中考英语复习十:短语动词和句型的考点讲解和训练

中考英语复习十:短语动词和句型的考点讲解和训练
中考英语复习十:短语动词和句型的考点讲解和训练

【考点直击】

1.短语动词的辨析;

2.英语句子的基本句型结构;

3.初中阶段主要句型的用法。

【名师点睛】

短语动词是中考的重要内容之一。在初中阶段,我们已经学习了不少短语动词,把他们加以归纳总结,进行重点复习是十分必要的。英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,其用法有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。

1.短语动词的分类

(1)动词+介词

常见的有look for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如:

Don’t laugh at thers.

Tom asked his parents for a bike.

(2)动词+副词

常见的有give up,pick up,think over,find out,hand in,等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。如:

You’ll hand in your home work tomorrow.

Please don’t forget to hand it in.

(3)动词+副词+介词

常见的有go on with,catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:Go on andI ’ll catch up with you in five minutes.

After a short rest, he went on with his research work.

(4)动词+名词+介词

常见的有take careo f, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:

You should pay attention to your hand writing.

We should make full use of our time.

(5)动词+形容词

常见的有leave open,set free,cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边。如:

The prisoners were set free.

He cut it open.

(6)动词+名词

常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如:

This story took place three years ago.

I make friends with a lot of people.

2.短语动词的辨析

(1)be made in(在……生产或制造),be made of(由……组成或构成)

(2)come down(下来;落),come along(来;随同),come to oneself(苏醒),come true(实现),come out(花开;发芽;出现;出来),come over(过来;顺便来访),come in(进来),come on(来吧;跟着来;赶快),come up with(找到;提出)

(3)do one’s best(尽最大努力),do well in(在……干得好),do one’s homework(做作业),do some reading(阅读)

(4)fall asleep(入睡),fall behind(落在…..后面),fall off(从……掉下),fall down(到下;跌倒)

(5)get down(下来;落下),get on(上车),get to(到达),get up(起床),get back(回来;取回),get off(下来),get on well with(与……相处融洽),get married(结婚),get together(相聚)

(6)give up(放弃),give…a hand(给与……帮助),give a concert(开音乐会)

(7)go back(回去),go on(继续),go home(回家),go to bed(睡觉),go over(过一遍;仔细检查),go out(外出;到外面),go wrong(走错路),go on doing(继续做某事),go shopping(买东西),go boating(去划船),go fishing(去钓鱼),go hiking(去徒步旅行),go skating(去滑冰),go straight along(沿着……一直往前走)

(8)have a look(看一看),have a seat(坐下),have supper(吃晚餐),have a rest (休息),have sports(进行体育活动),have a cold(感冒),have a cough(咳嗽),have a good time(过得愉快),have a headache(头痛),have a try(尝试;努力)

(9)look for(寻找),look out(留神;注意),look over(仔细检查),look up(向上看;抬头看),look after(照顾;照看),look at(看;观看),look like(看起来像),look the same(看起来像),

(10)make friends(交朋友),make phone calls(打电话),make money(赚钱),make the bed(整理床铺),make a noise(吵闹),make a faces(做鬼脸),make one’s way to(往……走去),make room for(给……腾出地方),make a decision(做出决定),make a mistake(犯错误),make up one’s mind(下决心)

(11)put on(上演;穿上;戴上),pu tup(挂起;举起),put down(把某物放下来),put away(把某物收起来),put off(推迟)

(12)take off(脱掉衣服),take photos(照相),take time(花费时间),take out(取出),take a seat(坐下),take an active part in(积极参加),take care of(照顾;照料;注意),take exercise(做运动),take one’sp lace(坐某人的位置;代替某人的职务),take turn(轮流)

(13)talk about(谈话;交谈),talk with(和……交谈)

(14)turn on(打开电灯,收音机,煤气,自来水等),turn off(关上电灯,收音机,煤气,自来水等),turn down(关小;调低),turn…over(把…..翻过来)

(15)think of(认为;想起),think about(考虑)

3.句子的基本句型结构

根据句子所用动词的不同,句子可归纳为五个基本句型。

(1)主语+连系动词+表语。例如:

My mother is a doctor.

Her voice sounds nice.

(2)主语+不及物动词。例如:

He runs fast.

We study hard.

(3)主语+及物动词+宾语。例如:

Children of ten sing this song.

He studies nglish.

1)常用-ing形式,而不用不定式作宾语的动词有:enjoy, finish, feel like, consider, practise,keep, suggest, mind等。例如:

She enjoys reading novels and swimming.

2)常用不定式,而不用-ing形式作宾语的动词有:wish, hope,agree, plan, decide, refuse等。例如:

Where do you wish to sit?

Tom agreed to lend me some money.

3)有些及物动词既可用不定式,由可用-ing形式作宾语,但意义不同。这类动词常见的有:remember,forget等。例如:

Please remember to post the letter for me.

请记住替我发了这封信。

I remember posting the letter.

我记得那封信寄过了。

Stop的用法同上面的词相仿,不过stop后面跟不定式不是作宾语,而是作状语。试比较下列句子:

He stopped to smoke.他停下来吸烟。

He stopped smoking.他停止吸烟了。

4)有些及物动词的宾语,既可用不定式,又可用-ing形式,意义基本相同。这类动词常见的有:like,love,hate,begin,start,continue等。例如:

I like to swim insummer.

Ilikeswimminginsummer.

(4)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。例如:

My father bought me a new bike.

He gave me an apple.

1)及物动词之后跟有双宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物。指人的为间接宾语,

指物的为直接宾语。一般情况下,间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。如果要

把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,间接宾语前需加介词。例如:

Please pass me a cup of tea.=Please pass a cup of tea to me.

Show me your newbook, please.=Please show your newbook to me.

2)把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,间接宾前有时加介词to,有时加介词for,这主要取决于谓语动词。一般在动词give,tell,sell,lend,show之后加to。在动词buy,make,get等之后加for。例如:

Would you lend me your dictionary, please?=Would you you're your dictionary to me, please?

Tom’smother bought him a pair of new shoes.=Tom’smother bought a pair of news hoes for him.

(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。例如:

We keep our classroom clean and tidy.

I hear someone singing in the next room.

1)及物动词指后跟有复合宾语,一个是宾语,一个是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。例如:

We call him Jack.

Don’t get your hands dirty.

2)在及物动词之后,用不定式作宾语补足语和用-ing形式作宾语补足语表示

的意思往往不同。用不定式作宾语补足语指事情的全过程;用-ing形式作

宾语补足语指正在进行的动作的一部分。例如:

I heard him sing that song.(我听他唱过那首歌。)

When I came back, I heard him singing in the room.

(我回来时,听见他正在房间里唱歌。)

3)在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, listento, look at使役动词let, make, have 等的复合宾语种,不定式须省去to。但变为被动句时,省去的to要加上。例如:

I saw him going to the room.

He was seen to going to the room.

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look after照顾,照看 look at看;观看 look for寻找 look like看起来像 pay for (sth.)付钱;支付 point at指示;指向 point to指向...... prefer to ...宁愿(选择);更喜欢 quarrel with (和某人)吵架 regard ... as ...把......当作......;当作 stop ... from阻止......做...... talk about说话;谈话;谈论

talk with与......交谈 think about考虑 think of认为;想起 B)动词+ 副词 ask for请求;询问 carry on坚持下去;继续下去 cut down砍倒 clean up清除;收拾干净 come down下来;落 come along来;随同 come in进来 come on来吧;跟着来;赶快

come out出来;出现;(花)开;发(芽) come over过来;顺便来访 drop off放下(某物);下车 eat up吃光;吃完 fall behind落在......后面;输给别人 fall down跌倒;从......落下 find out查出(真相) get back回来;取回 get down下来;落下;把......取下来 get off下来;从......下来 get on上(车) get up起床

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