级新题型翻译translation练习

六级新题型——翻译练习(1)

1.京剧的脸谱（Peking Opera masks）几乎成了中国文化的一个代表性的符号，一种象征。

许多国家举办“中国文化年”，招贴画上往往画着一个大大的京剧脸谱。脸谱有两种用

意。一种是表明剧中人的身份和性格。如“红脸”表示这个人忠勇，“黑脸”表示这个

人粗豪，“白脸”表示这个人奸恶。再一种用意是体现人们对这个角色的道德评价和审

美（aesthetic）评价，如可敬的、可恨的、崇高的、可笑的，等等。脸谱除了这种含

义外，它本身又具有一种色彩美、图案美。

Peking Opera masks are now almost emblematic of China. Many countries design

posters using Peking Opera masks to signal a “Year of Chinese Culture”. Masks

serve two purpose. One is to indicate the identity and character of the role.

For example, a “red face” means the person is loyal and brave; a “black face”

signifies the person is straightforward; and a “white face” identities the

person as crafty and evil. The other purpose is to express people’s appraisal

of the roles from a moral and aesthetic point of view, such as responsible,

hateful, noble, or ridiculous, etc. Besides being evocative, Peking Opera masks

are in and of themselves an art of beautiful colors and designs.

2.舞狮（Lion Dance）大约起源于南北朝时期，到了唐朝，狮子舞已发展为上百人集体表

演的大型歌舞。舞狮在中国是一项传统体育项目，也是一种传统文化艺术，从北方到南

方，从城市到乡村，逢年过节及庆典盛事，都可以看到欢快的舞狮。民间认为舞狮可以

很好地把百姓的欢喜心情表达出来，也最能烘托热闹气氛。人们相信石子是吉祥瑞兽，

而舞狮能够带来好运，所以每逢节日和喜庆活动，都会舞狮助兴，气球吉利如意（luck

and fortune）。

The lion dance originated in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, developed into

large-scale singing and dancing performed by hundreds of people collectively

in the Tang Dynasty. The lion dance is a traditional culture and art. From the

North to South, from cities to countries, people can see cheerful lion dances

on New Year’s Day and on other festivals and celebrations. Folk people believe

that the lion dance can express people’s feelings of joy, and it can also set

off the lively atmosphere. People believe that the lion is the lucky beast that

expresses joy and happiness. Therefore, the lion dance plays an important role

at official celebrations and happy events to summon luck and fortune.

3.亭是一种常见的中国建筑，指一种有顶没有围墙的建筑形式，也是中国传统建筑的一部

分。中国亭一般是木质、石质或竹制的，形状各异。但它们的基本结构相同：一个屋顶，

几根柱子，没有墙壁。亭有许多功能。路边的亭被称为凉亭，在夏季可为疲惫的旅人提

供一个遮阳休息之地。也有建在桥上或水井上的带天窗的亭，阳光可以透过天窗（dormer

windows）射入井底。隋唐时期，一些富有的官员和文人（scholars）在自家花园里修

建亭子。自此，亭子的使用功能减弱，审美功能增强。

A common sight in the country, the Chinese Pavilion is covered structure without

surrounding walls and also a part of traditional Chinese architecture. The

Chinese pavilion is built normally wither of wood or stone or bamboo and may

be in any of several plan figures. But all pavilion described as ting have this

in common: they have columns to support the roof, but no walls. Pavilions also

serve diverse purpose. The wayside pavilion is called liangting to provide weary

wayfarers with a place for a rest and a shelter in summer from the sun. Pavilion also stand on some bridges or over water wells. In the latter case, dormer windows are built to allow the sun to cast its rays into the wells. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties wealthy officials and scholars incorporated pavilions into their personal gardens. During this period the function of pavilions shifted from the practical to the aesthetic.

4. 风水源于中国人对于大自然的敬畏（reverence），及对自然界万事万物统一性(oneness)

的信仰。人们认为过上和谐生活的关键是要再日常生活中体现出自然界的平衡。风水代表了我们的祖先对自然界的简单认识。如今，风水在人们的生活中仍然发挥着重要的作用。很多人会根据风水的原则装饰自己的住宅，以求改善生活质量。例如，床不能太靠近窗户，因为光线会直接影响睡眠质量。镜子不能挂在床对面的墙上，以免在夜间被自己的镜像吓到。

Fengshui has its roots in the Chinese reverence for nature and belief in the oneness of all things. The assumption is that the key to living a harmonious life is for people to reflect the balance of nature in their daily life. Fengshui embodies a simple recognition of nature by our Chinese ancestors. Nowadays, Fengshui still plays an important role in people’s life. To improve their quality of life, many people decorate their houses according to Fengshui rules. For example, beds should not be put too close to windows because beams of light would directly affect the quality of sleep. Mirrors should not be hung on walls opposite beds in case you may be scared by the reflections at night.

5. 京剧是中国流行最广、影响最大的一个剧种，有近200年的历史。京剧在形成的过程

中，吸收了许多地方戏的精华，又收到北京方言贺风俗习惯的影响。京剧虽然诞生在北京，但不仅仅是北京的地方戏。中国各地都有演出京剧的剧团。目前上演的京剧主要有传统剧、新编历史剧和现代戏三大类。京剧作为中国民族戏曲的精华，在国内外都有很大的影响。许多京剧表演艺术家也曾到师姐各地访问演出，收到了各国人民的喜爱。

Peking Opera is the most popular and influential opera in China with a history of almost 200years. In the course of its formation, it assimilated the best from many other local operas and was affected by Beijing local dialect and customs.

Though Peking Opera originated from Beijing, it is not a localized opera exclusive to Beijing only. What are staged today are primarily three types, namely, traditional Beijing Operas, newly composed historical ones and modern ones.

Beijing Opera, as the national opera, enjoys a high reputation both inside and outside China. Many famous opera actors and actresses have frequently been invited to perform abroad and have been highly appreciated by foreign audiences.

6. 农历八月十五，是中国传统节日中秋节。中秋节这天，中国人有赏月和吃月饼的习俗。

秋季，天气晴朗凉爽，天上很少出现浮云，夜空中的月亮也显得特别明亮。八月十五的晚上是月圆之夜，成了人民赏月的最好时光。人们把圆月看作团圆（reunion）美满的象征，所以中秋节又叫“团圆节”。中秋节的晚上，全家人坐在一起赏月、吃月饼，心里充满了丰收的喜悦和团聚的欢乐。这时，远离家乡的人也会仰望明月，思念故乡和亲人。

The 15th day of the eighth lunar month is China’s traditional Mid-Autumn Festival.

On that day, the Chinese have custom of admiring the moon and eating moon cakes.

In autumn, it is fine and cool, with few floating clouds in the sky and the moon

at night seems particularly bright. This is especially true on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. Since people consider the full moon as the Mid-Autumn Festival, the whole family will sit together to admire the moon and eat moon cakes, filled with happiness for the bumper harvest and a family reunion. At that time, people far away from hometown will also look up at the moon and miss their hometown and family.

7. 在指南针发明以前，人们在茫茫大海上航行，只能靠太阳和星星的位置辨认方向，如果

遇上阴雨天，就会迷失方向。是中国人发明的指南针帮助人们解决了这个难题。指南针是指示方向的一起。早在战国时期(the Warring States Period (475 BC-221BC))，中国人就发现了磁石(magnet)指示南北的特性，并根据这种特性职称了指示方向的一起——司南(sinan)。到了宋代，人们制成了“罗盘”(luopan)。指南针的发明，给航海事业带来了划时代的影响，师姐航运史也由此翻开了新的一页。

Before the compass was invented, most people identified the direction at sea, only depending upon the position of the sun and stars. If it was cloudy or rainy, people would lose the direction in this way. It was the compass, invented by the Chinese people, which solved this problem. The compass is the instrument used for indicating direction. As early as the Warring States Period (475 BC-221BC), the Chinese discovered that a magnet could be applied to indicate the south and north, and a direction-indicating instrument sinan was made on the basis of this feature. In the Song Dynasty, people created a proper compass called luopan. The invention of the compass had an epoch-making influence on navigation, thereby opening up a new era in the history of international navigation.