职称英语电子版教材

目录

1. President Hu Urges Efforts to Ensure Global Energy Security.（胡锦涛主席敦促国际社会协同努力保障全球能源安全.）

2. How to Learn with Success.（如何学有成效.）...

3. W e Need Friends .（我们需要朋友.）...

4. Hard W ork Is Good for Health.（努力工作有利于健康.）...

5. Sports and Games.（体育运动.）...

6. How Americans View Love.（美国人的爱情观.）...

7. Our Family Creed.（家族的信条.）...

8. America's Luckiest Stamp Find.（美国最幸运的邮票的发现.）...

9. That "Other W oman" in My Life. （我生命中的“另一个女人”）.

10.The First Jet.（第一架喷气机）...

11.A Handful of History.（扑克—手中的历史.）...

12. An Epoch-making Toast.（划时代的祝酒词.）...

13. The Delight of Books.（书之乐趣）.

14.The Moon-Riddle from the Past.（月球—来自远古之谜）.

15.How Animals Hear.（动物如何听到声音）...

16.A W orld without Oil.（假如世界没有石油）... 17. If Lincoln Had Used a Computer.

（如果林肯使用过计算机……）...

18. How Americans Eat and Drink（美

国人的饮食）.

19. Smoking and Cancer. （吸烟和癌.）...

20. Eyeing Earth: From Cloud Top to

Seabed. （纵览地球—从云端到海底）...

21.The art of public Speaking.（公共演

讲的艺术）...

22. The Province of Alberta. （阿尔伯达

省）...

23. The Strenuous Life.（勤奋的生活）...

24. When The Earth Quakes.（地震时

刻）...

25.Tropical Fish.（热带鱼）...

26. Hints to Improve Spoken English（提

高英语口语须知）...

27. Money, Real and Counterfeit.（真币

和伪币）...

28. The Energy Crisis of 1973 and

Nixon's Energy Policies. （1973年能源

危机与尼克松总统的应对政策）

29. Department of Energy Established.

（建立能源部）...

30. Becoming a Child of Nature: It's a

Twofold Task of Parents and Children.

（做大自然的孩子——父母与孩子双方

的任务）...

31.A New Definition of Marketing.（关

于营销的新定义）...

32. The Great W all of China. （中国的

长城.）...

33.The Magic of Energy.（能的魔力）...

34.Super Athlete of the Sangamon.（超

级运动员）...

35.Y ou Bet Y our Life.（以命相赌）...

36.Oil.（油）...

37. How to Avoid Foolish Opinions .（如

何避免愚蠢的见解）...

38.Tips on Tipping.（给小费的学问）...

39. Geography of USA.（美国地理概

况）...

40.Petroleum Geology and Other

Sciences.（石油地质学与其它科学）...

41. How I Lost Four Ounces in Three

W eeks （我怎样在三周里减了四盎司体

重）...

42.The V ersatile Lead Pencil.（万能的铅

笔）...

43.Becoming W ealthy: It's Up to Y ou .

（致富取决于你自己）...

44.An Introduction to Distillation .（蒸

馏概述）...

45.Sales Promotion .（产品促销）...

46. Why To Mark a Book.（怎样在书上

做标记）...

47.The natural time sense.（天赋的时间

感）...

48. Earth's Last Frontier: The Sea. （海

洋，地球最后的待开发疆域）...

49. Playing the Oil Card. （打石油牌）...

50. The Earth's Learning Curve（人类的

学习曲线）...

51. Einstein's Inspiring Heir.（爱因斯坦

的激励人心的继承人）...

52. China's Roadmap（中国绘制经济路

线图）...

53. Britain Accelerates toward Cleaner

Future—with Wheat.（依托小麦—英国

加速迈向绿色未来.）...

54.An Introduction to Petrochemicals .

（石油化工产品概述）...

55. Why Antarctica Is Being Explored.

（为什么要勘探南极洲）...

56. I've Thumbed My Last Ride.（我的

最后一次蹭车）...

57. Listening Faults （聆听的误区）...

58. Three Days to See （假如给我三天光

明）...

59. Inventions and Inventors.（发明和发

明者）...

60. Excerpt from President Hu Jintao's

Y ale Speech .（胡锦涛主席耶鲁大学演讲

节选）...

1.President Hu Urges Efforts to

Ensure Global Energy Security.（胡

锦涛主席敦促国际社会协同努力保障全

球能源安全.）

1. The international community

1

should take joint efforts to ensure global energy security, Chinese President Hu Jintao said in St. Petersburg, Russia on July 17.

中国国家主席胡锦涛七月十七日在俄罗斯圣彼得堡发表讲话说，国际社会应该共同努力，保障全球能源安全。

2. "To ensure global energy security, we need to develop and implement a new energy security concept that calls for mutually beneficial cooperation, diversified forms of development and common energy security through coordination," Hu said in a written speech to the outreach session of the G8 summit.

在八国集团同发展中国家领导人扩大会议上，胡主席在讲话稿中谈到：“为保障全球能源安全，我们应该树立和落实互利合作、多元发展、协同保障的新能源安全观。”

3. While global energy security is crucial to the economic growth and people's livelihood of all countries, the world peace and stability, and common development, "few countries can achieve energy security without joining in international cooperation," he stressed.

胡锦涛主席强调，全球能源安全，关系各国的经济命脉和民生大计，对维护世界和平稳定、促进各国共同发展至关重要。绝大多数国家都不可能离开国

际合作而获得能源安全保障。

4. In this regard, efforts should be

made in the following three priority areas,

Hu said.

胡主席说，具体而言，应该着重在

以下三方面进行努力。

5. First, cooperation should be

enhanced for mutual benefit in energy

development and utilization.

一是要加强能源开发利用的互利

合作。

6. "To ensure global energy security,

it is important to strengthen dialogue and

cooperation between energy exporters and

consumers and among major energy

consumers," he said.

他说：“实现全球能源安全，必须

加强能源出口国和消费国之间、能源消

费大国之间的对话和合作。”

7. He urged the international

community to strengthen policy

coordination and improve mechanisms for

monitoring the international energy market

and responding to energy emergencies.

他敦促国际社会应该加强政策协

调，完善国际能源市场监测和应急机制。

8. Second, a system for R&D and

extension of advanced energy technologies

needs to be put in place, Hu said.

二是要形成先进能源技术的研发

推广体系。

9. International cooperation should be

promoted in R&D of key technologies in

renewable energies, hydrogen power,

nuclear power and other energy resources,

and energy-saving technology should also

be promoted, he said.

国际社会应当加强在一些关键技

术方面研发的合作。如：可再生能源、

氢能源、核能源以及其他一些能源。应

该加强节能技术研发和推广。

10. Third, efforts should be made to

maintain a sound political climate

favorable to energy security and stability,

Hu said.

三是要维护能源安全稳定的良好

政治环境。

11. "We should join hands to

safeguard stability of energy-producing

countries and regions, the Middle East in

particular," he said. "Energy issues should

not be politicized, still less should

countries willfully resort to force in

tackling energy issues."

“我们应该携手努力，共同维护产

油国家和地区，尤其是中东地区的稳

定。”胡主席说，“能源问题不应该政治

化。应该通过对话和协商解决分歧和矛

盾，处理能源问题不能任意诉诸武力。”

12. Hu also explained China's energy

strategy that can be summarized as follows:

Give high priority to conservation, rely

mainly on domestic supply, develop

diverse energy resources, protect the

environment, step up international

cooperation of mutual benefit and ensure

the stable supply of economical and clean

energies.

胡主席阐述了中国的能源战略，其

基本内容是：坚持节约优先、立足国内、

多元发展、保护环境，加强国际互利合

作，努力构筑稳定、经济、清洁的能源

供应体系。

13. Hu pledged that China, as a major

energy consumer and producer, "will make

proper use of the international energy

market and strengthen win-win

cooperation with other energy producers

and consumers on the basis of equality and

mutual benefit to jointly safeguard global

energy security."

胡主席强调，中国是能源消费大

国，也是能源生产大国。“我们将合理利

用国际能源市场，在平等互惠、互利双

赢的原则下加强同各能源生产国和消费

国的合作，共同维护全球能源安全。”

2. How to Learn with Success.

（如何学有成效.）

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1. To learn with success is not a very difficult task if some fundamental principles are laid down. While discussing this subject, I'd like to mention four indispensable principles: diligence, devotion, constancy, and punctuality.

如果定下几条基本的行为准则，学有成效并非难事。在讨论这个问题时，我想提到4条必不可少的学习准则：勤奋用功、专心致志、持之以恒、讲究准时。

2. All things can be conquered by diligence. It makes the foolish wise, the poor rich, and the humble noble. It produces a wonderful effect. In learning, the work of a diligent fool doubles that of a lazy wit.

勤奋可以征服一切。勤奋可以使愚人变聪明，使穷人成为富人，使卑贱者成为高贵者。勤奋产生神奇的效果。在学习上，一个以勤补拙的人的实效会成倍于一个懒惰的聪明人。

3. Devotion means to set our heart on one thing at a time and give up all other thoughts. Never think of learning another subject while studying one subject. Those who often change their studies will never succeed in the long run. Therefore, in order to be successful we need devotion.

专心致志指一次全神贯注于一件事，摒除一切杂念。在学习某一科目时，

千万别想起另一门学科的学习。那些时

常改变学习内容的人终究将一事无成。

因此，为了成功需要专心专意学习。

4. Constancy makes success a

certainty. On the other hand, inconstancy

often results in failure. If we study day

after day, there is nothing that cannot be

achieved. We should remember a worthy

proverb "Constant dropping of water

wears away a stone."

持之以恒是成功的保证。反之，缺

乏恒心常常导致失败。如果我们日复一

日地坚持学习，就没有达不到的目的。

我们应记住—一条有价值的谚语“水滴

石穿”。

5. Besides, there is another rule that

contributes to one's accomplishments, that

is, punctuality. The habit of keeping

regular hours is of extreme importance to

successful learning. Work while you work;

play while you play. Every man will

certainly become strong and wise if he

does so.

此外，还有一条帮助人们取得成就

的规则，即准时。养成按时的习惯对于

卓有成效的学习极为重要。工作时工作，

游戏时游戏。如果这样做了，每个人都

会变得既强健又聪明。

3. We Need Friends .（我们需要

朋友.）

1. The word, friend, covers a wide

range of meanings. It can be a nodding

acquaintance, a comrade, a confidant, a

partner, a playmate, an intimate colleague,

etc.

“朋友”这个词的意义很广。朋

友可以是点头之交、同志、知已、伙伴、

玩伴、亲密的同事等。

2. Everyone needs friendship. No one

can sail the ocean of life single-handed.

We need help from, and also give help to,

others. In modern society, people attach

more importance to relations and

connections. A man of charisma has many

friends. His power lies in his ability to

give.

人人都需要友谊，没有人能独自

在人生的海洋中航行。我们给人以帮助，

也需要别人的帮助。在现代社会，人们

更重视关系和联系。一个有非凡魅力的

人有许多朋友，他的力量在于他的奉献

能力。

3. As life is full of strife and conflict,

we need friends to support and help us out

of difficulties. Our friends give us

warnings against danger. Our friends offer

us advice with regard to how do deal with

various situations. True friends share not

only our joys but also our sorrows.

生活充满矛盾和斗争，我们需要

朋友的支持，以帮助我们摆脱困境。朋

友提醒我们警惕险滩。朋友主动给我们

以忠告，告诉我们如何应付各种不同的

局势。真正的朋友与我们同甘共苦。

4. With friendship, life is happy and

harmonious. Without friendship, life is sad

and unfortunate. I have friends in high

positions and friends in the rank and file.

Some are rich and in power. Some are

relatively poor and without power. Some

are like myself, working as a teacher,

reading and writing, content with a simple

life. We all care for each other, love and

help each other. We feel we are happiest

when we chat and exchange ideas with

one another. With my friends, I know what

to treasure, what to tolerate and what to

share.

有了友谊，生活幸福、和谐；没

有友谊，生活变得悲伤、不幸。我有地

位高的朋友，也有地位低的朋友；有的

有钱有权，有的较穷且无权无势。有的

和我一样教书，读读写写，满足于简朴

的生活。我们都互相关心，互相爱护，

互相帮助。我们觉得朋友们在一起闲谈

交流思想时感到最开心。对我的朋友们，

我知道该珍惜什么，容忍什么，分享什

么。

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5. I will never forget my old friends, and I'll keep making new friends. I will not be cold and indifferent to my poor friends, and I will show concern for them, even if it is only a comforting word.

我决不会忘记老朋友，同时继续结交新朋友。我对穷朋友绝不冷漠，而是关心他们，哪怕只是一句安慰的话。

4. Hard Work Is Good for Health.（努力工作有利于健康.）

1. Scientists find that hard-working prestigious people live longer than average men and women, and that career women are healthier than housewives. Evidence shows that the jobless are in poorer health than the job-holders. An investigation shows that whenever the unemployment rate increases by 1%, the death rate increases correspondingly by 2%. All this comes down to one point: work is helpful to health.

科学家们发现努力工作的名人比一般人寿命长，职业妇女比家庭妇女健康。有证据表明，失业者比在业人员健康状况差。调查表明失业率每增长1％，死亡率相应增长2％。所有这些都表明：工作有利于健康。

2. Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy, away from loneliness and solitude. Researches

show that people feel unhappy, worried

and solitary when they have nothing to do.

Instead, the happiest are those who are

busy. Many high achievers who love their

careers feel that they are happiest when

they are working hard. Work serves as a

bridge between man and reality. Through

work, people come into contact with each

other. And through collective activity, they

find friendship and warmth. This is helpful

to health. The loss of work means the loss

of everything. It affects man spiritually

and makes him liable to disease.

为什么工作对健康有好处?因为

工作使人忙碌，让人不会感到寂寞、孤

独。研究表明，人们无事可做时会感到

不愉快、忧虑、孤独。相反，忙于工作

的人感到最愉快。许多热爱事业、卓有

成就的人感到在努力工作时最幸福。工

作起到人与现实之间的桥梁作用：通过

工作，人们彼此接触；通过集体活动，

人们得到友谊和温暖。这有利于健康。

失去工作就是失去一切，它影响人的精

神，使人容易患病。

3. Besides, work gives one a sense of

fulfillment and a sense of achievement.

Work makes one feel his value and status

in society. When a writer finishes his

writing when a doctor successfully

operates on a patient, and when a teacher

sees his students grow, they are happy

beyond words.

此外，工作给人以充实感和成就

感。工作使人感到自身价值和社会地位。

当作家写完书，医生成功地给病人做完

手术，教师看到学生的成长，他们的幸

福溢于言表。

4. From the above we can come to

the conclusion that the more you work the

happier and healthier you will be. Let us

work hard and study well and live a happy

and healthy life.

由此我们可以得出结论：工作越

多越幸福，也越健康。让我们努力工作，

好好学习，过幸福健康的生活。

5. Sports and Games.（体育运动.）

1. What fun it is to jump into a pool

or go swimming in a river in summer!

How joyful and relaxing it is to have a

game of table tennis after a day of study at

school! And how exciting it is to play or

watch a close game of basketball or

volleyball! All over the world millions of

people take part in different kinds of sports.

Sports are perhaps the most popular form

of relaxation that almost all can enjoy,

whether boys or girls, men or women,

young or old.

夏天跳进池塘或到江河里游泳多

么有趣!一天的学习之后打一场乒乓球

赛多么令人轻松愉快!参加或观看一场

势均力敌的篮球赛或排球赛多么令人兴

奋!全世界千百万人们参加各种各样的

运动。体育运动大概是几乎所有人都喜

爱的最普遍的令人松弛的娱乐形式，男

女老少都很喜欢体育运动。

2. Some people seem to think that

sports and games are unimportant things

that people do at times when they are not

working, instead of going to the cinema,

watching T V, listening to the radio, or

sleeping. But in fact sports and games can

be of great value, especially to people who

work with their brains. They should not be

treated only as amusements.

有些人似乎认为体育活动不是什

么重要的事情，只是人们在不工作的时

候，不看电影，不看电视，不听广播，

不睡觉时才去参加的活动。其实，体育

运动很有价值，特别是对脑力劳动者大

有好处。体育运动不应仅仅被当作娱乐

活动来对待。

3. Sports and games build our bodies,

prevent us from gaining weights, and keep

us healthy. But these are not their only

uses. They give us valuable practice in

helping the eyes, brain and muscles to

work together. In table tennis, the eyes see

the ball coming, judge its speed and

4

direction, and pass this information on to the brain. The brain then has to decide what to do, and sends its orders to the muscles of the arms, legs, and so on, so that the ball is met and hit back where the player wants it to go. All this must happen with very great speed, and only those who have had a lot of practice at table tennis can do this successfully. For those who work with their brains, the practice of such skills is especially useful.

体育运动增强体质，防止我们发胖，使我们保持身体健康。但体育运动的作用不仅仅限于这些方面。体育运动给我们的眼睛、大脑和肌肉以宝贵的锻炼，促使它们协同工作。打乒乓球时，眼睛看到球打过来，判断其速度和方向，马上将这个信息传给大脑。接着大脑得决定怎么办，并立即将其命令传达给手臂、腿等人体部分的肌肉，结果球被击回到运动员希望它着落的地方。整个行动必须以最快的速度发生，只有那些训练有素的人才能成功地完成。对那些脑力劳动者来说，这样的技能实践特别管用，尤其有益。

4. Sports and games are also very useful for character-training. In their lessons at school, boys and girls may learn about such virtues as selflessness, courage, discipline and love of one's country, but what is learned in books cannot have the

same deep effect on a child's character as

what is learned through experience. The

ordinary school cannot give much

practical training in living, because most

of the students'time is spent in classes,

studying lessons. So what the students do

in their spare time is of great importance.

If each of them learns to go all out for his

team and not for himself on the sports

field, he wilt later find it natural to work

for the good of society and for the good of

his country.

体育运动对性格的培养也很有益

处。男孩女孩们在课堂上也许对不自私

自利、富有勇气、遵守纪律、热爱祖国

这样的美德有所了解，但是从书本上学

到的东西不可能像通过亲身体验了解到

的东西一样对孩子的品质产生深刻的影

响。普通的学校不可能在生活方面给孩

子们很多实用的培养，因为他们的大部

分时间用于上课，花在学习功课上。所

以，学生们在课余时间所做的事非常重

要。如果每个学生在球场上学会了为自

己的球队而不是为他自己竭尽全力，那

么他以后会感到为社会的利益、为祖国

的利益而工作是理所当然的了。

6. How Americans View Love.（美

国人的爱情观.）

1. An old song says that "love makes

the world go around." If you watch

Americans on V alentine's Day, you can

believe it. The whole country breaks out

with little red hearts. Love-struck people

give cards, flowers and candy to their

sweethearts. Y ou might call it an annual

celebration of love.

有一首老歌中唱道“爱让世界转

动”。如果你看到美国人是如何庆祝情人

节的，你便会相信这句话。这一天在美

国不论你走到哪里都能看到一颗颗小红

心。坠入爱河中的人向自己的心上人赠

送卡片、鲜花和糖果。你可以将情人节

称之为一年一度的爱的庆贺日。

2. The American concept of love and

romance begins with dating. Y oung people

date in several ways. At first they might

have group dates with several boys and

girls together. Later, they start going on

single dates—just one boy and one girl.

Sometimes a boy and a girl will go to a

movie. Maybe they will go to a party at a

friend's house. Or they might go out to eat.

美国人的爱情和浪漫始于约会。

年轻人有几种约会方式。最开始，他们

可能是好几个男孩和女孩都参加的集体

约会。之后，他们单独出去约会――只

有一男一女。有时他们会去看电影，也

可能一起去参加朋友的聚会，或一起出

去吃饭。

3. When two couple go out together,

it's called double dating. A friend might

even arrange a blind date for you with

someone you don't know. That doesn't

mean you keep your eyes closed the whole

evening! Y ou just don't know who your

partner will be until the time of the date. If

someone asks you out on any kind of date,

and you don't want to go, you may politely

say, "No, thanks."

如果两对男女一起出去，这叫做

双重约会。一个朋友还可能为你和陌生

人安排一个“蒙眼约会”。那并不是说你

整个晚上都紧闭双目。只是在约会之前

你并不知道你的约会对象是谁。如果有

人请你出去约会，不管是哪种约会，假

若你不想去，你都可以礼貌地说声“不，

谢谢!”

4. Americans view dating differently

from people in other culture. American

young people see a date as a time just to

have fun. They don't always have a

romantic interest in mind. Someone may

go out with one person this week, and

another person the next. After a while, a

boy and a girl may decide they want to go

steady. This means they think of each

other as boyfriend and girlfriend. It also

means they don't want to date anyone else.

Romance is beginning to bloom.

5

对于约会，美国人与别的文化国度的人有不同的看法。美国的年轻人把约会看成是玩得开心的时间，并不一定就抱着浪漫的念头。有的人可能这星期与一个人出去，下星期又与另外一个人出去。经过一段时间后，一个男孩和一个女孩可能决定保持稳定的关系。这意味着他们把彼此看成“男朋友和女朋友”，这也意味着他们不想与别的人约会。浪漫之花开始绽放。

5. Romantic love is very much a part of American culture. Movies, TV shows and books in America all picture people falling in love. Americans know no romance is perfect, but still they try to find the ideal person. Actually, love is a part of every culture, not just American culture. People all over the world search for happiness in a loving relationship. Maybe love does make the world go around.

浪漫爱情是美国文化的重要组成部分。美国的电影、电视和书籍都描绘人们如何坠入爱河。美国人知道没有哪段爱情是完美的，但他们还是努力去寻找自己的意中人。事实上，爱不仅仅是美国文化，而是每种文化的组成部分。全世界的人们都在爱中寻求幸福。也许确实是爱使世界转动。

7. Our Family Creed.（家族的信条.）

1. They are the principles on which

my wife and I have tried to bring up our

family. They are the principles in which

my father believed and by which he

governed his life. They are the principles,

many of them, which I learned at my

mother's knee.

这些是我和我太太在教育子女的

时候所尽力倚仗的信条，这些是我父亲

所深信并以之为人生律条的信条，这些

信条中的大部分是我从母亲的膝下秉承

而来的。

2. They point the way to usefulness

and happiness in life, to courage and peace

in death.

这些信条告诉人们如何快乐而有

所作为地活着，也告诉人们如何勇敢而

安详地面对死亡。

3. If they mean to you what they

mean to me, they may perhaps be helpful

also to our sons for their guidance and

inspiration.

假如这些信条于诸位的意义如同

它们于我的意义，那么也许它们可以有

效地指导和鼓舞我们的儿女们。

4. Let me state them:

让我说出这些信条：

5. I believe in the supreme worth of

the individual and in his right to life,

liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

我相信，个人拥有无上的价值，

拥有生存、自由和追求幸福的权利。

6. I believe that every right implies a

responsibility; every opportunity, an

obligation; every possession, a duty.

我相信，每一项权利都必然包含

着责任，每一个机遇都必然包含着义务，

每一种获得都必然包含着职责。

7. I believe that the law was made for

man and not man for the law; that

government is the servant of the people

and not their master.

我相信，法律为人而制，而非人

为法律而生，政府是人民的公仆，而非

人民的主人。

8. I believe in the dignity of labor,

whether with head or hand; that the world

owes no man a living but that it owes

every man an opportunity to make a

living.

我相信，无论体力劳动还是脑力

劳动都是高尚的，世界不会让人不劳而

获，而会给人—次谋生的机会。

9. I believe that thrift is essential to

well-ordered living and that economy is a

prime requisite of a sound financial

structure, whether in government, business,

or personal affairs.

我相信，无论在政府、商业还是

个人事务中，勤俭节约都是合理安排生

活之基本要素，而经济适用是健全的金

融机制之必需。

10. I believe that truth and justice are

fundamental to an enduring social order.

我相信，真理和正义是任何一个

长治久安的社会秩序之基础。

11. I believe in the sacredness of a

promise, that a man's word should be as

good as his bond, that character—not

wealth or power or position—is of

supreme worth.

我相信，承诺是神圣的；我也相

信，假如人的言语能和契约同样可靠，

那么这种品质—而非财富、权势与身份

地位——就具有至高无上的价值。

12. I believe that the rendering of

useful service is the common duty of

mankind and that only in the purifying fire

of sacrifice is the dross of selfishness

consumed and the greatness of the human

soul set free.

我相信，人类共同的职责是有用

地服务社会，只有在自我牺牲的炼火中，

自私的沉渣才会被焚为灰烬，人类灵魂

中的伟大情操才会显现。

13. I believe in an all-wise and

all-loving God, named by whatever name,

and that the individual's highest fulfillment,

greatest happiness, and widest usefulness

6

are to be found in living in harmony with his will.

我相信，有一位无所不知、大慈大悲的上帝存在——尽管人们对他的称呼各不相同——人们能在与他的意志相和谐的生活过程中得到最高的满足感、最大的幸福感，以及最广博的成就感。

14. I believe that love is the greatest thing in the world; that it alone can overcome hate; that right can and will triumph over might.

我相信，世界上最伟大的事物就是爱，只有爱能够战胜仇恨，而真理能够而且必定能击败强权。

15. These are the principles, however formulated, for which all good men and women throughout the world, irrespective of race or creed, education, social position, or occupation, are standing, and for which many of them are suffering and dying.

无论怎样表达，以上就是那些信条—世界上所有不计种族、信仰、宗教、地位或职业的善良的人们所代表的信条——而且正是为了这些信条，他们中许多人正在忍受折磨，甚至正在死去。

16. These are the principles upon which alone a new world recognizing the brotherhood of man and the fatherhood of God can be established.

只有凭借这些信条，人类才能建立起人人如手足、上帝如慈父的新世界。

8. America's Luckiest Stamp Find.

（美国最幸运的邮票的发现.）

1. The first United States airmail

stamp has had an interesting story. Printed

in 1918, this 24-cent stamp with a blue

plane inside a rose border became the

center of much attention. One hundred of

the stamps sold to the public became

known as "inverts", for the plane was

printed upside down. Some of these

"upside-down" airmail stamps are now

worth over $6,000.

关于美国的第一枚航空邮票有一

个有趣的故事。这枚面值为24美分的邮

票印刷于1918年，玫瑰花边的中间有一

架蓝色的飞机，成为人们关注的中心。

因为蓝色的飞机被印颠倒了，仅仅有一

百枚这种“倒转”邮票卖给公众。现在，

有些这种“倒转”航空邮票价值超过6000

美元。

2. The story of these stamps began on

May 14, 1918, the day after they were

placed on sale. In Washington, D.C.,

W.T.Robey, a man interested in stamps,

decided to buy a sheet of the new stamps

and so went to the New Y ork Avenue

branch post office in Washington. When

the clerk handed him a sheet of the stamps,

Robey noted that they were poorly

centered. He looked at other sheets and

found that none was well centered. The

clerk asked Robey to return later in the

day when more stamps were expected.

关于这些邮票的故事发生在1918

年5月14日，该日是它们开始销售的第

二天。在首都华盛顿，一个集邮爱好者，

罗比，决定去买一整版新邮票，于是他

来到华盛顿市纽约大街的邮政支局。当

职员递给他一版新邮票时，罗比看到它

们（印刷）的中心位置很差。他看了其

它几版，没有一个摆正中心位置。职员

告诉罗比当天晚些时候来退换，估计那

时有更多邮票到货。

3. About noon Robey came back, and

the same clerk was on duty. He reached

for the new sheets and handed one to

Robey. The collector's heart stood still as

he saw that the sheet, which had been

offered him, had inverted centers.

罗比大约中午时候回来时，还是

那个职员值班。他伸手够到新货取出一

版递给罗比。当这个集邮者看到邮票时

他的心跳刹那间停顿了，给他的这版邮

票有一个倒转的中心。

4. Excited by his find, obey shopped

other branch post offices for more sheets

with inverted centers but found none. Then

he told his friends of his discovery, and

they, too, looked in the city's post

offices-also in vain.

罗比被他的发现振奋，他到其它

邮政支局去寻购更多张“倒转”邮票，

但是毫无结果。之后，他告诉他的朋友

们他的这个发现，他们如他一样，找遍

了全城的邮政支局，同样徒劳无功。

5. Not being a rich man, obey

decided to cash in on his good fortune. He

turned down the first offer of $500 from a

Washington stamp shop owner and took

the sheet to New Y ork. There he planned

to show it to a collector, Colonel

E.H.R.Green, as well as to stamp dealers.

罗比不是富人，他决定把他的好

运气换成钱。他拒绝了一个华盛顿集邮

商店老板500美元的第一个报价，带着

邮票去纽约。他计划把“倒转”邮票拿

给一个名叫COLONEL的集邮者和一些

邮票商看。

6. Colonel Green was out of the city,

and no one else wanted to bid on the sheet

for fear that Robey's might not be the only

upside-down sheet. As the news of his find

spread, many people said that other such

sheets had been found. These stories

proved to be false.

COLONEL先生不在纽约，而没

有其他任何人想报价，他们害怕罗比的

邮票不是唯一的“倒转”邮票。当罗比

7

的邮票发现的消息扩散开后，很多人声称找到了其它这样的邮票。很快证实那些话都不真实。

7. Robey left New Y ork without having made a sale, and stopped in Philadelphia on the way home. There, dealer Eugene Klein arranged to buy the sheet for $15,000, and finally did buy it. Within a few days, Klein sold the sheet to Colonel Green, the same collector whom Robey had failed to contact in Texas at the time, and that Klein phoned him there and sold him the sheet, sight unseen, for $20,000! Robey's sheet had cost him $24, and his profit was $14,976 while Klein gained $5,000.

罗比没有卖出邮票离开纽约，回家的路上他停脚费城。在那儿，邮票商克林安排15000美元收购全版“倒转票”，最终成交。几天之内，克林转手全版“倒转票”给COLONEL先生，就是在德州与罗比失之交臂的那个邮票商，而当克林打电话给德州的COLONEL先生，卖给他全版“倒转票”时，他看都没看，出价20000美元！罗比付出24美元买全版“倒转票”，他的利润是14976美元，而克林先生赚了5000美元。

8. Of the 100 stamps first bought by Mr. obey, stamp collectors are now able to account for 90. What has happened to the others is not known. When a copy is

offered for sale, it is a major event in the

stamp world. A single such stamp has been

sold for as much as $6,500. Few people

have ever even seen a copy. Y et no matter

how much this valuable stamp is bought

and sold, no owner can match the thrill

that W.T.Robey had on that day in 1918

when he made America's luckiest stamp

find!

罗比先生最先购买到的100枚邮

票中，现在集邮者们能统计出的仅有90

枚。没有人知道另外一些邮票的下落和

故事。今天，一个“倒转票”的拷贝出

售都是集邮界的大事。仅仅单枚这样的

邮票曾经卖到6500美元。甚至是复制品

也几乎没有人看到过。不论这种价值极

高的邮票卖多少钱、买多少钱，没有一

个所有者的兴奋可与罗比在1918年发

现最幸运的美国邮票那天的兴奋相比！

9. That "Other Woman" in My Life.

（我生命中的“另一个女人”）.

1. After 22 years of marriage, I've

discovered the secret to keeping love and

intimacy alive in my relationship with my

wife, Peggy: I started dating another

woman.

经历22年的婚姻，我发现如何同

妻子佩吉保持爱恋和亲密关系的秘密：

去约会另一个女人。

2. The "other woman" my wife was

encouraging me to date is my mother, a

72-year-old widow who has lived alone

since my father died 20 years ago. Right

after his death, I moved 2500 miles away

to California and started my own family

and career. When I moved back near my

hometown six years ago, I promised

myself that I would spend more time with

Mom. But with the demands of my job

and three kids, I never got around to

seeing her much beyond family

get-togethers and holidays.

我妻子鼓励我去约会的“另一个

女人”就是我的母亲，一位72岁的寡妇。

20年前父亲去世后，她一直独居至今。

就在父亲去世后，我搬到了2500英里以

外的加利福尼亚，成家立业。6年前我

迁回到靠近老家的地方，那时，我曾承

诺要花些时间同妈妈在一起。但是由于

需要兼顾我的工作和3个孩子，除家庭

聚会和节假日外，我很少抽时间去看望

她。

3. She was surprised and suspicious,

then, when I called and suggested the two

of us go out to dinner and a movie.

"What's wrong?" she asked. My mother

thinks anything out of the ordinary signals

bad news. "I thought it would be nice to

spend some time with you," I said. "Just

the two of us." I'd like that a lot." she

replied.

我打电话给母亲，建议我们俩外

出一起吃饭、看电影，她感到惊讶和疑

惑。“出什么事了吗?”她问，妈妈把任

何不寻常的信号都当成是坏消息。“我想

跟您共度一段时光会很愉快的。”我说。

“就我们俩。”“那太好了，”她答道。

4. As I drove to her house, I actually

had a case of predate jitters ! What would

we talk about? What if she didn't like the

restaurant I chose?

我开车驶往母亲住所，竟感到约

会前的紧张不安。我们将谈些什么呢?如

果她不喜欢我选的餐馆怎么办?

5. When I pulled into her driveway,

she was waiting by the door with her coat

on. Her hair was curled, and she was

smiling. "I told my lady friends I was

going out with my son, and they were all

impressed," she said as she got into my car.

"They can't wait to hear about our

evening."

我的车驶进母亲家门前的车道

时，她已穿好外套等在门口了。她的头

发卷好了，面带笑容。“我告诉我的女伴

们，说我要和儿子一道外出，她们都深

受感动，”母亲边说边上了我的车。“她

们急着想知道我们怎样度过今天晚上。”

8

6. We didn't go anywhere fancy, just a neighborhood place where we could talk. My mother clutched my arm, half out of affection and half to help her negotiate the restaurant steps. Since her eyes now see only large shapes and shadows, I had to read the menu for both of us. Halfway through reciting the entrees, I glanced up and saw Mom looking at me, a wistful smile on her lips. "I used to be the menureader when you were little," she said. I understood what she was saying. From caregiver to cared-for, from cared-for to caregiver, our relationship had come full circle. "Then it's time for you to relax and let me return the favor," I said. We had a nice talk over dinner. Nothing earth-shattering, just catching up with each other's lives. We talked for so long that we missed the movie. I 'll go out with you again," my mother said as I dropped her off, "But only if you let me buy dinner next time." I agreed.

我们没有去高档的餐馆，只在附近找了一个便于说话的地方。我的母亲紧挽着我的胳膊，既是出于对我的慈爱，也是为了自己能扶着我走上餐馆的台阶。由于她现在的视力只能看到大致的形状和模糊的影子，我得为我俩读菜单。我念到一半时，抬头瞥见母亲正看着我，嘴角泛着若有所思的微笑。“你小时候我

常念菜单给你听，”她说。我明白她的意

思。她已从关爱者变为受照顾者，我则

从受照顾者变为关爱者，我们的关系倒

了个个儿。“现在你该轻松轻松了，让我

来照顾你。”我说。我们边吃边谈，谈得

很好。没有谈什么大事，只是交谈些彼

此的生活情况。我们谈了很长时间，以

致没赶上看电影。“我还想跟你一起外

出。”我送母亲回去，下车时她说，“不

过，下次你得让我请客。”我答应了。

7. "How was your date?" my wife

asked when I got home that evening.

"Nice...nicer than I thought it would be," I

said. She smiled her told-you-so smile.

“你的约会怎么样?”那天晚上回

家时，妻子问我。“不错……，比我想的

还要好，”我说。她笑了，一副早就料到

的样子。

8. Mom and I go out for dinner a

couple of times a month. Sometimes we

take in a movie, but mostly we talk. I tell

her about my trials at work and brag about

the kids and Peggy. Mom fills me in on

family gossip and tells me about her past.

Now I know what it was like for her to

work in a factory during World War II. I

know how she met my father there, and

how they nurtured a trolley-car courtship

through those difficult times. I can't get

enough of these stories. They are

important to me, a part of my history. We

also talk about the future. Because of

health problems, my mother worries about

the days ahead. "I have so much living to

do," she told me once. "I need to be there

while my grandchildren grow up. I don't

want to miss any of it."

从此我和妈妈每个月都要外出共

进几次晚餐。有时我们也看电影，但大

部分时间都是交谈。我跟她讲工作中的

烦恼，也向她夸耀佩吉和孩子们。母亲

跟我谈了许多家长里短的事，也对我讲

了她过去的经历。现在我知道了她二战

期间在一家工厂里做工的情况，并知道

她在那里如何同父亲相识的。在那困难

的日子里，他们在有轨电车上培育了一

段恋爱史。我对这些故事百听不厌。它

们对我很重要，是我历史的一部分。我

们也谈论未来。由于健康方面的原因，

母亲担心着今后的日子。“我要做的事儿

多着呢，”有一次她对我说。“我要看着

孙子、孙女们长大成人。我可什么都不

想错过。”

9. I tend to fill my calendar to the

brim as I struggle to fit family, career and

friendships into my life. I often complain

about how quickly time flies. Spending

time with my mom has taught me the

importance of slowing down.

忙于应付家庭生活、事业和朋友

关系等种种事情，我的日程表总是排得

满满的。我经常抱怨时光飞逝。与母亲

共度时光，使我懂得了放慢生活节奏的

重要。

10.The First Jet.（第一架喷气机）

1.It was just noon on that 25th day of

April 1945. I had gone through my first

minutes of combat. The 456th Bomber

Group, based in Italy, had gone into

Austria. They had hit the railroad yards at

Linz along the Danube River.

事情发生在1945年4月25日的

中午。我正在执行我的第一次战斗任务。

基地在意大利的第456轰炸机组刚刚飞

进奥地利。他们要轰炸多瑙河沿岸位于

林滋的铁路工厂。

2.My job was to drop chaff. They

were the little bundles of tin that confused

enemy radar. Through the 3-inch-square

chaff chute, I could see the enemy shells

exploding just below us.

我的工作是抛撒干扰片。它们是

锡制的很小的捆，能够干扰敌人的雷达。

透过3平方英寸（抛撒）干扰片斜道，

我能看到敌人的炮弹就在我们（飞机肚

子）底下爆炸。

3.Just after "bombs away," a sharp

blow rocked our plane. An enemy shell

9

had ripped a hole in the floor of the airplane. It was about a yard from the engineer's feet.

刚刚执行“投弹完毕”命令，一下急速的打击使我们的飞机摇晃起来。敌人的一颗炮弹已经在飞机的地板上撕破一个大洞。它距离工程师的脚不过一码。

4."Engineer to pilot," his voice said, "we've been hit."

“工程师呼叫机长，”（耳机中）他的声音说道，“我们被击中了。”

5."Bad?" “很严重吗？”

6."Don’t think so. It missed the control cables-went out through the top."

“不太严重。它没有击中控制缆，穿过顶棚出去了。”

7.No more talk. It was over. But it left a shaky feeling. We knew that the war was almost over. A guy's chances of getting home were good.

没有更多的交谈。这件事过去了。但是它留下令人震撼的感觉。我们都知道战争几乎结束了。一个军人战后回家的机会很高。

8.Each of us was thinking the same thing. If that shell had hit us half a second sooner, it might have hit the pilot. Three inches to the left and it would have cut some cables. A tiny instant later, and it would have hit one of us.

我们中的每个人都在想同样的

事。如果那颗炮弹早半秒击中我们，它

可能击中机长。只要偏左3英寸，它将

会割断某些控制缆。稍微迟后瞬间，它

将击中我们中的一个。

9.The bomb run ended. The bomb

bay doors slid shut. Suddenly we were in

the clear open sky.

一连串的轰炸结束了。弹舱门关

上了。刹那间我们冲入晴朗的广阔天空。

10.We let ourselves feel a bit safer

now. We had the three-hour flight home. It

was across part of Y ugoslavia. Then came

the voice of our nose gunner.

现在我们使自己感到多了一点安

全。我们要用3个小时飞回家。正在横

穿南斯拉夫某地。这时传来我们的前机

枪手的声音。

11."Fighter. Eleven o'clock low.

Coming in fast."

“战斗机。11点方向下。逼近得

非常快。”

12."Whose?" somebody said.

“谁的？”有人问。

13."Not ours," came the answer,

forward. "Never saw anything like it. it's

closing in now...fast...fast...never saw

anything so fast."

“不是我们的，”从前方传来回

答，“从来没有见过像这样的东西。现在

它正在接近，太快了，太快了，从来没

有见过任何东西这么快。”

14."I see him!" the left waist gunner

said.” It’s a jet-one of those new Me

262's!"

“我看到它了！”左腰部机枪手

说。“它是架喷气机，是新型ME262中

的一架！”

15."Can't even hold him in the sight,"

the gunner said.

“简直不能‘盯’住它，”机枪手

说。

16.If one of their new jets hits you,

just start shooting and hope that you hit

him. Y ou won't get a chance to aim. That’s

what we had been told. The enemy had a

fighter so fast we couldn't even hold a

sight on it. It was something we had never

heard of. Something they called a "jet."

我们曾被告知：如果他们的新型

喷气机冲向你，立即扫射，但愿你打中

它，你没有瞄准它的机会。敌人有一种

战斗机太快，我们甚至不能‘看’住它。

这是我们从没听说过的东西，敌人称之

为“喷气机”。

17.And now the jet came at us! Our

nose turret turned wildly to follow it. The

electric motors of the turret hummed. The

gunner tried to bring his guns around.

现在喷气机冲向我们！我们的前

炮塔发疯似地旋转着跟随它。炮塔的电

动机嗡嗡叫。机枪手试图带着他的枪转

动。

18.Looking over the other waist

gunner's shoulder, I saw the enemy jet.

Saw its shining green nose and its high

rudder. It knifed through the spring air

toward our plane.

从另外一个腰部机枪手的肩上看

去，我看到了敌人的喷气机。看到了它

的闪亮的绿色鼻子和高高的方向舵。它

刀劈般穿过春天的天空接近我们的飞

机。

19.In seconds the jet's cannon would

fire. In seconds it would all be over. Our

bomber would fold. It would streak down

to smash in the mountains below.

几秒中内喷气机的大炮将开火，

几秒钟内一切将结束。我们的轰炸机将

折叠成团。它将瞬间下坠粉碎在下面的

山上。

20.In seconds...Then I noticed that it

had not yet fired a single shot. All of us

stared. We were ready for the blow. But no

one fired!

几秒钟内……突然，我注意到它

没有发射一发子弹。我们所有人都凝视

着。我们已经准备着爆炸。但是没有人

开火。

10

21.The jet was in range. Its shining nose was on us as it closed in for the kill.

喷气机确实在射程以内。它闪亮的鼻子对着我们，似乎它要靠近来进行屠杀。

22.Then the unbelievable: the enemy jet leveled off. It flashed below us and was gone.

这时令人难以置信的事情发生了，敌人的喷气机与我们的飞机拉成水平。它闪向我们的下面，然后离去。

23."Close!" somebody said. “Too close!"

“太近了！”有人说。“太近了！”

24.Then we went back to the business of getting home. I guess most of the crew forgot about that jet that had us in its sights. But I have never forgotten it.

之后，大家重新回到飞回家的事情里。我猜想机组的大多数人现在已经忘掉那架置我们于其视距的喷气机。但是，我从来没有忘掉它。

25.Was the German pilot out of ammunition? Did his guns jam at the last second? Or was it more than that? Was he tired of killing?

是德国飞行员没有弹药？是最后一秒他的机枪卡壳？或者还有更多隐情？或者是他已经厌倦于杀戮？

26.I'll never be sure. I don't know what held the fire of our own gunners. But

the sky changed from a rain of hate to a

blue sky of hope.

我可能永远不会弄清。我也不知

道为什么我们的机枪手没有开火。但是

天变了，从一个讨厌的雨天变成我们所

希望的蓝天。

11.A Handful of History.（扑克

—手中的历史.）

1. The next time you do a card

trick-remember this. Y ou’re playing with

history. The playing cards we use today

are much like those used for hundreds of

years. The most interesting things are the

suits and face cards. A "suit" of a playing

card is not a thing to be worn. It means

Hearts, Spades, Diamonds or Clubs. The

figures are placed on each card with the

number or value of the card. The face

cards are the Jacks, Queens, Kings, and, of

course, the Jokers.

当你下一次玩扑克的时候，要记

住这些。你正在与历史进行游戏。今天

我们用的扑克，几乎与数百年前的扑克

相差无几。最有意思的东西是扑克里的

“套”和“脸牌”。扑克中的“套”不是

什么可以穿的东西。它意味着红心、黑

桃、红方块、或者梅花。牌面的数标志

着牌的顺序或价值。带脸的牌是杰克、

皇后、国王、当然还有鬼。

2. What do you think the suits stand

for? Let's take the Hearts first. When you

say that an athlete has a lot of heart, what

do you mean? Y ou mean that he is brave.

So, you see, the King of Hearts is a "brave

king".

你认为“套”代表什么意思？让

我们先看红心。当你说一个运动员有很

多心，你到底想表达什么意思？你的意

思是他很勇敢。因此，你看，红心国王

是勇敢之王。

3. Look at the design of the Spade on

a card. The word "spade" comes from the

Italian word which means “sword”. With a

little imagination, you can see the handle

and the blade. Of course, the blade has

been made much shorter on the card.

看看牌面上黑桃的设计。英语

“SPADE”这个字来自意大利语，意思

是刀剑。只要有一点想象力，你就能看

到柄和刀刃。当然，牌面的刀刃被做的

非常短。

4. The diamonds and Club designs

also have interesting stories. The Diamond

design is one that you probably know

already. It stands for the expensive gems

that you and I have seen in jewelry stores.

At first it stood for the rich traders who

found and sold such gems. The Club looks

a little like a three-leaf clover design. Its

shape came from a French design with

three leaves. It has the lowest rank of the

suits.

红方块和梅花的设计同样含着很

有意思的故事。关于钻石的图案是一个

你可能已经知道的东西。它代表你和我

都曾在首饰店看见过的珍贵的珍宝。首

先它代表了制作和出卖这样的珍宝的富

有的商人。梅花看上去有点像三叶草的

图案。它的形状来自一个法国的三片树

叶的图案。它在套牌里排序最低。

5. Now you see how some suits of

playing cards have more value or power

than others. The face cards are usually

powerful in any card game. The King is

one of the strongest. There are four

different Kings, and each one stands for a

real person. The King of Hearts first meant

Charlemagne. He lived about 800 years

after the birth of Christ. He was one of the

most powerful kings in Europe after Julius

Caesar of Rome. Julius Caesar, by the way,

is the King of Diamonds.

现在你看到了为什么一套牌的价

值或力量大于另外一套牌。在任何一个

扑克游戏里带脸的牌往往威力更大。国

王（K）是最强的一个。这里有四个不同

的国王，每一个都代表着一个真实的人。

首先红心国王代表查理曼大帝，他生活

11

在耶稣诞生后800年后。他是罗马朱利叶斯·恺撒之后，欧洲最强大的国王。顺便说一下，朱利叶斯·恺撒是红方块国王。

6. We must go further back in history to find out the names of the two other kings. The young Alexander the Great of Macedonia is the King of Clubs and King David is the King of Spades. David is the person who killed the giant Goliath. When someone talks about a David and Goliath, he means that a smaller, or weaker, person is trying to fight a very large and strong enemy. David beat Goliath and became a king. He probably never thought that he would have a place in playing cards.

我们要想找到其它两个国王的名字，必须退回到更久远的历史里去。梅花国王是大马其顿王国年轻的亚历山大，国王大卫是黑桃国王。大卫是杀死巨人歌利亚的人。当某个人谈到大卫和歌利亚，他的意思是一个小个的人，或弱者正在打败一个非常高大和强壮的敌人。大卫战胜了歌利亚成为国王。他可能从来没有想到他会在扑克牌里有一个位置。

7. We must go back to the Bible and the times of David again to find two of our queens. Rachel was a famous woman in the Bible. She is the Queen of Diamonds.

我们必须再次回到圣经（BIBLE）

和大卫王的时代去找两个王后。拉结是

圣经中的著名女人。她是红方块王后。

8. Remember that the heart stands for

bravery. A very brave woman is the Queen

of Hearts. That was Judith, who killed an

enemy general.

应该还记得心代表勇敢。一个非

常勇敢的女人是红心王后。红心王后是

朱迪丝，她杀死了敌人的一个将军。

9. When Alexander the Great was a

general, one of the important woman

goddesses was Athena. She stood for

wisdom. Athena is the Queen of Spades.

当伟大的亚利桑德拉还是将军

时，雅典娜是一个重要的女神。她代表

智慧。雅典娜是黑桃皇后。

10. Queen Elizabeth I of England is

thought to be the Queen of Clubs, She

ruled England when America was mostly a

wilderness.

英国的伊利沙白一世女王一般认

为是梅花王后。在她统治英国的时代，

美国几乎还是一片荒野。

11. The Jacks are sometimes called

Knaves. A Knave is usually a person who

gets into trouble. But the playing cards

stand for famous knights in history. These

men made themselves famous for their

courage and bravery, but they were not

kings.

杰克牌有时被称为无赖。一个无

赖往往意味着他是一个带来麻烦的人。

但是在扑克游戏中杰克代表历史上有名

的爵士。这些人以他们的胆量和勇敢成

名，但是他们不是国王。

12. The Joker of the card deck is the

one that doesn't always fit. He is

sometimes used as an extra card. He

sometimes becomes more powerful than

any other card. He does not stand for

anyone person like some of the other cards.

But I think that you can see what his name

means.

鬼牌是一张牌脸与其价值不相适

应的牌。它常常用做一张特别的牌。有

时它被用做比任何牌更有权利的牌。它

不像其它牌脸代表着什么人。但是，我

认为你能看出它的名字的含义。

13. So, you see that you can hold

some history in your hands. History from

King David to Queen Elizabeth is all on

the front of playing cards.

所以，你看，你用你的手握住了

一些历史，从大卫王到伊利沙白女王全

都在扑克的正面。

12. An Epoch-making Toast.（划

时代的祝酒词.）

Mr. Prime Minister and all of your

distinguished guests this evening:

总理先生、今夜在座的诸位贵宾：

1. On behalf of all of your American

guests, I wish to thank you for the

incomparable hospitality for which the

Chinese people are justly famous

throughout the world. I particularly want

to pay tribute, not only to those who

prepared the magnificent dinner, but also

to those who have provided the splendid

music. Never have I heard American

music played better in a foreign land.

我谨代表你们的所有美国客人向

你们表示感谢，感谢你们的无可比拟的

盛情款待。中国人民以这种盛情款待而

闻名世界。我不仅要特别赞扬那些准备

了这次盛大晚宴的人，而且还要赞扬那

些给我们演奏这样美好的音乐的人。我

在外国从来没有听到过演奏得这么好的

美国音乐。

2. Mr. Prime Minister, I wish to thank

you for your very gracious and eloquent

remarks. At this very moment, through the

wonder of telecommunications, more

people are seeing and hearing what we say

than on any other such occasion in the

whole history of the world. Y et what we

say here will not be long remembered.

What we do here can change the world.

总理先生，我要感谢你的非常亲

12

切和雄辩的讲话。就在这个时刻，通过电讯的奇迹，看到和听到我们讲话的人比在整个世界历史上任何其他这样的场合都要多。不过，我们在这里讲的话，人们不会长久记住。我们在这里所做的事却能改变世界。

3. As you said in your toast, the Chinese people are a great people, the American people are a great people. If our two peoples are enemies, the future of this world we share together is dark indeed. But if we can find common ground to work together, the chance for world peace is immeasurably increased.

正如你在祝酒词中讲的那样，中国人民是伟大的人民，美国人民是伟大的人民。如果我们两国人民为敌的话，那么我们共同居住的这个世界的前途就的确是黑暗的了。但是，如果我们能够找到进行合作的共同点，那么实现世界和平的机会就无可估量地大大增加了。

4. In the spirit of frankness which I hope will characterize our talks this week, let us recognize at the outset these points: We have at times in the past been enemies. We have great differences today. What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend those differences. As we discuss our differences, neither of us will compromise our principles. But while we cannot close the gulf between us,

we can try to bridge it so that we may be

able to talk across it.

我希望我们这个星期的会谈将是

坦率的。本着这种坦率的精神，让我们

一开始就认识到这样几点：在过去的一

些时期我们曾是敌人。今天我们有巨大

的分歧。使我们走到一起的，是我们有

超过这些分歧的共同利益。我们在讨论

我们的分歧的时候，我们哪一方都不会

在我们的原则上妥协。但是，虽然我们

不能弥合我们之间的鸿沟，我们却能够

设法搭一座桥，以便我们能够越过它进

行会谈。

5. So, let us, in these next five days,

start a long march together, not in lockstep,

but on different roads leading to the same

goal, the goal of building a world structure

of peace and justice in which all may stand

together with equal dignity and in which

each nation, large of small, has a right to

determine its own form of government,

free of outside interference or domination.

The world watches. The world listens. The

world waits to see what we will do. What

is the world? In a personal sense, I think of

my eldest daughter whose birthday is

today. As I think of her, I think of all the

children in the world, in Asia, in Africa, in

Europe, in the Americas, most of whom

were born since the date of the foundation

of the People's Republic of China.

因此，让我们在今后的五天里在

一起开始一次长征吧，不是在一起迈步，

而是在不同的道路上向同一目标前进。

这个目标就是建立一个和平和正义的世

界结构：在这个世界结构中，所有的人

都可以在一起享有同等的尊严；在这个

世界结构中，每个国家，不论大小，都

有权利决定自己的政府形式，不受外来

的干涉或统治。全世界在注视着。全世

界在倾听着。全世界在等待着看我们将

做些什么。这个世界是什么呢?就个人来

讲，我想到我的大女儿，因为今天是她

的生日。当我想到她的时候，我就想到

全世界的儿童，想到亚洲、非洲、欧洲

以及美洲的儿童，他们大多数都是在中

华人民共和国成立以后出生的。

6. What legacy shall we leave our

children? Are they destined to die for the

hatreds which have plagued the old world,

or are they destined to live because we

have the V ision to build a new world?

我们将给我们的孩子们留下什么

遗产呢?他们的命运是怀着对旧世界中

的苦难的仇恨而死亡呢，还是由于我们

有缔造一个新世界的远见而活下去呢?

7. There is no reason for us to be

enemies. Neither of us seeks the territory

of the other; neither of us seeks

domination over the other; neither of us

seeks to stretch out our hands and rule the

world.

我们没有理由要成为敌人。我们

哪一方都不企图取得对方的领土，我们

哪一方都不企图统治对方，我们哪一方

都不企图伸出手去统治世界。

8. Chairman Mao has written, "So

many deeds cry out to be done, and always

urgently; / The world rolls on, / Time

presses. / Ten thousand years are too long,

/ Seize the day, seize the hour!" This is the

hour. This is the day for our two peoples to

rise to the heights of greatness which can

build a new and a better world.

毛主席写过：“多少事，从来急；

天地转，光阴迫。一万年太久，只争朝

夕。”现在就是只争朝夕的时候了，是我

们两国人民攀登那种可以缔造一个新

的、更美好的世界的伟大事业的高峰的

时候了。

9. In that spirit, I ask all of you

present to join me in raising your glasses

to Chairman Mao, to Prime Minister Chou,

and to the friendship of the Chinese and

American people which can lead to

friendship and peace for all people in the

world.

本着这种精神，我请求诸位同我

一起举杯，为毛主席，为周总理，为能

13

够导致全世界所有人民的友谊与和平的中国人民和美国人民之间的友谊，干杯。

13. The Delight of Books.（书之乐趣）.

1. Books are to mankind what memory is to the individual. They contain the history of our race, the discoveries we have made, the accumulated knowledge and experience of ages; they picture for us the marvels and beauties of nature, help us in our difficulties, comfort us in sorrow and in suffering, change hours of weariness into moments of delight, store our minds with ideas, fill them with good and happy thoughts, and lift us out of and above ourselves.

书籍之于全人类，犹如记忆力之于个人。书籍记录了我们人类的历史，记录了我们的新发现，也记录了我们世世代代积累的知识和经验：书籍为我们描绘了自然界的奇观和美景；书籍帮助我们摆脱困境，在我们悲哀困苦的时候，给我们以安慰，在我们烦闷的时刻带来欢乐，给我们的头脑装进各种观念，使我们的脑海充满了美妙高尚的思想，从而使我们超越自我，高于自我。

2. There is an oriental story of two men: one was a king, who every night dreamt he was a beggar; the other was a beggar, who every night dreamt he was a

prince and lived in a palace. I am not sure

that the king had very much the best of it.

Imagination is sometimes more vivid than

reality. But, however this may be, when

we read we may not only (if we wish it) be

kings and live in palaces, but, what is far

better, we may transport ourselves to the

mountains or the seashore, and visit the

most beautiful parts of the earth, without

fatigue, inconvenience, or expense.

有一个东方的故事，谈到了两个

人：其中一个是国王，他每晚梦见自己

成为一个乞丐；另一个是乞丐，他每晚

梦见自己成了一个王子，住进了王宫。

我不知道国王是否真正成了乞丐。想象

有时比现实更加生动。然而，不管怎么

样，我们读书时，不仅可以成为国王，

住在王宫里，—假如我们想成为国王的

话，而且更妙的是，我们可以神驰群山，

或畅游海滨，我们也可遍访世界上最美

丽的地方，而无须经受任何劳顿，也没

有什么不方便，更无须花费分文。

3. Many of those who have had, as

we say, all that this world can give, have

yet told us they owed much of their purest

happiness to books. Ascham, in "The

Schoolmaster", tells a touching story of his

last visit to Lady Jane Grey. He found her

sitting in an oriel window reading Plato's

beautiful account of the death of Socrates.

Her father and mother were hunting in the

park, the hounds were in full cry and their

voices came in through the open window.

He expressed his surprise that she had not

joined them. But, said she, "I wist that all

their pleasure in the park is but a shadow

to the pleasure I find in Plato."

我们说，许多人拥有这个世界能

给予的一切，然而他们却告诉我们，他

们真正的幸福在很大程度上还是得之于

书籍。阿斯克姆在《教师》一书中生动

地叙述了他最后一次去拜访简·格雷小

姐的经过。他看到她正坐在一个飘窗下，

阅读柏拉图关于苏格拉底之死的有趣描

述。她的父母正在猎苑打猎，猎狗正引

吭狂吠，狺狺之声通过开着的窗子传进

了屋内。他感到奇怪，问她为什么没有

跟父母一起去打猎。她却回答说：“我觉

得他们在猎苑狩猎所得到的乐趣与我读

柏拉图所得到的乐趣相比乃是微不足道

的。”

4. Macaulay had wealth and fame,

rank and power, and yet he tells us in his

biography that he owed the happiest hours

of his life to books. In a charming letter to

a little girl, he says, "Thank you for your

very pretty letter, I am always glad to

make my little girl happy, and nothing

pleases me so much as to see that she likes

books, for when she is as old as I am, she

will find that they are better than all the

tarts and cakes, toys and plays, and sights

in the world. If any one would make me

the greatest king that ever lived, with

palaces and gardens and fine dinners, and

wines and coaches, and beautiful clothes,

and hundreds of servants, on condition

that I should not read books, I would not

be a king; I would rather be a poor man in

a garret with plenty of books than a king

who did not love reading. "

麦考利既有财富又有声望，既有

地位又有权势，然而他在传记中告诉我

们，他生活中最幸福的时刻还是读书。

他在给一个小女孩的一封信中风趣地写

道：“谢谢你给我写了一封有趣的信。能

叫我的小女孩愉快，我总是感到非常欣

慰，没有什么能比看到她喜欢书籍更教

我高兴的了。因为当她到了像我现在这

样年龄的时候，她会发现，书籍比所有

馅饼和糕点、玩具和游戏以及世界上所

有的名胜更吸引人。真要是有人拥戴我

为世上最显赫的国王，拥有宫殿花园、

珍肴美味、佳酿华辇、龙袍华衮，以及

成群成群的奴仆，但若不让我读书，我

则决不愿为国王，我宁愿做一个穷人，

与众多书籍为伴，蜗居阁楼斗室，也不

愿成为一个不爱读书的国王。”

5. Books, indeed, endow us with a

14

whole enchanted palace of thoughts, there is a wider prospect, says Jean Paul Richter, from Parnassus than from a throne. In one way they give us an even more vivid idea than the actual reality, just as reflections are often more beautiful than real nature. "All mirrors," says George Macdonald, "The commonest room is a room in a poem when I look in the glass."

事实上，书籍赋予我们一个思想魔宫。吉恩·保尔·里希特尔曾说，从帕纳萨斯看景色，比坐在宝座上看，视野更开阔。从某种意义上说，书籍给我们的形象比现实的东西更生动，正如影像往往比真实的风景更美丽。“书是反映现实的镜子，”乔治·麦克唐纳这么说过，“从镜子中看时，最普通的房间也是诗一样美的房间了。”

6. Precious and priceless are the blessings which the books scatter around our daily paths. We walk, in imagination, with the noblest spirits, through the most sublime and enchanting regions.

在我们日常生活的途程中，书籍所赐予的恩惠是最宝贵的、无价的。在无限的遐思中，怀着最崇高的精神，我们漫步在最高尚、最炫丽的境界。

7. Without stirring from our firesides we may roam to the most remote regions of the earth, or soar into realms where Spenser's shapes of unearthly beauty flock

to meet us, where Milton's angels peal in

our ears the choral hymns of Paradise.

Science, art, literature, philosophy,—all

that man has thought, all that man has

done,—the experience that has been

bought with the sufferings of a hundred

generations,—all are garnered up for us in

the world of books.

无须离开家门，我们便可遨游世

界上最遥远的地方，可以飞到斯宾塞笔

下的梦境般的王国，那里会有成群的仙

女结队欢迎我们；也可飞到弥尔顿描绘

的天国，那里天使们合唱的天国赞美诗

如雷贯耳。科学、艺术、文学及哲学，

所有这一切人类思想行为的结晶，还有

我们祖祖辈辈经受了无数磨难而获得的

经验，都为我们贮藏在书籍的世界里了。

14.The Moon-Riddle from the Past.

（月球—来自远古之谜）.

1. Spacecraft from the United States

and from Russia have been to the moon,

and men have walked upon its surface.

Rock and soil samples and information of

many other kinds have become available

in recent years. Y et with all we know

about the moon, there is even more that

we don't know.

美国和俄国的宇宙飞船都已经到

达过月球，而且人类也在它的表面上行

走过。月球上的岩石和土壤的样本，以

及许多其它类型的信息，近些年来已经

为人们所知所用了。然而除了我们所知

道的关于月球的那些外，还有更多是我

们不知道的。

2. Following the end of the Apollo

space program, the National Geographic

Society published an excellent set of

articles about the moon. Here, in shorter

form, are some questions and answers

from one of these articles. For the full

story, see the September, 1973, issue of

National Geographic.

在阿波罗太空计划结束后，国家

地理协会出版了一组有关月球的极好文

章。这里，以简短的形式截取了其中一

篇文章重的部分问答。完整的内容，请

见1973年九月发行的《国家地理》。

W ere scientists right about what

the moon would be like?

科学家关于“月球外貌”的描述是

正确的吗？

3. Many were, of course, but many

were mistaken. One said there was no lava

on the moon. Another said that the moon

material would explode as soon as an

astronaut's boot touched it. One said there

would certainly be water on the moon.

Many felt there was a chance that the

astronauts could bring back to earth some

strange infection. These ideas are now

known to be incorrect, and no doubt we

are still wrong about many other things,

also.

大多数是正确的，当然，也有相

当部分是错误的。一个说法是月球上没

有熔岩。另外一个说法是宇航员的靴子

一旦碰上月球物质就会爆炸。有人说月

球确实存在水。许多人还认为宇航员有

可能把某些奇怪的传染病菌带回地球。

这些说法现在被证明都是不正确的，无

疑，我们关于月球的许多其它的看法是

错误的。

Is the moon like the earth?

月球像地球吗？

4. Y es and no. It is more like it than

many scientists thought before Apollo.

Like the earth, the moon is in layers, with

a crust on the outside and a deep mantle

below. It may also have a core, as the earth

does. However, the crust is almost four

times thicker than the earth's crust. We do

not know much yet about the moon's

mantle, that section of superheated rock

which goes down hundreds of miles below

the crust. We think-but we are not

sure-that the moon has a center core which

includes molten rock, as the earth does.

答案是，像也不像。月球比科学

15

家在阿波罗计划之前想象的还要像地球。如同地球一样，月球上有地层，表面是一层地壳，其下是很深的地幔。月球也可能如同地球一样有一个地核。然而，月球地壳几乎是地球地壳厚度的四倍。我们对月球地幔所知不多，那些过热的岩石在外壳几百英里以下。我们预料，但是我们不能确定，月球有一个由熔岩构成的地核，如同地球。

5. In other ways, of course, the moon is very different. There is no life, and there is no water. The makeup of its atmosphere is very different; the earth creatures cannot breathe in it.

在其它的方面，当然，月球非常不同。它没有生命，没有水。它的大气的构成也非常不同，地球生物在那里不能呼吸。

Of what is the moon made?

月球是由什么构成的？

6. Definitely not green cheese. It has the same chemical elements as have the earth and the rest of the solar system but in very different amounts-more of some, less of others. Carbon, which is a very important part of living things on the earth, is rare on the moon.

很明显不是绿色奶酪。月球有如同地球和其余太阳系行星一样的化学元素，但是其比率非常不同，某些多一点，其它少一些。碳是地球上生物的一个非

常重要组成部分，在月球上非常稀少。

Is the moon hot or cold?

月球是酷热的还是寒冷的？

7. Most scientists agree that some of

the moon was hot for at least a time.

Rocks from the moon show that they were

once melted. Right now there seems to be

heat someplace inside the moon, possibly

a great deal of it. On the surface, however,

there is no sign of heat-no volcano, for

example. The surface itself ranges from

heat of 230℉to cold of minus 290

℉,depending upon where the sun is.

大多数的科学家认为月球的一部

分至少在一个时期是热的。来自月球的

岩石表明它们曾经被融化。现在，似乎

在月球内部的某些地方仍处于高温，也

可能它是很大的一片地方，然而在表面

上，没有高温的特征，例如没有火山。

月球表面温度范围从华氏正230度到华

氏负290度，取决于太阳在什么地方。

Where did the moon come from?

月球来自哪里呢？

8. We don't know. The three main

theories (ideas) are (1) that the moon was

born from the earth, (2) that the earth and

the moon were born together at the same

time from the same cloud of gas and dust,

and (3) that the moon was born someplace

else in the solar system and then captured

by the earth's gravity. So far, none of these

theories has been proved to be either right

or wrong. Professor George W.Wetherill of

the University of California in Los

Angeles says that he would give the first

two theories each a 10 percent chance and

the third theory a 20 percent chance. The

other 60 percent he would give to "things

we haven't thought of yet."

我们不知道。主要存在着三个理

论：（1）月球产生自地球，（2）地球和

月球在同一时间从同一气云和尘埃里同

时产生，（3）月球是产生在太阳系的其

它某个地方，而后被地球的地心引力所

捕获。到现在为止，这些理论中没有任

何一个已经被证明正确或错误。洛杉矶

加州大学的乔治教授说，他认为前两个

理论有百分之十的正确性，第三个理论

有百分之二十的正确性，另外的百分之

六十他将给“至今我们都还没想到的事

物”。

9. In spite of all we have learned

from space flights, the moon is still a

riddle from the distant past-and will be for

a long time to come. Although we know

much more now, we find that, somehow,

for every answer new questions spring up.

尽管我们已经从空间飞行中了解

了一些，月球仍然是来自遥远过去的一

个谜，而且仍将会在未来很长一段时间

如此。尽管我们现在比过去知道的更多，

但是我们也发现，不知何故，每个新答

案都会引发出更多的新问题。

15.How Animals Hear.（动物如何

听到声音）

1. When we talk about ears, we

usually mean the oddly wrinkled

appendages on the sides of our heads.

当我们提到耳朵，通常指那个生

长在我们头部两侧的奇怪的褶皱的附属

肢体。

2. We are aware that at the end of the

central hole in this outer ear there is

something called the middle ear, with an

eardrum and a few little bones. Even

deeper lies the inner ear, the organ with

which we "hear".

我们知道，在外耳中孔的底部有

东西称为中耳，它由一个耳鼓和一些小

骨骼构成。而真正能使我们“听”的器

官在更深处的内耳。

3. Animals such as dogs and cats also

have conspicuous outer ears, but few of us

probably ever stopped to think whether

there might be such a thing as a middle

and inner ear beneath those pointed tips.

Y et, we know very well that these animals

hear.

16

诸如猫和狗这样的动物也有引人注目的外耳，但很少人能够停下来去想，在竖立的尖儿下面，是否那里也有类似于中耳和内耳的东西。但是我们很清楚地知道这些动物都能够听到。

4. Birds are even more mysterious, because here we do not even see an outer ear. The same is true to still a larger degree of such animals as frogs and fishes, although in the frog we can at least see an eardrum.

鸟类甚至更为神秘，因为我们甚至看不到它们有一个外耳。还有很大数量的动物如青蛙和鱼类也是如此，虽然我们至少可以看到青蛙有一个耳鼓。

5. Again, at one time or another, you may have found that all such animals hear. Hunters know that birds are attracted by artificial calls, and fishermen emphasize that you should be as quiet(原文quite) as possible if you don't want to go home empty handed. And if you ever hunted frogs in your childhood, you know how softly you had to tread! Moreover, it seems absurd that birds should sing and frogs croak, if they could not even hear their own voices.

此外，你可能曾经发现所有的这些动物都在听。猎人们知道鸟类会被人造的声音所吸引，渔夫们则强调，如果你不想空手而归的话就要尽可能的安

静。如果你在童年抓过青蛙，你应该知

道要多么轻柔地走动。说实在，青蛙在

叫，鸟儿在唱，如果它们甚至听不到自

己发出的声音，岂不荒谬。

6. By direct observations and many

experiments, biologists have discovered

that practically all animals have some

sense of hearing or vibration. Earthworms

feel vibrations in the soil, fish can be

trained to respond to certain tones, male

mosquitoes are attracted by the sound of

the female, and frogs will respond to a

tape recording of their own voices.

通过直接观察和许多试验，生物

学家已经发现，实际上所有的动物都具

有某种听觉或振动感。蚯蚓在土壤里能

感觉震动，鱼类可以训练的对特定的音

调有反应，雄性蚊子可以被雌性蚊子的

声音所吸引，青蛙对它们自己的声音的

录音有所反应。

7. The inner ear is composed of

delicate membranes which bear dense

patches of specialized cells called maculae.

Each of these collections of cells can carry

a message to the brain. What message is

carried by a macula depends upon how it

is affected. The message which is carried

is not, however, always connected with the

hearing sense. For instance, a certain kind

of tadpole can tell the depth of the water it

is swimming in by the pitch of a tone

which is produced by its own lungs.

内耳由脆弱的薄膜构成，它承载

着密集的由被称作斑疹的特殊细胞构成

的片。每个这样的细胞群都能够把信息

传递给大脑，而斑疹承载怎样的信息依

赖于它是怎样受影响的。但是被承载的

信息并不总是与听觉相连。举个例子，

有一种蝌蚪能感知它所游泳之处水的深

度，它是通过某种自己肺部产生的声音

的音调来判定的。

8. In the human and all other

mammals, the macula has developed into

an organ which can easily be seen. This

organ is called the cochlea. This spiral

shaped organ contains the macula itself

and it is called "organ of Corti" after its

discoverer. If you have ever seen a snail

shell, you know how a cochlea looks.

对于人类和其他所有哺乳类动物

来说，斑疹已经进化成为一种很容易看

见的器官，这种器官称作“耳蜗”。这一

螺旋形的器官包括了MACULAE本身，

以及后来被其发现者称为“CORTI”的

器官。如果你看到过蜗牛的壳，你就知

道耳蜗的形象。

9. When sound waves enter the

cochlea, which is really a tube coiled

around, they set a membrane into a back

and forth motion and cause a new wave.

This is something like the way in which

high and low sounds are produced by a

flute or whistle. The high sounds are

produced when the air is prevented by the

holes from going through, while the low

sounds are produced by allowing more of

the air to pass. All this is what produces

the differences between high and low

sounds. The loudness of a sound is

evidently produced by how much the

membrane is cause to move.

当声波进入耳蜗这条盘旋的管

道，它令薄膜前后移动并且产生新的波

动。这种方式类似于长笛或是哨子所产

生的高低音。当洞穴被阻挡导致空气不

能通过通道时就产生高音，而有更多空

气通过通道时则产生低音。这些造成了

高音和低音的不同。而声音的大小则明

显的决定于耳膜运动。

10. Whether or not hearing is really

produced in all animals by the effect of

pressure is not definitely known by

scientists as yet. We do know, however,

that nature has set up some very delicate

hearing mechanisms for its creatures.

Scientists must explore much further for

more knowledge about how animals use

their ears.

对于所有的动物来说，听觉是否

17

真的因为气压的影响而产生，至今科学家们仍然没有明确的了解。但是我们知道，自然界已经为它的生物们建立了一些非常精细的听觉机制。科学家们必须进行更加深入地探讨才能够对动物如何应用它们的耳朵获得更多的知识。

16.A World without Oil.（假如世界没有石油）

1. Have you ever stopped to think how your life would change if the world ran out of oil? Take a look at your day. The roof of your home is probably made waterproof by an oil product, bitumen. The same product is used for the road surface outside your home. Before you leave to go to work or school, just examine your surroundings. Is the room warmer than the cold air outside? Oil, or electricity from oil-fed generators may be keeping you comfortably warm. If you are comfortably cool in a tropical climate, your air conditioning unit may also depend on oil-fed generators.

你曾想过没有，如果世界上用尽了石油，你的生活会发生什么样变化呢？请看一看你的日常生活。你家的屋顶可能是用一种叫沥青的石油产品做成防水的。沥青同样可用来铺你家外面的路面。在你离家去上班或上学之前，请观察一下你周围的环境。房间里会比外

面冷空气暖和吗？这是石油或由燃油发

电机发出来的电使你感到舒适温暖。如

果你在炎热的气候里感到舒适凉爽，那

么你家的空调器可能也是靠燃油发电机

工作的。

2. In the kitchen and the bathroom

you will probably see some plastic fittings

such as tiles and working surfaces;

polystyrene cups; curtains made from

synthetic materials; disinfectants and

detergents. All owe their origin to the oil

known as petroleum (Latin/Greek 'petra',

rock, and Latin 'oleum', oil), found deep in

the earth. Look inside the medicine

cupboard for more petroleum products,

medical paraffin and petroleum jelly.

Cosmetics such as face creams, lipsticks

and hair preparations are often based on

petroleum.

在厨房和浴室里你可能看到一些

塑料器具，如塑料地板和塑料操作台面、

聚苯乙烯杯子、合成材料的浴帘、消毒

剂和去污剂。所有这些都是来自称为

“Petroleum”的石油。“Petroleum”(石

油)是(由拉丁或希腊文"petro"(岩石)和拉

丁文"oleum"(油)组成)，深埋在地下。向

药厨里看看，你可以找到更多的石油产

品，如药用石蜡和凡士林。化妆品如雪

花膏、唇膏、洗发剂等，常用石油作为

基本原料。

3. When you're out, notice the fields

and gardens. Fertilizers and insecticides

made from petroleum can improve crop

production. Recently protein feeds for

animals have been developed by growing

yeast in a petroleum based stock. As you

head for your bus, train or car, all of which

use petroleum products in the form of fuel

to move them and lubricants to keep them

in working order, take a look in the mirror.

What are you wearing today? A polyester

shirt or dress, nylon socks or stockings,

and acrylic sweater-a raincoat of PVC

(polyvinyl chloride)? All of these are

based on petroleum products.

当外出时你会看到农田和花园。

化肥和杀虫剂是由石油制取的，可以使

农作物增产。最近已经研制出一种动物

食用的蛋白质饲料，它是用石油作为基

本原料加上酵母而制成的。公共汽车、

货车或小轿车，都是靠石油产品作燃料

开动的，用润滑油保持这些车辆正常工

作。当你去乘车之前要照一照镜子。看

看今天穿什么衣服好？是化纤服装（衬

衫还是外套），是尼龙袜（短袜还是长

袜），晴纶毛衣还是塑料雨衣？而所有这

些都是用石油产品作原料的。

4. Scientists predict that the world's

known oil resources will run out early in

the next century. But long before then the

world will have to decide on its priorities.

Can we afford to use so much of our

limited petroleum supplies for private

motoring? Should airlines compete on

similar routes allowing planes to fly long

distances with empty passenger seats?

What alternative energy resources can be

developed?

科学家预言世界上已探明的石油

资源将在下个世纪初用尽。但远在那时

候以前，世界就必须确定石油是优先考

虑控制使用的物资。石油储量既然有限，

我们还能把那么多的石油用于私人汽车

吗？难道航空公司还应该为了在类似的

航线上竞争而允许他们的客机有空座的

长途飞行吗？能开发出什么样的替代能

源呢？

5. There is an old English saying,

"Necessity is the mother of invention,"

which means that when you are faced with

a need you will discover some way of

fulfilling it. Already scientists are

proposing some fascinating solutions.

There is one suggestion that the wheeled

traffic and the footsteps of crowds walking

the streets in major cities could generate

energy. One company has presented an

idea in which metal strips inserted in

pavements and roads operate fly wheels by

18

means of a piston action using hydraulic fluid. They say the human and wheeled traffic in a busy city center could provide enough energy to light the streets of an entire town or power the heating system for a hospital or school. Some people are developing sophisticated versions of the windmill. Engines can run on alcohol, so surplus sugar cane could be used to produce energy. An air ship powered by energy from the sun has been suggested. Such "sun ship" would have a large enough surface area to carry the enormous number of solar cells necessary to move any appreciable load. Such "sun ship" might travel at over one hundred kilometers an hour. In such circumstances, of course, the tropical parts of the world would have a head start in the race to find new energy sources.

英国有一句古话“需要是发明之母”。这意味着当你面对一种需要时，你将发现一种方法满足它。科学家们已经在提出一些迷人的解决方案。有一个建议提出，在大城市街道上，拥挤的人群走的脚步和路面上往来行使的车辆可以用来生产能量。一个公司提出这样想法：嵌在人行道和路面上的金属条用液压活塞的作用使飞轮转动。他们说，在繁华大城市的中心，人群和过往车辆可提供足够的能量为整个城镇的街道照明或者

为一个医院或学校提供供暖系统的动

力。某些人正在研制高级的风车技术。

发动机可用乙醇作燃料开动，因此，过

剩的甘蔗可用来产生能量。还有人建议

用太阳能作动力来驱使飞艇。这种“太

阳能飞艇”必须要很大的面积以携带大

量的太阳能电池，这样才有可能运载可

观的载荷。这种“太阳能飞艇”也许每

小时能航行100多公里。当然倘若这样，

世界的热带地区在寻找新能源的竞赛中

将会领先一步。

17. If Lincoln Had Used a

Computer.（如果林肯使用过计算

机……）

1. The ad for a software program

caught my eye. It said, "Write better in 30

days or your money back."

有一则计算机软件的广告引起了

我的注意。它说：“要是30天之内不能

提高你的写作能力，就将原款退还。”

2. I'm familiar with computer

programs that correct spelling through the

use of built-in dictionaries. But the ad for

this program said that it would correct

"stylistic errors".

我熟悉那些通过使用内建字典来

纠正拼写错误的计算机程序。但是，这

则软件广告却说，它能纠正“文体错误”。

3. Style. That's a big part of what

writing is about. So I stopped by the

computer store to give it a test run. I

wanted to see what the program would say

about one of my favorite pieces of writing.

文体对于写作关系可是很重大

的。因此，我在那家计算机商店停下来，

准备试一试这个程序。我想看一看它会

对我所喜爱的一篇文章说些什么。

4. I typed it into the computer. Then

the computer printed out a critique. Here it

is:

我把文章输进了计算机。接着，

计算机屏幕上显示出了一段评语。下文

便是：

5. Four score and seven years ago our

fathers brought forth on this continent a

new nation, conceived in Liberty, and

dedicated to the proposition that all men

are created equal. [Long sentences can be

difficult to read and understand. Consider

revising so that no more than one

complete thought is expressed in each

sentence. Passive voice: "are created."

Consider using active. Usually a paragraph

should have more than one sentence.]

87年前，我们的先辈在这个大陆

上缔造了一个新国家。她以自由为立国

之本，坚决奉行所有的人生来平等的原

则。

6. Now we are engaged [Passive

voice: "are engaged." Consider using

active. See "Help" key for more

information.] in a great civil war, testing

whether that nation, or any nation so

conceived and so dedicated, can long

endure. We are met [Passive voice: "are

met." Consider using active.] on a great

battle field of that war. We have come to

dedicated a portion of that field, as a final

resting place for those who here gave their

lives that that [Delete doubled word.]

nation might live. It is altogether fitting

and proper that we should do this.

目前我们正在进行一场伟大的内

战，这场战争正考验我国，或者任何在

自由中诞生并奉行上述原则的国家能否

永存。我们在这场伟大战争的战场上聚

会。把这战场之一角奉献给那些为国家

生存而捐躯的人们，作为他们的最后安

息之地。我们完全应该这样做。

7. But, [Use "But" sparingly to start a

sentence.] in a larger sense, we cannot

dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot

hallow this ground. The brave men, living

and dead, who struggled here, have

consecrated it, far above our poor power to

add or detract. The world will little note

nor long remember [An adjective "long" is

usually not followed by a verb

19

"remember." Y ou may need to use an adverbial form of "long" or a comma before "remember. "] what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather [This word usually adds little and should be omitted.] to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which ["That" is almost always preferred in this situation. If you really mean "which," then it usually needs to be preceded by a comma, See "Help" key for more information.] they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather [This word usually adds little and should be omitted.] for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us: that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly revolve that these dead [Usually "these" should be followed by a plural noun.] shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. [Problems detected: 13.]

但是从更广泛的意义上来说，我们无权把这块土地奉献给他们，也无力神圣化这片土地。那些活着的和死去的，曾在这里战斗过的英雄，才使这片土地

成为神圣之地，而非我们的微薄之力所

能增减。世人不会注意也不会长久记得

我们今天在这里说了些什么，但是勇士

们在这里做过的事将永远不会被忘记。

倒是我们这些活着的人，应该继续英雄

们为之战斗并使之前进的未竟事业。我

们应该要更加忠诚于先烈为之牺牲的事

业，为摆在我们面前的伟大任务继续献

身；我们在这里下定决心不能让他们的

鲜血白流；这个国家，在上帝的保佑下

将获得自由的新生。这个民有、民治、

民享的政府将与世长存。

8. That's something. As often as I've

read this speech, getting a lump in my

throat every time. I've never detected one

stylistic problem, much less 13. Shows

how little I know.

真是奇迹!每当我阅读这篇演讲

词的时候，总感觉心情激动，如鲠在喉。

我却从未发现过它有一处文体错误，更

不用说它有13处错误了。这表明我的知

识何等贫乏啊!

9. But I suppose we really shouldn't

expect anything better from someone who

grew up in a log cabin, hoofed to a

oneroom Schoolhouse and never made it

to college.

但是，我们不应该苛求一个在小

木屋里长大，徒步到那所只有一间屋子

的学校上学，后来也没有上成大学的人，

他也不可能把话讲得再好了。

10. We might remember, though, that

Abe Lincoln was at a stylistic

disadvantage when he wrote his

Gettysburg Address. The poor guy didn't

have a "Help" key to push.

然而，我们也许应当记住：亚

伯·林肯写葛底斯堡演讲稿时，他实在

没有很好的条件来讲求文体修辞。可怜

的家伙那时并没有计算机上的“求助”

键可使用。(本篇原文中括号内的斜体字

因文字浅显，故不加译文。－－编者)

18. How Americans Eat and Drink

（美国人的饮食）.

1. Coca-Cola is the best-selling soft

(non-alcoholic) drink in the world. 165

million "Cokes" are sold every day, from

the equator to the Arctic. But whereas

outside the USA Coke tends to be a young

person's drink, inside the USA anybody of

any age or income can drink it without

embarrassment on any occasion.

可口可乐是全世界销路最好的软

饮料(不含酒精的饮料)。从赤道到北极，

可口可乐每天的销售量为1、65亿瓶。

在美国，任何人，不论年龄大小、收入

多少，都可以在任何场合饮用可口可乐

而不至于有任何不自在的感觉。但在美

国之外，可口可乐往往是青年人的饮料。

2. Coke is not the only "cola" drink.

Pepsi Cola is a well-known rival and has

its devotees, for it is not as sweet as Coke.

Cola drinks contain caffeine from the kola

nut and are the only soft drinks which are

stimulating as well as refreshing.

可口可乐不是唯一的可乐饮料。

百事可乐是它的著名竞争对手并拥有自

己的爱好者，因为它不像可口可乐那么

甜。可乐饮料含有从可拉果中提取的咖

啡因，并且是唯一的既可提神又有刺激

性的软饮料。

3. There are excellent wines produced

in California which are praised by

European connoisseurs, but some

Americans prefer stronger stuff. Well-off

Americans consume a lot of alcohol in the

form of cocktails—mixtures based on

spirits like whisky, gin and vodka.

加利福尼亚生产的优质葡萄酒得

到欧洲的行家们的赞扬，但有些美国人

更喜欢烈性酒。很多美国人以喝鸡尾酒

的方式消费大量酒精，这种酒是用威士

忌、杜松子酒和伏特加之类的烈性酒调

制而成的。

4. Hamburgers and hot dogs are

perhaps the best known American foods.

Hot dogs—sausages between bread

rolls—can be bought in snack bars and

20