实验17 路由器接口PPP 协议封装和PAP、CHAP 验证配置(改写).pdf
实验19路由器接口PPP协议封装和PAP、CHAP验证配置
【背景知识】
教材1.7.4及4.4.4-4.4.5内容。掌握PPP协议的封装结构及PAP、CHAP的认证原理和认
证过程,掌握PAP和CHAP认证的区别。
PAP CHAP
认证时由用户发起认证时由服务器发起
用户名、密码明文传送用 MD5 算法加密传送
次数无限,直至认证成功或线路关闭为止次数有限(一般为 3 次)
认证通过后不再进行验证认证通过后定时再验证
安全性低安全性很高
【实验拓扑】
图8-23给出了实验线路连接,实验时使用Cisco Packet Tracer5.2完成拓扑结构搭建。
注意连接线路时,不要使用Packet Tracer中的自动选择线缆类型方式进行连接,而要自己
选择合适的线缆进行连接,否则拓扑连接容易出错。
图8-23实验19线路连接图
【实验内容】
(1) 选择两台C2811 路由器,分别关闭电源后添加WIC-2T 模块,添加位置为插槽0/接口适
配器0(提示:在4个插槽中右下角的位置)。开启电源之后使用Serial 电缆将两台路由器
的Serial0/0/0 接口进行连接,连接时使得C2811B 为DCE 端、C2811A 为DTE 端,即选择
带时钟标记的串行线先连C2811B,然后再连C2811A。
电源开关,
用鼠标点击
图8.22 WIC-2T 模块安装位置可开关
【提示1】图8.22所示界面,可以单击某台路由器的图标,然后在弹出的框中选择“Physical”
选项卡,接着在左侧一栏中选择WIC-2T,最后按住鼠标左键不变拖动到对应的适配器即可。
【提示2】在选择线缆时,用串行线旁边带时钟符号的线先连接C2811B,那么C2811B即为DCE
端,线另外一头所连接的路由器C2811A就是DTE;反之,亦成立。
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(2) 参阅教材4.4.4 中内容,配置C2811A 的Serial0/0/0 接口的IP 地址192.168.1.1/24 和二层封装协议为PPP。配置C2811B 的Serial0/0/0 接口的IP 地址192.168.1.2/24和
二层封装协议为PPP。
以下为C2811A的配置,配置如下:
Router>enable
Router#config t
Router(config)#hostname LuoC2811A//简写 ho LuoC2811A
LuoC2811A(config)#interface serial 0/0/0 //简写 int s0/0/0
LuoC2811A(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 //简写ip addr
LuoC2811A(config-if)#encapsulation ppp//简写enc pp
LuoC2811A(config-if)#no shutdown//简写no shut
【提示】C2811B的配置与C2811A的配置类似,此处省略。
(3) 完成以上配置之后,分别在两台路由器上使用show interface Serial 0/0/0 查看接口信息,注意接口状态(指up还是down)、接口封装协议。在路由器上相互ping 对方IP地址,看能否ping通,并解释其原因。
LuoC2811A#show interface serial 0/0/0//查看接口状态信息
Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
Hardware is HD64570
Internet address is 192.168.1.1/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
LCP Open
Open: IPCP, CDPCP
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops:
0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
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0 carrier transitions
DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up
LuoC2811A#ping 192.168.1.2//ping 对方的IP地址
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/2 ms
【提示1】注意红色框中信息,两个up的代表的含义和封装信
息。【提示2】此处显示为ping通。【提示3】C2811B的配置
与C2811A的配置类似,此处省略。
【提示4】理论上,如果还没有配置时钟频率,此时两台路由器的s0/0/0端口是不能相互ping 通的。现在不配置时钟频率也能相互ping通,是由于模拟器缺省情况下就给串行端口配置了时钟频率。大家日后在配置实际的路由器时,要注意此一点。
(4) 为查看接口是DCE还是DTE类型,用show controllers serial 0/0/0命令。根据查看到的接口类型,在DCE接口上配置时钟频率。如若物理连线正确的,C2811B 上的串行口0/0/0
属于DCE,应该配置接口时钟频率。
LuoC2811B#show controllers serial 0/0/0 //查看是DCE还是DTE接口
Interface Serial0/0/0
Hardware is PowerQUICC MPC860
DCE V.35, clock rate 2000000
idb at 0x81081AC4, driver data structure at 0x81084AC0
SCC Registers:
General [GSMR]=0x2:0x00000000, Protocol-specific [PSMR]=0x8 Events [SCCE]=0x0000, Mask [SCCM]=0x0000, Status [SCCS]=0x00 Transmit on Demand [TODR]=0x0, Data Sync [DSR]=0x7E7E Interrupt Registers:
Config [CICR]=0x00367F80, Pending [CIPR]=0x0000C000
Mask [CIMR]=0x00200000, In-srv [CISR]=0x00000000 Command register [CR]=0x580
Port A [PADIR]=0x1030, [PAPAR]=0xFFFF
[PAODR]=0x0010, [PADAT]=0xCBFF
Port B [PBDIR]=0x09C0F, [PBPAR]=0x0800E
[PBODR]=0x00000, [PBDAT]=0x3FFFD
Port C [PCDIR]=0x00C, [PCPAR]=0x200
[PCSO]=0xC20, [PCDAT]=0xDF2, [PCINT]=0x00F
Receive Ring
rmd(68012830): status 9000 length 60C address 3B6DAC4
rmd(68012838): status B000 length 60C address 3B6D444 Transmit Ring
3
tmd(680128B0): status 0 length 0 address 0
tmd(680128B8): status 0 length 0 address 0
tmd(680128C0): status 0 length 0 address 0
tmd(680128C8): status 0 length 0 address 0
tmd(680128D0): status 0 length 0 address 0
tmd(680128D8): status 0 length 0 address 0
tmd(680128E0): status 0 length 0 address 0
tmd(680128E8): status 0 length 0 address 0
tmd(680128F0): status 0 length 0 address 0
tmd(680128F8): status 0 length 0 address 0
tmd(68012900): status 0 length 0 address 0
tmd(68012908): status 0 length 0 address 0
tmd(68012910): status 0 length 0 address 0
tmd(68012918): status 0 length 0 address 0
tmd(68012920): status 0 length 0 address 0
tmd(68012928): status 2000 length 0 address 0 tx_limited=1(2)
SCC GENERAL PARAMETER RAM (at 0x68013C00)
Rx BD Base [RBASE]=0x2830, Fn Code [RFCR]=0x18
Tx BD Base [TBASE]=0x28B0, Fn Code [TFCR]=0x18
Max Rx Buff Len [MRBLR]=1548
Rx State [RSTATE]=0x0, BD Ptr [RBPTR]=0x2830
Tx State [TSTATE]=0x4000, BD Ptr [TBPTR]=0x28B0
SCC HDLC PARAMETER RAM (at 0x68013C38)
LuoC2811A#show controllers serial 0/0/0 //查看是DCE还是DTE接口
Interface Serial0/0/0
Hardware is PowerQUICC MPC860
DTE V.35 TX and RX clocks detected
idb at 0x81081AC4, driver data structure at 0x81084AC0
SCC Registers:
General [GSMR]=0x2:0x00000000, Protocol-specific [PSMR]=0x8 Events [SCCE]=0x0000, Mask [SCCM]=0x0000, Status [SCCS]=0x00 Transmit on Demand [TODR]=0x0, Data Sync [DSR]=0x7E7E Interrupt Registers:
Config [CICR]=0x00367F80, Pending [CIPR]=0x0000C000
Mask [CIMR]=0x00200000, In-srv [CISR]=0x00000000 Command register [CR]=0x580
Port A [PADIR]=0x1030, [PAPAR]=0xFFFF
[PAODR]=0x0010, [PADAT]=0xCBFF
Port B [PBDIR]=0x09C0F, [PBPAR]=0x0800E
[PBODR]=0x00000, [PBDAT]=0x3FFFD
Port C [PCDIR]=0x00C, [PCPAR]=0x200
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[PCSO]=0xC20, [PCDAT]=0xDF2, [PCINT]=0x00F
Receive Ring
rmd(68012830): status 9000 length 60C address 3B6DAC4
rmd(68012838): status B000 length 60C address 3B6D444
Transmit Ring
tmd(680128B0): status 0 length 0 address 0
tmd(680128B8): status 0 length 0 address 0
【提示】路由器C2811B红色框中显示为DCE类型,因此要在路由器C2811B上设置时钟频率。
//在路由器C2811B设置时钟频率
LuoC2811B(config)#interface serial 0/0/0
LuoC2811B(config-if)#clock rate 64000
(5)配置完时钟频率后,在路由器上相互ping对方IP地址,看能否ping通。再用show interface Serial 0/0/0 查看接口状态。
(6)参阅教材4.4.4 中内容,分别在C2811A 和C2811B 上配置PPP 协议的PAP 验证,可先进行单向验证(即只有一端配置ppp authentication pap,另外一端配置ppp pap sent-username RouterB_pap password passwordb),然后再进行双向验证。完成验证配置后,两台路由器相
互ping 通。
LuoC2811A#config t
LuoC2811A(config)#username RouterB_pap password passwordb
LuoC2811A(config)#interface serial 0/0/0//简写如前
LuoC2811A(config-if)#ppp authentication pap //简写pp au pa
LuoC2811A(config-if)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to down %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0, changed
state to down LuoC2811A(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username RouterA_pap password passworda LuoC2811A(config-if)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up
LuoC2811B#conf t
LuoC2811B(config)#interface serial 0/0/0
LuoC2811B(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username RouterB_pap password
passwordb LuoC2811B(config-if)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up LuoC2811B(config-if)#ppp authentication pap
LuoC2811B(config-if)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to down LuoC2811B(config-if)#ex
LuoC2811B(config)#username RouterA_pap password passworda LuoC2811B(config)#ppp authentication pap
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