,将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车,一旦这些汽车排 污超标(违规),监控器就会使其停驶。 01 74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration:"It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century. 结构分析:这是一个复合句。But that is only the start of man-machine integration是主句,其中有一个插入语Pearson points out。It will be the beginning of the long process of integration 是直接引语中的主句,that引导定语从句修饰名词integration,before the end of the next century是介词短语作状语。. 译文:但皮尔森指出,这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始:"它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步,最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。" 2. 句外指代的翻译 A.对于指代具体某个或几个名词的词,一定要搞清楚他指代的内容,译文中用代词表示不清的就用名词来表达,哪怕是罗嗦一点也一定要多用名词,只有在明显清楚或者找不到合适的名词才用代词。P8-74 01 74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: "It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century. 结构分析:这是一个复合句。But that is only the start of man-machine integration是主句,其中有一个插入语Pearson points out。It will be the beginning of the long process of integration 是直接引语中的主句,that引导定语从句修饰名词integration,before the end of the next century是介词短语作状语。. 译文:但皮尔森指出,这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始:"它是人机一体化漫长之

医学论文英语翻译技巧

医学论文英语摘要的写作及难句翻译 [摘要] 2.1 文章标题文章标题具备信息功能(提供文章的主要内容)、祈使功能(吸引读者阅读和购买)、美感功能(简单明了、新颖、醒目)和检索功能(方便读者和科技工作者检索、查阅及引用)。 2.2 语态在英语中却常常采用第三人称的被动语态。 2.3 时态:一般现在时和一般过去时,偶尔也会出现完成时。 结论”中的一句,是论文作者对研究工作进行的总结,并指出其对当前实际工作的指导意义,因此使用的是一般现在时。当然,使用何种时态不能一概而论。在翻译时,要根据原文中所要表达的意思来最后确定。 3 长、难句的翻译 不管是英语还是汉语医学文章,都有一个共同的特点,即它们的句子通常较长,结构较复杂,有时,长长的一段文字仅由一句话组成。在医学论文摘要中更是如此,要做好它们的互译还真不容易。这是因为汉语句子建构在意念主轴(thought?pivot)上'英语句子建构在形式(或主谓)主轴(form?pivot or subject? predict?pivot)上。也就是说,虽然句子是表达完整意义的语言单位,汉语强调的是意义,不太强调句子结构,许多句子没有主语,还有的句子主语不明显,但意义是明确的;而英语句子特别强调句子结构,绝大多数句子需要主语和谓语。这就要求在汉译英过程中注意句意的转换,学会抓找中心词和使用英语中的各个关联词。请看下列例子 例1:“以BPDE诱导恶性转化的人支气管上皮细胞株16HBE为模型,采用cDNA代表性差异分析方法,比较转化细胞及正常对照细胞间基因表达的差异,分离恶变细胞中差异表达的cDNA片段。”翻译:The malignant transformation of human bronchial cell line 16HBE induced by BPDE was used as a m odel for comparing gene expression between the transformed cells and controls. cDNA representational difference analysis was performed to isolate differentially expressed cDNA fragment in transformed cell s.分析:在中文原句中,出现了“以……”、“采用……”以及“比较……”、“分离……”这两个看似并列的机构'如果按照原文翻译'就会不知所云。因此,根据句意和英语的句子结构,将原文分成两层意思,按照两个句子去翻译。在第一层意思中,“上皮细胞株”在句中是中心词,但在实际翻译中,应通过所有格形式将“恶性转化”处理为中心词。翻译时,将它们的位置颠倒过来,并且为了保持和中文“以…”结构相一致,使用了被动语态。第二层意思中,“c DNA代表性差异分析方法”是中心词。其他结构按照英文习惯出现,层次分明,出落自然,毫无累赘之感。 例2:“这些感受器是神经末梢,它们嵌入血管壁,根据该血管扩张的程度发出冲动。”翻译:These r eceptors are nerve endings that discharge impulses according to the extent of stretch in the wall of the vessels in which they are imbedded.分析:原文虽然不是太长'但如果按照中文结构去译'就显得很幼稚。因此'就应使用英语中的各个关联词及关联结构。本句中采用的是定语分译法'即用一个主句带上一个定语从句'该定语从句又带上它自己的定语从句'这不仅符合英文习惯'而且逻辑性很强。整个译文层次明晰、流畅自然。以上是笔者在工作中的一些探索'希望能对进行医学论文英语摘要写作的医务工作者有所启发。 翻译的等效性和灵活性 1. 正确理解“等效翻译”

英语小短文(带翻译)

Whether sixty or sixteen, there is in every human being's heart the lure of wonders, the unfailing childlike appetite of what's next and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station: so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the infinite, so long are you young. 无论是60岁还是16岁,你需要保持永不衰竭的好奇心、永不熄灭的孩提般求知的渴望和的欢乐与热情。在你我的心底,有一座无线电台,它能在多长里接收到人间万物传递来的、、欢乐、鼓舞和力量的信息,你就会年轻多长时间。 An individual human existence should be like a river—small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. 应当像河流,开始是涓涓细流,受两岸的限制而十分狭窄,尔后奔腾咆哮,翻过危岩,飞越瀑布,河面渐渐开阔,河岸也随之向两边隐去,最后水流平缓,森森无际,汇入大海之中,个人就这样地消失了。 Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity,of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease.This often exists in a man of sixty more than a boy of twenty.Nobody grows old merely by a number of years.We grow old by deserting our ideals. 意味着战胜懦弱的那股大丈夫气概和摈弃安逸的那种冒险精神。往往一个60岁的老者比一个20岁的青年更多一点这种劲头。人老不仅仅是岁月流逝所致,更主要的是不思进取的结果。 Years may wrinkle the skin,but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust. 光阴可以在颜面上留下印记,而热情之火的熄灭则在上刻下皱纹。烦恼、恐惧、会扭曲人的灵魂,并将青春化为灰烬。 爱情的世界很大也很小 The love world is big, which can hold hundreds of disappointments; the love world is small which is crowded even with three people inside. 原来的世界很大,大到可以装下上百种委屈; 原来爱情的世界很小,小到三个人就挤到窒息。 To the world you may be one person, but to one person you may be the world. 对于世界而言,你是一个人;但是对于某个人,你是他的整个世界。 Don’t waste your time on a man/woman, who isn’t willing to waste their time on you. 不要为那些不愿在你身上花费的人而浪费你的时间。

英语翻译方法和技巧归纳

英语翻译方法和技巧归纳 一、词汇方面 ㈠.词义选择 大多数英语词汇是多义的,翻译时必须选择正确的词义。词义选择的方法有三:根据上下文和词的搭配选择、根据词类选择、根据专业选择。 ㈡.词义转换 在理解英文词汇的原始意义基础上,翻译时可根据汉语的习惯按引伸义译出;或用反义词语译出,即所谓的正文反译、反文正译。 ㈢.词类转换

英语中很多由动词转化而成的名词、以及动名词、非谓语动词等,汉译时可将它们转换成动词。 ㈣.补词 是指原文已有某种含义但未用词汇直接表达,译文中需将这些含义补充进去,这样才更通顺易读,如:英语中数词与名词之间没有量词,而译成汉语时可酌情增加。 ㈤.省略 是指原文中某些词在译文中省略不译,只要并不影响意义的完整。如:上面讲的汉语“量词”,译成英语时则可以省略;又如:英语中大量使用物主代词而汉语中往往省略不用。 ㈥.并列与重复

英语在表达重复含义的并列结构中常采用共享、替代、转换等形式来避免重复,而汉语却常常有意重复表达以加强文字的力度,如:英语的物主代词替代前面的名词,短语动词只重复介词而省略主动词,汉译时可考虑重复表达。 二、句子结构方面 子结构方面的翻译技巧,主要有三种类型:语序类、组合类和转换类。 ㈠.语序类 1. 顺译法与逆译法 英语时间状语可前可后。不仅如此,英语在表达结果、条件、说明等定语从句、状语从句也很灵活,既可以先述也可以后述。而汉语

表达往往是按时间或逻辑的顺序进行的,因此,顺译法也罢逆译法也罢,其实都是为了与汉语的习惯相一致。英语表达与汉语一致的就顺译,相反的则逆译。 有时候顺译法与逆译法的差别,就象前面谈的正译与反译,依译者的爱好而定。 2. 前置法 英语中较短的限定性定语从句、表身份特征等的同位语在译成汉语时,往往可以提到先行词(中心词)的前面。 3. 分起总叙与总起分叙 长句子和句子嵌套现象在英语中比较普遍,这是因为英语的连词、关系代词、关系副词等虚词比较活跃、生成能力强,可构成并列句、复合句以及它们的组合形式。

专业英语阅读 翻译文章

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