跨文化交际 英语专业论文

跨文化交际 英语专业论文
跨文化交际 英语专业论文

致谢

我要把我的谢意献给我的指导老师,李庆庆老师。他在我的论文写作过程中给我极大的支持和鼓励,并且认真的审阅批改我的稿件,并给我提供了很多宝贵的建议。

同时感谢在大学四年里教授我知识的老师们,感谢他们的教导和帮助。

感谢我曾翻阅的辅导书以及论文的作者们,没有这些书中的知识,我将很难完成我的论文。

最后感谢给我各方面支持并陪伴了我四年的同学好友们,感谢一直爱我,支持我的人们,没有他们我不会有今天的成就。

Acknowledgements

I feel much grateful to my teacher, Mr Li Qingqing, who has read my drafts carefully, offered me some valuable advice and given me support and encouragement throughout the development of the paper.

I would like to show my appreciation to all teachers, who taught me the undergraduate courses, for their earnest assistance of all kinds.

Here I want to express my thanks to the authors of the books and papers I have referred to. If I have no the relevant information from their books, it is hard for me to finish my paper.

Thanks are due to all my classmates and friends, who helped me with the preparation of my thesis in one way or another. Thanks to all the people who always love me and support me. Without them, I would not have achieved so much.

摘要

随着全球化的不断发展,中美文化交流日益频繁。本论文通过对中美餐桌礼仪的不同的深入研究,更好的了解中西文化差异,促进保护中国传统礼仪的进程,有利于中国礼仪与西方礼仪的有效融合,有利于我国与西方各国的跨文化交流。通过对餐桌上中西文化差异的研究,该研究成果可以有效地运用在中西贸易谈判中。贸易谈判现在已经延伸到餐桌领域,餐桌的礼仪直接关系到中西贸易谈判的成败。本文首先给出了中西文化的一些理论基础,然后分析了中西文化差异的原因,比如经济结构,思维方式等等。然后重点介绍了中西餐桌上的礼仪差异,主要包括餐前、餐中、和用餐后的礼仪。最后总结了该研究论文的意义。

关键词:跨文化交际,文化差异,餐桌礼仪

Abstract

With the development of the globalization, the culture communication between China and Western countries are more frequent. This paper is favor of the melting and communicating of the Chinese and Western culture by studying the differences between Chinese and Western table manners. This studying can be used in the international trade, and the table manners have been an important factor influencing the success or failure of the business. This paper introduces some theoretical basis firstly. Then it analyzes the reasons of generating cultural differences, such as the economic structure, the way of thinking and so on. The paper puts the emphasis on the differences of the Chinese and western table manners, which mainly include the meal preparation, the etiquettes during the meal and after the meal. In the end, this paper makes a conclusion about the meaning of studying the differences between Chinese and Western countries.

Key words:intercultural communication,culture differences,table manners

Contents

Introduction 0

1. Theoretical basis (1)

1.1 The Understanding of cross-cultural communication (1)

1.2 The different courtesy criteria between Chinese and Western culture (1)

1.3 The Chinese table manners’ history (2)

1.4 The Western table manners’ history (3)

2. The reasons of generating cultural differences (3)

2.1 Different economic structure (3)

2.2 Different ways of thinking (3)

2.3 Different values (4)

2.4 Different characteristics (5)

3. The table cultural differences between China and the Western countries (5)

3.1 Meal preparation (6)

3.1.1 Dressing (6)

3.1.2 Seating Arrangements (6)

3.1.3 Seating etiquettes (7)

3.1.4 Napkins (7)

3.2 The etiquette during the meal (8)

3.2.1 Serving order (8)

3.2.2 The reasons of different table wares in China and Western countries (9)

3.2.3 The differences of the placing and using of the tableware in China and

the Western countries (9)

3.2.4 The way of drinking (11)

3.2.5 Atmosphere differences (11)

3.3 The etiquettes of leaving the table (12)

4. The significance of studying the difference between Chinese and Western cultures12 Conclusion (14)

Bibliography (15)

Introduction

The table manners are the reflection of a country’s culture. The Chin ese’s table manners are of long standing. With the development of policy of the revolution and open to the outside world, the people should learn some W estern countries’ table manners, which will help the Chinese to know their local conditions and customs to promote the communication between China and Western countries.

This paper has four parts totally: The first part is the theoretical basis of the intercultural, including the cross-cultural communication, some different courtesy criteria between China and Western countries, and some table manners’history in China and Western countries. The second part is the reasons of generating the cultural differences. There are many reasons for the cultural differences, and this paper just analyzes it from economy, thinking, values, and characteristics. Followed by is the third part, and it is the main part of the whole paper. This part introduces the table cultural differences between Chinese and Western countries. Because it is the table cultural differences, so the author introduces it from the meal preparation, the etiquettes during the meal and the etiquettes leaving the table. The meal preparation includes the dressing, seating arrangements, seating etiquettes and napkins. The etiquettes mainly consist of the serving order, table wares and the atmosphere. The forth part explains the significance of studying the table culture differences.

In a word, the trade volume increases rapidly recent years, no matter as a trader or a foreign language learner, this paper will play an important part in the road to success. The author hopes this paper can offer some help to everyone.

1. Theoretical basis

In the 21st century, intercultural communication has become an indispensable part in the life. The different areas, different nationalities, different countries lead to the different culture. Table culture is an important factor in intercultural communication. To foreign language learners, it can increase the understanding of the language and increase the success percent in intercultural communication by learning the differences between Chinese and Western table culture and history.

1.1 The Understanding of cross-cultural communication

Intercultural communication is an interdisciplinary research area developed in the mid-20th century. Intercultural communicative competence is the communicative competence in cross-cultural environments, with a strong cross-cultural awareness to communicate between people from different cultural backgrounds. They are good at identifying cultural differences, excluding cultural interference, and having the communicative capacity. Intercultural communicative competence includes the language communicative competence and makes the language communicative competence as the main content and basic of it. Intercultural communicative competence is the cross-cultural communicative competence and it can’t solve the requirements of context differences, but it has the appropriate and effective response capacity for cultural differences and cultural conflicts.

1.2 The different courtesy criteria between Chinese and Western culture

Chinese culture puts the emphasis on modesty while Western culture pays the attention to decent. Modesty requires people to minimize the praise for themselves, and try to belittle themselves. Western people are glad to embrace praise from each other so avoid to damaging to the other people’s prestige, embracing others’ praise is polite in their eyes. Therefore, Westerners are very glad to receive other people’s compliments to show that they are not inconsistent with the people. So they cater to the compliment but not refuse it. Most Chinese people accustom to deny the compliment and advocate the “modest”, because they think that it shows the respect for other people to belittle themselves, but it is embarrassment for the westerners. “Polite” in Chinese culture is rooted in the tradition of the Confucian’s “ceremony”, which stress “belittle themselves to show the respect for other people” and

跨文化交际(英文版)

Cross –cultural communication Thesis statement: This paper is mainly talking about the culture differences between several countries. Outline: Chapter 1: Language and culture in communication Chapter2: Culture shock Chapter3: What’s in a name? Chapter4: Social interaction Chapter 5: Roles and relations Chapter6: Non-verbal communication Chapter 7: In other words. Chapter 8: From a primitive Tribe to a Global Village Conclusion Chapter 1: Language and culture in communication There is no denying the fact that out daily lives depend largely on communication, without it we can’t know each other. So, we should come to realize that communication is of great importance. What is communication? In total, communication can be divided into two parts; they are verbal communication and non-verbal communication. However, different people hold different opinions about communication. In general, if there is communication, there must have 4 cases: there are at least two or more people, some contact between communicators, a language shared by communicators, an exchange of information has taken place. I just take the fist one for example. Suppose there is one person, there can’t be communication. Otherwise, he may talk to himself. Communication not just exist in human-beings There are five kinds of communications they are human communication, animal communication, human-animal communication, human machine communication, machine communication. So, Animals and machines can also communicate with each other. For human beings, how can we communicate with each other? Experts say that there are various kinds of communication. Nowadays, there are different kinds of tools for us to communicate .For people we can use telephone and computer to communicate with each other. By them, finally we can receive message. What is social situation? When there are two or more people gather to do a job or an activity, then it creates a social situation. That is to say, an individual working alone can not constitute a social s A social situation may have two definitions. One is given by the community, and the other by the participants. Finally, we should notice that being polite plays a crucial role in

跨文化交际论文题目

1.英文原声电影赏析与跨文化交际能力的培养 2."跨文化非语言交际语用失误研究 3."公示语翻译中的语用失误探析 4.国内广告语言语用失误研究现状与分析 5."全球化语境下跨文化交际失误语用归因 6."跨文化交际中的语用失误类型及对策研究 7."基于礼貌原则的跨文化语用失误分析 8."跨文化言语交际中的语用负迁移 9."浅析化妆品广告中的语用预设 10."中西方饮食文化的比较研究 11."中美时间观之对比 1 2."浅析汉英问候语中的文化差异 13."英汉词汇的文化内涵差异探析 14."英语身体语的交际功能研究 1 5."浅谈英汉身势语的表意功能之差异 16."目标语文化的理解与跨文化交际 1 7."中西文化差异对中国学生英语学生的影响 18."跨文化交际中的文化误读

9."浅析文化差异对商务谈判的影响 20."英语禁忌语的文化内涵异同研究 21."英语学习中的文化习得 2 2."英汉思维模式的差异对跨文化交际的影响 23."外语学习者的思辨能力与跨文化交际之成效 24."培养英语学习者跨文化交际能力之策略 25."英汉道歉语差异及原因 26."中西跨文化礼貌语差异探析 27."英汉语言中礼貌表达法之比较 28."英汉习惯用语的文化内涵探源 29."英语称赞语及其回应的异同研究 3 0."中美(西)家庭教育理念的差异及其对孩子的影响 31."中国英语学习者跨文化交际中的主要障碍研究 32."试析跨文化交际中角色互动的作用 3 3."本土文化与异国文化的冲突对跨文化交际的影响 34."跨文化交际中的时间观差异 35."论跨文化交际中的中西餐桌礼仪

6."关于提升英语专业学生跨文化交际能力的培养 37."涉外婚姻中的中西文化冲突 38."论跨文化广告传播中食品商标的翻译439."多媒体教学与跨文化交际能力的培养40."中西方儿童文学的差异 4 1."中西体育文化的差异及其受全球化发展的影响 42."中西传统休闲文化及其价值观的对比分析 43."简爱与林黛玉不同命运的文化透析 44."国际商务活动中礼貌原则的应用 4 5."论文化背景知识在外语阅读教学中的作用 46."国际商务交际活动中的非语言交际 47."浅析英汉汽车商标的特点及其翻译 48."英汉隐喻差异的文化阐释 49."文化语境下的英汉植物词 50."文化语境下的英汉动物词 51."从体态语探析中西文化差异 52."浅析英汉颜色词的文化内涵 53."文化视野下英语谚语的比较

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询问对方的年龄,婚姻状况,儿女,职业,甚至收入,在中国人的眼里这是一种礼貌,但在西方人眼里则认为这些问题侵犯了他们的隐私。 2.时间观方面的冲突 西方人的时间观和金钱观是联系在一起的,时间就是金钱的观念根深蒂固,所以它们非常珍惜时间,在生活中往往对时间都做了精心的安排和计划,并养成了按时赴约的好习惯。在西方,要拜访某人,必须事先通知或约定,并说明拜访的目的、时间和地点,经商定后方可进行。而中国人则属于多向时间习惯的国家,在时间的使用上具有很大的随意性,一般不会像西方人那样严格的按照计划进行,西方人对此往往感到不适应。 3.客套语方面的冲突 中国人注重谦虚,在与人交际时,讲求“卑己尊人”,把这看作一种美德,这是一种富有中国文化特色的礼貌现象。在别人赞扬我们时,我们往往会自贬一番,以表谦虚有礼。西方国家却没有这样的文化习惯,当他们受到赞扬时,总会很高兴地说一声“Thank you”表示接受。由于中西文化差异,我们认为西方人过于自信,毫不谦虚;而当西方人听到中国人这样否定别人对自己的赞扬或者听到他们自己否定自己的成就,甚至把自己贬得一文不值时,会感到非常惊讶,认为中国人不诚实。 4.餐饮习俗方面的冲突 中华民族素有热情好客的优良传统。在交际场合和酒席上,热情的

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跨文化交际论文

跨文化交际论文 学院:水产与生命学院专业:水产养殖专业10-4 姓名:黄运佳 学号:1001110411

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Unit1 Sportsmanship: It is the ability to practise a sport according to its rules, while also showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat. 2. Traditionally, an Englishman is thought to be reserved, unemotional, courteous, shy of strangers, suspicious of change, and slow to accept new ideas. 3.It is the ability to practise a sport according to its rules, while also showing generosity to one’s oppo nent and good temper in defeat. Moreover, sportsmanship as an idea is applied to life in general. The pioneering spirit: Except for the brought from Africa, immigrants came to America voluntarily, early in search of greater prosperity and freedom. Rags-to-riches: It is story about a poor boy who, because he was hardworking, honest, and lucky, grew up to become rich and respected. American dream: The belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve weather and fame through diligence and virtue.

跨文化交际论文

摘要:谚语是一个民族吸取自己优秀文化的成果,其言简意赅、内涵丰富并在民间广泛使用。本文通过对英汉谚语文化差异的分析,力求加深对英汉谚语的理解,提高对英汉谚语的运用和翻译能力。 关键词:谚语文化差异翻译 1. 引言 谚语(proverb or saying)是人民群众在生产生活中提炼出来的智慧结晶,是一个民族的语言和文化的重要组成部分。《辞海》(2000年版,491页)是这样定义的:谚语是?流传于民间的简练通俗而富于意义的语句?。《朗文当代高级辞典》给谚语下的定义是:?a short well-known supposedly wise saying in simple language?。谚语和一个民族的历史背景、生活习惯、地理环境、民族心理、意识形态等是密切相连的。 2. 英汉谚语的文化差异基于不同的文化背景而形成的谚语有着较大的差别,以下将从审美角度、自然环境、宗教信仰、思想观念等几个方面对英汉谚语的差异进行分析。 2.1 审美差异在诸多英汉谚语差异中,最为典型的要属对待动物的态度了,其中,龙的例子最为人所熟知,在中国,龙代表帝王,象征吉利的动物,有不可思议的力量。因此有谚语?龙眼识珠,凤眼识宅?、?龙投大海,虎奔高山?。而英美却认为?dragon?是邪恶的象征,如sow dragon’s teeth等等。在汉语中习惯用老虎来形容勇敢、凶猛、威严,在西方,狮子常被尊为百兽之王。因此,我们在翻译含?lion?(狮子)的习语和谚语时不妨用?虎?取而代之则更符合中国人的认同感。如:come in like a lion and go out like a lam b 虎头蛇尾;like a key in a lion' s hide狐假虎威等。 2.2 自然差异中英两国所处的地域不同,自然环境、山川物产、气候差异与历史发展轨迹千差万别。英国乃岛国,英民族生活在四面临海的岛上,擅长航海,所以英语里有很多与?航海?有关的谚语:A smooth sea never makes a skillful mariner 平静的大海练不出好水手,To keep one’s head above water奋力图存;而汉民族生活在以农业经济为主的广袤大陆上,谚语很多和农业生产有关. 民以食为天;瑞雪兆丰年;四体不勤,五谷不分等。 2.3 宗教信仰差异宗教信仰是人们精神活动的一个方面,是民族文化的重要组成部分。基督教是英美国家的主要宗教信仰,而中国人受佛教和道家思想影响较大,由此产生了许多独具宗教特色的谚语,如佛教?不看僧面看佛面?、?放下屠刀,立地成佛?、?善有善报,恶有恶报?。再如道教?八仙过海各显神通?、?道高一尺,魔高一丈?、?福兮祸之所伏,祸兮福之所倚?、等等。而英国的典故主要来自《圣经》、古希腊神话等西方经典著作,如God helps those who help themselves.天助自助者。Whom God would ruin he first sends mad.上帝欲毁灭之,必先使其疯狂。 2.4 思想观念差异英民族强调众生平等,Human blood is all of a color. 人类血的颜色是一样的。 A cat may look at a king人人平等;而汉民族却有较强的等级观念,家族讲家法,讲辈分;社会讲宗法,将尊卑。谚语中有?父母在,不远游?、?千里烧香,不如在家敬爹娘?。西方道德中,比较注重子女自己独立的人格,这一点体现在如?Children are not to be blamed for the faults of their parents.?的谚语中。还有?All stratagems are fair in love?、?Love is without reason?等就体现了男女平等 ,自由恋爱。英民族有着开拓进取、永争第一的勇气,?Keep up with the Jones. ?赶上富邻居,争比阔绰。而深受儒家?中庸?之道影响的汉民族则怕出头,?枪打出头鸟、出头的椽子先烂?等。 3. 翻译策略 正如刘宓庆说的:?文化翻译的任务不是翻译文化,而是翻译容载或含蕴着文化信息的意义。意义始终是我们关注的中心:它既是我们的出发点,又是我们的落脚点。?[1](p83)本着抛砖引玉的想法,笔者试从以下几方面谈谈英汉谚语的翻译策略。

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