现在完成时讲解及练习

现在完成时讲解及练习
现在完成时讲解及练习

现在完成时讲解及练习 TTA standardization office【TTA 5AB- TTAK 08- TTA 2C】

Unit 9:现在完成时讲解

一.基本结构:助动词have/h as+(done)

二.句型:

否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.

一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.

简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)No, 主语 + have n't/hasn't.(否定)

三.用法

(1)现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果

I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)

Guo zijun has (just/alread y) come. (含义:郭子君现在在这儿)

My father has gone to wor k.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) (2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用.

①for+时段

②since+过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来)

③since+时段+ago

④since+从句(过去时)

●⑤It is+时段+since+从句(过去时)

Mary has been ill for three days.

I have lived here since 19

98.

四.has gone (to),has bee n (to), has been (in) 的区别

Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)

Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai.

Have/Has been (to) :去过(已不在去过的地方)

My father has been to Sha nghai.

Have/has been in:呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)

My father has been in Sha nghai for two months. /since t wo months ago.

五.现在完成时的标志

1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:

* 以already, just和yet为标志

He has already got her hel p.他已得到她的帮助。

He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。

He hasn't come back yet.他还没有回来。

* 以ever和never为标志This is the best film I have e ver seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。

He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。

* 以动作发生的次数为标志

He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。

* 以so far(到目前为止)为标+before

He has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。

She has passed the examso fa r.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。

2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。

* ①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点(过去从句)为

标志

注意: 1)现在完成时不能单独与

过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterd ay,last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与when连用 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用

六.过去分词

1 、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:

(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。

work---worked---worked ,vis it---visited---visited

(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。

live---lived---lived ,

(3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“ e d ”。

study---studied---studied ,cr y---cried---cried

(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。

stop---stopped---stopped , d rop---dropped--dropped

2 、:

AAA型

原型过去式过去分词

burst burst burst hurt hurt h urt let let let

cast cast cast

cost cost cost

cut cut cut

hit hit hit

put put put

set set set

shut shut shut

spread spread spread

read read read read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/ red/

AAB型

beat beat beaten

ABA型

become became become run ran run

come came come

特殊情况

ABB型

bring brought brought

buy bought bought

build built built

burn burnt burnt

catch caught caught

dig dug dug

feel felt felt

fight fought fought

find found found

hear heard heard

hold held held

keep kept kept

lay laid laid

lead led led

lose lost lost

make made made

meet met met

sell sold sold

shoot shot shot

sit sat sat

stand stood stood sweep swept swept teach taught taught

tell told told

think thought thought win won won

ABC型

begin began begun blow blew blown

break broke broken choose chose chosen draw drew drawn

drive drove driven

drink drank drunk

fly flew flown

forgive forgave forgiven forget forgot forgotten

freeze froze frozen

give gave given

grow grew grown

know knew known

ride rode ridden

rise rose risen

ring rang rung

shake shook shaken

sing sang sung

sink sank sunk

swim swam swum

throw threw thrown

write wrote written 七.(buy,die,join,come,go ,leave,join ……)不能直接与fo r since 连用。要改变动词

buy----have borrow -----k eep

come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in

go out----be out leave ----be away

begin-----be on finish----be over

open----be open close -----be closed

die----be dead

★代替buy

My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almo st four years.

★2、用keep或have代替borr ow

I have kept(不能用have bo rrowed) the book for quite a fe w days.

★3、用be替代become

How long has your sister been a teacher

★4、用have a cold代替catch a cold

Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.

★5、用wear代替put on

b)用“be+形容词”代

1、be+married代marry

2、be+ill代fall (get) ill

3、be+dead代die

4、be +asleep代fall (get) asleep

5、be+awake代wake/wa ke up

6、be+gone代lose,die, sell,leave

7、be+open代open 8、b

e closed代close/shut

9、be+missing(gone,lost)代lose

c)用“be+副词”代终止性动词

1“be+on”代start,begin

2“be+up”代get up

3“be+back(to)”代return t o,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come (arrive,reach,get) here或go (a rrive,reach,get) there等等

d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词

1.“be in/at +地点”代替go t o /come to

2.用be in the army 代替joi n the army

3.“be in/at +地点”代替mov

e to

常用瞬间动词变表:

1. have arrived at/in sw. g ot to/reached sw. come/gone/ moved to sw.

→have been in sw./at…相应的介词

2. have come/gone back/r eturned → have been back

3. have come/gone out →have been out

4. have become → have b een

5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open

6. have got up → have bee n up;

7. have died → have been dead;

8. have left sw. → have be en away from sw.

9. have fallen asleep/got t o sleep → have been asleep;

10. have finished/ended/c ompleted → have been over;

11. havemarried → have b een married;

12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ;

13. have begun → have be en on

14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had

15. have lost → haven’t ha d

16. have put on →have wo rn

17. have caught /get a col

d → hav

e had a cold;

18. have got to know → ha ve known

19. have/has gone to → ha ve been in

20. have joined/have take n part in the league/the Party/t he army

→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the P arty’s member/the league me mber/the soldier…

现在完成时练习(一)

A)选用have, has填空:

_______ told him the news.

________ come back from schoo l. ________ won the game.

B)按要求改写下列各句:

have bought a computer.(改成否定句)_______________________ __________________

has lost his book.(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)____ ______________________________ _______

C) 单项选择

6. -Where have you _____, Kate? -I've ______ to the bank.A. gone, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. been, gone

7. Her grandfather ______ for two years. A. died B. has die d C. has been dead D. has be en died

8. It's six weeks ______ I met you last.A. when B. since C. before D. for

9. Tom and Jack have arrived a t West Hill Farm already.

A. have got

B. have gone to

C. have been to

D. have reach ed

现在完成时练习(二)

一、单项选择。

1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what' s happened to him .(呼和浩特)

A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know

2、He has _______ been to Sh anghai , has he

A. already B.never C. ever D. still

3、Have you met Mr Li ___ ___

A. just B. ago C.befo re D. a moment ago

4、The famous writer _____ o ne new book in the past two years .

A. is writing B.was wr iting C.wrote D.has writte n

5、—Our country ______ a lo t so far .

—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good

C. has changed ; better D. changed ; better

6、Zhao Lan

______already ______in this school for two years .

A. was ; studying B. will ; study

C. has ; studied D. are ; studying

7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

A. know B. had known C. have known D.

knew

8、Harry Potter is a

very nice film .I_______ it twice .

A. will see B.

have seen C. saw D.see

9、—These farmers have been to the United States .

—Really When

_____ there

A. will they go B. did they go

C. do they go D. have they gone

10、—______ you ___

your homework yet

—Yes . I _____ it

a moment ago .

A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished

C. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish

11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in

12、—Do you know him well

— Sure .We

_________ friends since ten years ago .

A. were B. have been C. have become D.

have made

13、—How long have you ____ here

—About two months .

A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived

14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

A. has begun B. had begun

C. has been on D. began

15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .

A. is B. has C. will D. was

16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .

A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been

17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .

A. have been in B. have been to

C. have gone to D. have been

18、The students have cleaned the classroom,

A. so they

B. don’t they

C. have they

D. haven’t they

19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China

A. How soon, comes

B. How often, got

C. How long, came

D. How far, arrived

20、 His uncle____for more than 9 years.

A. has come here

B. has started to work

C. has lived there

D. has left the university

二、句型转换。

1、He has never surfed, (

改成反意疑问句)

2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) ________they been here?

3、The old man _________ last year. He____

for a year. (die) (动词填空)4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)This factory

________ for twenty

years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)Miss Gao ________ _______

________ ________ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three

years .(同义句) Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转

换)_______ two years

________ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)

____________________________ _______________ 三、汉译英。1、吉姆已做完作业,他现在有空了。2、他昨天收到一封信。

3、我父亲以前到过长城。

4、她还没有看过那部新电影。

5、她去过上海。

6、他这些天上哪儿去了?

参考答案:

一、单项选择。

1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或过去发生的动作还未结束,一直持续到现在或将来,重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大,往往无时间状语,需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理,正确答案是B。

2、现在完成时常与already(已经),just(刚刚,正好),ever (曾经),never(从来,也不;

从不),before(以前),yet(仍然)等连用。故2应选B。

3、C

4、现在完成时常与recently(近来),so far(到目前为止),in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间,句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。

5、C

6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用(含从句,从句过去时)。故6应选C。

7、C

8、现在完成时还与once(一次),twice(两次),three times (三次),several times(几次)等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。

9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆,就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去,但二者又有区别:一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作,说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情,与现在没有关系;现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作,它不与表示过去的时间状语(如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等)连用。故9的正确答案为B。

10、B

11、现在完成时中,非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为:D。

12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。

16、“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地(还未回来)”,指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”,常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地(但现在已不在那儿)。”故16的正确答案为A。

17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C

二、句型转换。

1、has he

2、How long

3、died, has been dead

4、has been open

5、has been away

6、joined;ago

7、It is, since 8、The bus has been here for ten minutes.

三、汉译英。1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now.

2、He received a letter yesterday.

3、My father has been to the Great Wall before.

4、She hasn't seen the new film yet.

5、She has been to Shanghai.

6、Where has he been these days

人教版八年级下册现在完成时专项讲解

现在完成时 现在完成时(present perfect tense)通常表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在,而且还可能继续下去,或者表示过去的行为对现在造成一定的影响,可能还会产生结果等。 1.现在完成时结构 1.1.助动词have/has+动词过去分词。其中,助动词要随着主语的变化而变化,当主语是第三人称单数时,助动词要用“has”。 例:Have you finished your work? He says that he has seen UFOs many times. 1.2.现在完成时的缩写形式:I have=I ’ve have not= haven’t has not= hasn’t 例:I’ve finished my work./He hasn’t finished his work. 1.3.现在完成时的一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答:No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t. 例:----Have you finished your work?----Yes,I have./No,l haven’t. ----Have they arrived?----Yes,they have./No,they haven’t. 1.4.1.通过加-ed的形式来构成规则动词的过去分词,就像我们构成这些动词的过去式方法一样。 大多数动词后+ed.如finish---finished. 以字母e为结尾的动词后+d,如change---changed. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,去掉y,再加ied.如carry---carried.

初中现在完成时态讲解带练习知识讲解

初中现在完成时态讲 解带练习

一.现在完成时的含义及用法 1.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。 2.现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 现在完成时的基本句型: 肯定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式: 助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词? 用法①现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。 Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的) I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙) I haven’t read that book yet . (不了解书的内容) I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的) 此时,现在完成时常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用,通常放在助动词之后,过去分词之前。 already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 用于否定句,翻译为还没。疑问句尾.翻译为已经 1.你已经找到你的书了吗? 2.他们在这个城市建了许多房子. 3.Judy还没到达.

4.你吃过早饭了吗? 用法② 现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since ( 自从)he was born . Have you stayed here since ( 自从) 3 o’clock? for+ 时间段 since+时间点 , since+ 句子 ①Mr. Brown has had his TV _____15 years. ②I’ve taken driving lessons _______last month. ③My sister has had her cell phone _____a month . ④My friends haven’t visited me _______ my birthday. ⑤We haven’t used our car _____a long ti me . ⑥She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee ____ years. ⑦Tom has worn glasses _______he was 7 years old. 二.have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to “到过,去过”,表示曾经到过某处,但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to“去了”,表示已经去了某地,现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 have been in“呆在某处一段时间了” 三.实义动词分为: 瞬间动词、延续动词

现在完成时趣味讲解

现在完成时趣味讲解 现在完成时的含义 可与现在完成时态相连用的常见时间状语 瞬间动词在现在完成时态中的用法 现在完成时的含义 在当今常见的语法书中对现在完成时的定义大多是:现在完成时是指过去发生的至今已经完成或还在继续的动作。在笔者2011年于《海外英语》中发表的《have + -en的构式研究》中曾指出这一说法的稍欠妥之处。因为过去发生的“已经完成”或“未完成”容易让学生产生疑惑:究竟是不是完成时? 笔者认为易仲良教授提出的“式态”的说法以及马承老师提出的“现在完成时表示过去已经发生而与现在情况有关系的动作”这一说法更能让学生理解。事实上,我在初中的教学过程当中也是这样跟学生讲解的,学生们能够较好的理解这一说法,并能自然地将现在完成时与一般过去时区分开来。 常与现在完成时相连的时间状语 在初中阶段,多数考查现在完成时的句子当中都有较为明显的时间状语标志词, 比如以下的这些句子(均摘录自人教版教材):

Have you read Treasure Island yet? I’ve already read it. Have you ever been to a museum? I’ve never been to a science museum. I’ve had this bike for three years. 如果在实际的教学过程当中孤立地让学生记忆这些时间状语标志,无疑会给学生增大学习难度。为了能够提高学生的学习兴趣,我认为可以通过口诀韵律的方式让学生较快地掌握:以前(before)从来不(never)出现,最近(recently)曾经(ever)一两遍(once/twice/many times…), 自从(since+时间点)刚刚(just)for一段(for+一段),至今(so far/up to now)已经(already/yet)很明显。 在实际的教学过程当中,教师可有意识地讲述两个“已经”(already/yet)及(since/for)的区别着重分章节讲解,让学生在有了整体概念的基础上对各个考点进行突破。 瞬间动词在现在完成时中的用法 在人教版的课本附录的语法讲解中,我们可以看到:“某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在(包括”现在“在内)的动作或状态,可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词”。如:

中考中考英语总复习现在完成时专项及解析

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中考英语现在完成时知识点梳理及经典练习(超详细) 一、初中英语现在完成时 1.So far, the AIIB(亚投行)_____ 57 countries to be the founding members. A. attracted B. has attracted C. will attract 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:到目前为止,亚投行吸引了57个国家成为发起国。So far,到目前为止,句子强调过去对现在造成的结果,用现在完成时态。故选B。 2.My father ____ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda. A. was working B. is working C. has worked D. will work 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:我父亲在熊猫保护中心工作了10年,所以他对熊猫很了解。由句中的语句for 10 years 提示可知,此句要用现在完成时,主语my father,助动词要用has,故选C。 【点评】考查现在完成时的基本结构及用法,注意根据句子的时间状语判断时态。 3.—Where is your father? — . A. He has been to Shanghai B. He has been in Shanghai C. He has gone to Shanghai D. He have been to Shanghai 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意:-你的父亲在哪儿?-他去上海了。Have been to去过某地(已回);have been in在……;have gone to去了某地(未回)。本题中父亲是人们在找的人,所以是去了某地,还没回来,用have gone to。主语he是三人称单数,用has gone to。故选C。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时。以及Have been to;have been in;have gone to三个短语的词义和用法。 4.— Where is your uncle? I haven't seen him for a long time. — He _______ Beijing for about half a year. He moved there in January. A. has gone to B. has been to C. has arrived in D. has been in 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】考查延续与非延续性动词。根据for about half a year是一段时间,排除非延续性动词A、B、C这三个选项,故选D。

现在完成时专题讲解

现在完成时态专题讲解 一、注意理解时态的两层意义及不同意义对应的标志词 观察一:请仔细观察下列句子。 1.I have already finished reading the book.(现在我了解了书的内容). 2.Have you had lunch yet? Yes, I have.(我现在不饿了). 3.He has never seen the film before. (现在他不了解电影的内容) 4.I have just washed my car.(现在车很干净了) 5.I have seen the film three times. (我现在了解电影的内容) 思考一:现在完成时表达的含义: 1)表示在发生或已经结束的动作对造成的影响或结果 标志词:常与already(已经),yet(已经),just(刚刚),before,ever(曾经),never,three times等词连用。常用于肯定句中, 常用于否定句,疑问句句尾。 练习、翻译以下句子 1、你已经找到你的书了吗? (find-found your book) 2、他们已经在这个城市建了许多房子. (build-built many buildings) 3、Judy还刚到达. (arrive-arrived) 观察二:请仔细观察以下句子 1.We have been in Qi Bin Middle School since 2013.(我们还在淇滨中学) 2.He has learned English for 5 years/since 5 years ago/since I was in primary school.(他还在继续学习英语) 3.China has made great changes these years/up to now/so far. (现在还在发生变化) 思考二:现在完成时表达的含义: 2)表示在过去已经开始并到现在。可能已经结束,也可能将会继续持续下去的动作或状态. 标志词:常与for, since,these years, recently(最近),up to now/until now/so far(到现在),in the past/last years,(在过去几年) 等引导的短语或从句连用. ★since 用来说明动作起始时间—“自从……” for 用来说明动作延续时间长度—“长达……” 1)since+时间点 He has stayed here since (五点钟). 2)since+ 时间段+ ago He has stayed here since (五个小时前). 3)since+ 从句(从句用一般过去时) She has taught English since (自从他来这里). ★for+ 时间段 He has kept the book (长达两周时间). 注意:并非有for /since作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。) I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。) It is two years since the old man died. (老人去世已有两年了。)

人教版英语英语现在完成时形式讲解及解析

人教版英语英语现在完成时形式讲解及解析 一、初中英语现在完成时 1.— Mary, I remember you several years ago. — Yes, I for 3 years. A. married, have married B. married, married C. married, have been married D. have married, have been married 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:——Mary,我记得几年前你结婚了。——是的,我已经结婚三年了。ago表明时态是一般过去时,所以用过去式married。排除D。for+时间段用现在完成时,并且用延续性动词,现在完成时的结构是have/has+动词过去分词,排除B。marry是非延续性动词,其延续性动词是be married,be的过去分词是been,故选C。 【点评】考查一般过去时和现在完成时,注意平时识记非延续性动词及其延续性动词。 2.—How do you like Beijing, Miss Read? —I've no idea. I _____ there. A. have gone B. have been C. haven't been D. haven't gone 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:---你觉得北京怎么样,瑞得小姐?---我不知道,我没有去过那儿。短语:have been to去过某地(已经返回);have gone to去了某地(尚未返回),根据句意,故答案为C。 【点评】考查短语辨析,区分have been to与have gone to,理解句子,根据语境判断答案。 3.— Hobo and Eddie the cinema to watch the film Zootopia. — Oh, that's why I can't find them now. A. have gone to B. have been to C. has gone to D. has been to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】考查主谓一致。句意:——侯博和埃迪去了电影院看电影《疯狂动物城》。——哦,这就是为什么我现在找不到他们的原因。have gone to去了;been to去过。Hobo and Eddie作主语,谓语动词要用复数形式。所以选A。 4.—Do you miss your parents far away? —Yes, very much. They the hometown for over two years. A. left B. have left C. were away from D. have been away from 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】根据句意“他们已经离家两年多了”可知用现在完成时,时间状语for over

现在完成时(知识梳理)

现在完成时 【概念引入】 欣赏含有现在完成时的名言: Life has taught me to think, but thinking has not taught me to live. 生活教会了我思考,但思考却没有教会我生活。 Winter must be cold for those with no warm memories. We have already missed the spring. 对于那些没有温馨回忆的人们来说,冬天一定很冷。我们已经错过春天了。 Nature has given us the seeds of knowledge, but not knowledge itself. 在自然赋予我们知识的种子,而非知识本身。 现在完成时的构成: 现在完成时是:助动词have(has)+过去分词构成的。 I have finished my homework. 我已经完成了作业。 现在完成时的否定句:是在助动词have(has)的后面加not构成。 I haven’t seen the film so far. 到目前为止,我还没有看那部电影。 现在完成时的一般疑问句:是把助动词have(has)提到句子主语的前面。 Have you seen the film yet? 你看过那部电影了吗? 【用法讲解】 一、现在完成时的定义及用法(1) 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。 (“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作,对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”) Have you read that story?你读过那个故事吗? (“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是:是否知道故事的内容。) 在学习这一概念的同时,还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词:already,just,ever,yet,never等。already,just多用于肯定句中,ever,yet,never多用于疑问句和否定句中。 I have already finished my homework. 我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal. 他刚吃过饭。 Have you ever sung this English song?你曾唱过这首英文歌吗? They haven’t started yet.他们还没有动身。 We have never heard of it.我们从来没有听说过这件事。 二、现在完成时的定义及用法(2) 表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,也可以表示实质可能继续下去的动作或状态。这时往往与表示一段的时间状语连用。

现在完成时讲解

现在完成时讲解 第一部分: 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。学习现在完成时,先从结构和句式开始: 构成:主语 + have / has + 过去分词 + 其他 (当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。) 否定式:主语+ haven’t / hasn’t +过去分词 + 其他 疑问式:Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他? 简略答语:Yes, 主语 + have / has.(肯定) No, 主语+ haven’t / hasn’t.(否定) 第二部分: 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义: 1.以already, just和yet为标志 already, just和yet表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。 He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasn’t come back yet.他还没有回来。 2.以ever和never为标志 ever和never表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。 This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。 He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。 3.以动作发生的次数为标志 若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。 He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。 4.以so far为标志 so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。 He has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。 She has passed the exam so far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。 第三部分: 过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在,甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。 “终止”、“延续”要转换 英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种。在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性,应将这类非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。如:“Cats” has been on for half an hour.《猫》已经开演半个小时了。 How long have you had this dictionary?这本字典你买了多久了? 初中阶段常见的有:come—be, go out—be out, leave—be away (from), begin—be on, buy—have, borrow—keep, join—be a member / 介词短语, die—be dead, become—be, open (v.)—be open (adj.) 等。

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