沃尔玛最新消防安全准则

W almar t Stand ar ds for Supp lier s

沃尔玛供应商准则

Section 7. Health and Safety

第7部分健康和安全

Suppliers must provide workers with a safe and healthy work environment. Suppliers must take proactive measures to prevent or manage workplace hazards.

供应商应给员工提供安全、健康的工作环境，供应商必须采取预防性措施预防和控制工作场所的危害。

The work environment must be safe, clean, and orderly to ensure there are no unreasonable or uncontrolled risks to the health and safety of all workers. Suppliers must implement procedures and safeguards to prevent accidents and injuries to workers; procedures and safeguards include, but are not limited to, inspection of buildings (this should include inspection of emergency lighting and alarm systems), machinery, and fire equipment. Standardized health and safety training shall be provided for all new or reassigned workers and management, and the provision of this training shall be documented. The responsibility for ensuring health and safety in the workplace should be assigned to a facility management representative. Adequate and appropriate personal protective equipment and clothing must be provided to all workers, particularly those handling hazardous materials, based on the risk assessment evaluation.

工作环境必须安全、清洁和有序以保证员工的健康和安全。供应商必须执行安全措施预防员工遭受伤害；安全文件和安全措施包括但不限于：建筑物的检查（包括应急灯和报警系统）、机器设备和消防设备。培训新进员工、安全责任人和管理人员健康和安全知识并保存培训记录。工厂应有安全和健康管理代表。在岗位风险评估的基础上，相关工序的员工应配有劳保用品，特别是和危险物品有关的工序。

Suppliers shall comply with these provisions in accordance with their specific industry conditions and related hazards.

供应商应遵守上述准则并符合其行业及相关有害物质要求。

Specifically: 特别是：

A. Fire Safety

A. 消防安全

Fire safety standards apply to all facilities, including but not limited to factories, dormitories, and canteens.

消防安全准则适用于所有的工厂，包括但不限于厂房、宿舍和饭堂。

1. Permits and Building Design

许可证和建筑设计

a. Facilities maintain valid fire licenses or permits as mandated by law.

If required by law, such license or permit must be displayed in a

visible location.

工厂应有法律法规强制要求的有效的消防验收许可证或报告，如法律法规有

要求，消防许可证或报告必须张贴在显眼的地方。

b. Facilities obtain valid construction approvals as mandated by law. If

the local law does not provide for such approvals, a certification by a

third party civil or structural engineer that the facility is structurally

sound must be obtained.

工厂应有法律法规强制要求的建筑竣工验收报告，如果当地法规不需提供这样的文件，可提供第三方建筑工程机构出具的建筑结构评估报告。

c. As mandated by law, facilities must obtain and maintain valid zoning

permits as well as permits for intended use.

按照法律法规要求，工厂应保留有效的分区许可证以备用。

2. All facilities, regardless of the number of workers, are required to comply

with local law and regulations and any applicable standards.

所有工厂，不管人员多少，必须遵守当地法律法规及相关适用标准。

3. Facilities with fewer than 10 workers are encouraged to consider the

controls outlined in the following standards that apply to the scope of your operation to help ensure a safe facility.

鼓励小于10人的工厂采取下面的准则以保证工厂的安全。

4. Facilities with 10 or more workers are required to comply with the following

Standards. When there is a difference between these Standards and other applicable standards, laws and regulations, Walmart’s expectation is that the supplier adheres to the most stringent requirement.

要求等于或大于10人的工厂遵守下面准则。当下面的准则和法律法规、其他适用标准不同时，WM希望供应商遵守最严的要求。

a. Emergency Egress 紧急出口

1) Aisles, exits and stairwells are kept clear and unblocked at all times.

通道、出口和楼梯间始终保持畅通无阻。

2) Facilities establish an adequate evacuation plan. This should

include an evacuation route map that is maintained/updated,

posted in local language, and includes a “you are here” mark.

Sufficient evacuation maps are posted in the working stations and

main aisles inside the facility so that the workers can easily and

quickly determine a way out of the facility.

工厂建立适用的紧急疏散计划。计划里面应包括疏散路线图且该图须是最

新版本、张贴在工厂相关位置及“你在这儿”的标示。足够的疏散图张贴在工

作现场和主要的通道，以便员工在紧急情况下使用。

3) Facility emergency exits for rooms larger than 750 square feet or

o ccu pan cy o f more than 10 people are properly marked with

illuminated signs (e.g., light yellow or glow in the dark lighting, as

permitted by law) in the local language.

大于750平方英尺（约70平方米）或超过10人的车间，紧急出口应配有

当地语言的照明标示。

4) Facilities have marked and lighted emergency exit routes for all

occupied floors and areas of the building, including stairwells.

Emergency lights for such exit routes must be fire grade ‘commercial

emergency lights’ for use in smoke and fire environments, and

facilities must have a secondary power source connected to these in

the event of electricity power failure.

工厂建筑物的所有区域包括楼梯间须使用带电的紧急出口标示和逃生标示。

安全出口须配备适用于烟火环境的应急灯，应急灯须有第二电源以便停电时

备用。

5) Facilities, including dormitories and canteens, shall have the

minimum number of emergency exits per occupied floor or any

portion thereof as calculated based on the following occupancy rates.

Only facilities with areas smaller than 750 square feet and

occupancy of less than 10 persons are permitted to have one

emergency exit. External fire escape routes are also preferred. For

this requirement, only the exceptions allowed under the National

Fire Protection Association 101 Safety Code (NFPA 101) will be

considered.

工厂包括宿舍和饭堂的安全出口应按照下列要求配备。面积小于750平方

英尺或人数少于10人的工作或其他场所至少有一个安全出口。工作或其他

场所须有外部逃生路线。除非有特殊情况，否则应考虑下列要求

6) Emergency exits with independent pathways must be remotely

located at a reasonable distance from each other. The emergency

exits shall not b e lo c a te d on the same wall. Preferably emergency

exits are located on opposite ends of the building.

有独立通道的安全出口间的间距必须合理。同一面墙不能开两个或两个以

上安全出口。优先考虑将安全出口开在建筑物相反的首尾两端。

7) Travel distance to an exit from any point in the building shall comply

with the following maximum distances, as measured along the path of

travel. Where these limitations cannot be met, additional exits and/or

rearrangement of egress configuration should be considered.

建筑物内任何一点到安全出口的距离须符合下列要求，否则须增加安全出

* For Industrial / Factory occupancies rated General Industrial Occupancy. For special purpose or high hazard refer to NFPA 101, tables 40.2.5 and 40.2.6.

如有特殊要求的厂房请参考NFPA101.40.2.5和40.2.6条款。

** For storage occupancies rated Ordinary hazard. For high hazard refer to NFPA 101, tables 42.2.5 and 42.2.6.

如有特殊要求的仓库请参考NFPA101.42.2.5和42.2.6条款。

8) Facilities have evacuation routes without any obstructions that lead

to safe assembly points located outside the facility at a safe distance

away. Assembly points must be designated and kept clear at all

times.

工厂的疏散路线应是畅通无阻的，能顺利到达安全的紧急集合点。紧急集合

点必须有标示及保持是畅通的。

9) Doors to emergency exit stairwells and fire escapes have an

automatic closure system that can be released manually from the

inside to prevent smoke from filling stairwells. Magnetically activated

fire doors are permitted to remain open as long as they

automatically close when the fire alarm system is activated.

安全出口门应有自动关闭装置且能从里面手动关闭以防烟进入楼梯间。有磁

力的活动的消防门可以保持打开，但在消防报警系统启动时，门须能自动关

闭。

10) Multi-story facilities are required to have sufficient vertical escape

routes. These must be one-hour fire-rated enclosed staircases (e.g.,

fully enclosed without openings, made of material such as concrete

or two layers of fire rated sheetrock, and with one-hour rated self-

closing fire doors) if they service more than one floor, or external fire

escape routes.

多层厂房须有充足的纵向逃生路线。如果工厂厂房超过一层或楼梯间作为

外部消防逃生路线，必须有耐火一小时的封闭楼梯间（如，没有窗户的封闭

楼梯间，楼梯间使用的材料是混凝土或两层的石膏水泥板，通向楼梯间的门

是耐火一小时、能自动关闭的消防门）。

b. Fire Equipment消防设备

1) Facilities have functional, accessible, and properly maintained fire

extinguishing equipment that is adequate for the hazard level of

operation, and which at a minimum must include fire extinguishers.

Fire extinguishing equipment is inspected at least on a monthly

basis and these inspections must be documented.

工厂须配备符合自身要求的灭火设备（能正常使用、易于获得和定期检查），

工厂至少配备灭火器（灭火器种类的选择应根据工厂的实际情况而定）。消

防灭火设备每月至少检查一次并保留检查记录。

2) All emergency exit doors (i.e., any door that has an exit sign placed

above it) are maintained in an unlocked, unblocked, and usable

condition. Emergency exit doors must open readily from the

occupied side and swing in the direction of egress travel and must

require push bar or single motion operation (i.e. lever knob), minimal

effort or force (for interior doors no mor e than 5 lbf (22 N), for

exterior doors no more than 50 lbf (222 N)), and not be equipped

with hardware that requires special keys or knowledge to open.

所有的消防门（所有消防门上方应有安全出口标示）应处于未上锁、无阻

碍和可使用的状态。消防门易于往外开且门上有推杆或其他启动装置如把手，

门向外推的力应大于51lbf (22N),从外往里拉门的力应小于或等于50lbf

(222N),不须配备需要特殊扳手或技巧打开的装置。

3) Generally windows shall not be considered an emergency exit, and

in jurisdictions where the law permits windows to be used as a

means of egress, these will only be considered as a means of

egress above and beyond what is required under these standards.

For facilities that are permitted by law and wish to have additional

means of egress beyond the required number of emergency exits, barred windows should have an internal emergency release

mechanism and be easily identifiable and marked on evacuation

route maps to facilitate alternative and effective means for fire

rescue of all workers on each floor.

通常窗户不考虑作为逃生出口，如果法律法规允许，仅考虑把窗户作为疏方式之一且比本准则要求更严。如果当地法律法规要求增加额外的逃生手段除安全出口外，装有铁条的窗户上应该有内部逃生解锁装置并在疏散图上识别出来，以便员工在紧急状况下使用.

4) Facilities provide access for fire department vehicles and other fire-

fighting equipment in the facility premises. This includes, but is not limited to, ensuring that fire department vehicles are able to reach the facility by road or a cleared path and firefighters have easy

access to water sources, the fire sprinkler system, and gas cutoffs.

工厂应有容消防车及其他消防设备通过的消防通道，包括但不限于保证消防车能进入工厂事发地点或保证消防通道畅通和消防员易于找到水源、喷淋系统、气体切断装置等。

5) Facilities have effective fire alarm systems that provide audible and

visual occupant notification to initiate evacuation in the event of an emergency and operate as one system throughout all areas and

floors of the building. Notification methods include, but are not

limited to, alarms and flashing lights. High noise areas (90 dB or

higher) should also include an alarm that has a beacon/flashing light.

Facilities must have a secondary power supply connected to the fire alarm system in case of electrical power failure.

工厂应配置有效的警铃报警系统且在整栋建筑物的所有地方都能听到。紧急事件的通知办法包括但不限于警铃和闪光灯等。分贝大于90dB的区域应配置有闪光灯的警铃。警铃报警系统应有备用电源以便停电时使用。

6) Country Specific—Sprinklers and Fire Hydrants

政府特别要求-喷淋系统和消防栓

i. Bangladesh and Pakistan: Facilities are required to have a

sprinkler or fire hydrant system.

孟加拉国和巴基斯坦：工厂要求有喷淋系统或消防栓。

ii. All others countries: Facilities follow legal requirements regarding sprinkler and fire hydrant systems.

其他国家：工厂应遵循当地法律法规关于喷淋系统和消防栓的要求。

7) Sprinkler or fire hydrant systems are inspected quarterly by internal

staff and annually by an independent fire inspection company.

Records of inspections must be maintained for audit.

喷淋系统或消防栓每季度由内部人员检查一次，每年由外部机构检查一次。应保存检查记录。

8) Suppliers must ensure that adequate water supply is available for

sprinkler and fire hydrant systems so that enough is readily

accessible in the event of a fire emergency. If a water storage tank or cistern is on the property, it should be verified that it is of correct capacity (volume) as required by law and that it is full.

工厂应保证喷淋系统和消防栓有水供紧急状况下使用。如果储水罐或储水箱是工厂的，应保证容量符合法律法规的要求且是满的。

9) Fire extinguishing equipment must be kept clear and unblocked at

all times.

消防设备应总是保持清洁和消防设备旁边应畅通无阻易于获得。

C. Fire Safety Training 消防安全培训

1) Country and Equipment Specific—Evacuation Drills

国家和设备特别要求-消防疏散演习

i. Facilities in Pakistan and Bangladesh must conduct

evacuation drills a minimum of once every 3 months, and

have these drills supervised

by an independent third party such as the fire department.

巴基斯坦和孟加拉国的工厂至少每3个月进行一次消防疏散演习且演

习是在消防部门的监督下进行。

Evacuation drills can be completed in conjunction with annual

emergency response training.

消防疏散演习可以和应急响应培训一起完成。

ii. Facilities in other countries, which have sprinkler or hydrant systems, must conduct evacuation drills a minimum of once

every year. Evacuation drills can be completed in

conjunction with annual emergency response training. No

external oversight is required for these evacuation drills.

其他国家有喷淋系统或消防栓，应至少一年进行一次消防疏散演习。

消防疏散演习可以和应急响应培训一起完成且不用外部消防部门监

督。

iii. Facilities in other countries, which do not have sprinkler or

h y dran t systems, must conduct evacuation drills a

minimum of once every 3 months. Evacuation drills can be

completed in conjunction with annual emergency response

training. No external oversight is required for these

evacuation drills.

其他国家没有喷淋系统或消防栓，必须至少每3个月进行一次消防

疏散演习，消防疏散演习可以和应急响应培训一起完成且不用外部消

防部门监督。

2) All facilities should maintain documentation of the evacuation drills

which should include at minimum the date, number of participants

(and their names if possible), and time it took to evacuate in order to confirm timely and effective personnel evacuation.

工厂应保留消防疏散演习记录，记录至少包括时间、参加人员（及他们的名字，如有可能）及时间。

3) Buildings which have multiple facilities or enterprises must ensure the

combination of proper training and joint emergency drills enable

employees to know and understand the drill procedures so they

consider it routine.

厂房里有多家工厂的话，应保证联合的消防疏散演习和培训使员工懂得和理解演习的程序。

4) Facilities provide and document training in the facility’s emergency

action plan for all personnel every 6 months or more frequently if

required by legal regulations. This training should include, but is

not limited to, fire prevention, proper evacuation procedures and

proper response in the event of a fire. Additionally, suppliers

should ensure the personnel on-boarding process includes

emergency action plan training upon hiring.

工厂应每6个月或更频繁进行紧急行动计划的培训并保留记录。培训包括但

不限于火灾预防，正确的疏散流程和发生火灾时的正确回应。另外，新员工在入职时应进行紧急行动计划培训。

5) Facilities must have emergency response personnel (identified,

trained, and present) for each floor, building and shift who will be in charge of evacuating the building in the event of a fire emergency.

At a minimum, the emergency response personnel should be

trained to notify workers of a fire or emergency, report fires and

other emergencies to the fire department or designated emergency response organization, assist in the evacuation of workers, and

verify that all workers have exited the building. Additionally, the

emergency response personnel should be easily identifiable by all

workers in the event of an emergency (e.g. specific arm band, flag or uniform) and there should be two per shift. This requirement may be fulfilled by fire brigades where they are required by law and meet these standards.

每层楼和每个班次应配备紧急响应责任人（要求：识别的、经过培训的和在场）负责在火灾放生是疏散人员。至少，紧急响应责任人应具体通知员工火灾的发生或其他紧急状况、报告火灾或其他紧急状况给消防部门或指定的紧急响应小组、帮助员工疏散和确认所有员工都已疏散出去的能力。另外，紧急响应责任人应易于被所有员工在紧急状况下识别（如特别的袖章、旗子或制服等），每个班次应该有两个。如果法律法规允许，这个要求应由紧急响

应小组执行并符合标准。

d. Fire Safety Procedures 消防安全规程

1) Hazardous liquids, flammable chemicals and combustible materials

are kept away from ignition or heat sources (e.g., spark producing

equipment such as grinder, hot water heater, and equipment with

gas pilots) and are not stored on the roof of the facility. All such

hazardous, flammable, or combustible materials should be stored

in approved containers in a designated storage area and/or a

flammable liquids storage cabinet. Anti-static containers and fire

extinguishers should be readily available in areas where such

materials are stored. All liquids or materials maintained outside the

designated area should be limited in the amount necessary for one

shift or eight hours maximum. Only staff that has been trained in

proper handling and is authorized is permitted to handle these

materials.

危险液体、易燃化学品和易燃物应远离火源和热源（火花生产设备如研磨

机、热水加热器和配有气体引燃装置的设备等）不能储存在工厂的楼顶。所

有易燃、易爆的材料应储存在经过认证的容器内并放放置在指定的储存区域

或储存柜里，这些区域应防静电并配有灭火器。从储存区域取出的液体或物

料的数量供一个班次使用或最多8个小时的使用量，不可多取。经过培训的

员工方可处理这些易燃、易爆物料。

2) Facilities should have a documented electrical maintenance

program. The maintenance program should include at a minimum

the routine inspection of the electrical system of the building for

damaged wiring, separated conduits, improper installations, and

overloaded / damaged circuits. The facilities should ensure that

extension cords are not being utilized for permanent application and

that multiple outlet adapters or “surge protector strips” are not being

connected to each other. It is also recommended that facilities

implement an annual infrared scan program for all of their electrical

equipment (including panel boards, wiring and equipment) to

identify and mitigate any potential ignition sources.

工厂应有文件化的电路维护程序，该程序至少包括建筑物日常线路检查

（电线是否损坏、管线是否分开、安装是否正确、是否超载和电路损坏等）。

工厂应保证延长线只是临时使用，多管适配器或浪涌电压保护器没连在一起。

推荐工厂对所有设备进行年度红外线扫描（包括配电板、电线和设备）以识

别和缓解潜在的易燃点。

3) Facilities must have a fire safety committee, or assign this

responsibility to an existing committee. Such a committee must be

made up of employees, management, and representatives from

high hazard areas to discuss and address any concerns and

improve practices on fire safety in the facility including dormitories

and canteens, and all fire safety committee meetings must be

documented.

工厂必须有消防安全委员会或将这个责任分配给现存的委员会。委员会由员工、管理层和高危区域的代表组成，改善工厂包括宿舍和食堂消防安全方面的问题并保存记录。

4) Uncontrolled smoking is forbidden inside any facility. Smoking is

only permitted in specially designated smoking areas equipped

with proper fire protection and ventilation.

工厂禁止非受控的吸烟。吸烟仅可在指定的吸烟区进行，吸烟区需配备消防保护措施和通风设施.

5) Crèche/childcare facilities are located on the ground floor or in a

separate non-industrial facility.

托儿所设在楼层的一楼或在已单独的非厂房的地方。

6) Facilities and buildings are inspected on a routine basis but not less

than once a month by trained personnel to ensure that all of the

above fire safety standards are met at all times. If any of the above fire safety standards are not met, facilities and buildings are to be inspected on a daily basis until the facility meets all the outlined

standards. Records of these inspections must be maintained for

audit purposes.

培训合格的消防人员至少每月对工厂进行检查以保证上述消防安全标准得到落实。如果有不符合标准的地方，必须进行每日检查直到符合要求为止。必须保持检查记录。