语法知识总结1

1. inclusive
1) having the total cost, or the cost of something that is mentioned, contained in the price 包含全部费用;包括所提到的费用在内 ~ (of sth)
The fully inclusive fare for the trip is £52. 这次旅行的全部费用是 52 英镑。
The rent is inclusive of water and heating. 租金包括水费和暖气费。
2)including all the days, months, numbers, etc. mentioned 包括提到的所有的天数(或月、数目等)在内 from… to… inclusive
We are offering free holidays for children aged two to eleven inclusive. 我们提供的度假活动,儿童从两岁到十一岁(含)免费。
The castle is open daily from May to October inclusive. 这个古堡从五月份到十月份(含)每天开放。
3)including a wide range of people, things, ideas, etc. 包容广阔的;范围广泛的
2. exclusive
1)only to be used by one particular person or group; only given to one particular person or group (个人或集体)专用的,专有的,独有的,独占的
The hotel has exclusive access to the beach. 这家旅馆有通向海滩的专用通道。
exclusive rights to televise the World Cup 世界杯赛的独家电视播放权
His mother has told ‘The Times’ about his death in an exclusive interview(= not given to any other newspaper). 他的母亲在接受《泰晤士报》的独家采访时谈到他的死亡。
2)of a group, society, etc. 团体、社团等 not very willing to allow new people to become members, especially if they are from a lower social class 排外的;不愿接收新成员的
He belongs to an exclusive club. 他参加的是一个不轻易吸收新会员的俱乐部。
3)of a high quality and expensive and therefore not often bought or used by most people 高档的;豪华的;高级的
an exclusive hotel 高级旅馆
exclusive designer shops/clothes 高档设计师品牌专卖店/服装
4)not able to exist or be a true statement at the same time as something else 排斥的;排他的
The two options are not mutually exclusive(= you can have them both). 这两种选择并不相互排斥。
5)not including somebody/something 不包括;不算;除…外 ~ of sb/sth
The price is for accommodation only, exclusive of meals. 此价只包括住宿,饭费除外。
3. extensive
1)covering a large area; great in amount 广阔的;广大的;大量的
The house has extensive grounds. 这栋房子有宽敞的庭院。
The fire caused extensive damage. 火灾造成了巨大的损失。
She suffered extensive injuries in the accident. 她在事故中受了重伤。
Extensive repair work is being carried out. 大规模的修缮工作正在进行。
an extensive range of wines 各种各样的葡萄酒
2)including or dealing with a wide range of information 广泛的;广博的
Extensive research has been done into this disease. 对这种疾病已进行了广泛研究。
His knowledge of music is extensive. 他音乐知识很

广博。
Derivative: extensively adverb
a spice used extensively in Eastern cooking 东方烹饪大量使用的香料
She has travelled extensively. 她游历甚广。
4. comprehensive
1)including all, or almost all, the items, details, facts, information, etc., that may be concerned 全部的;所有的;(几乎)无所不包的;详尽的
a comprehensive list of addresses 详尽的地址目录
a comprehensive report/study/survey 全面的报道╱研究╱调查
comprehensive insurance(= covering all risks) 综合保险
2)of education 教育 designed for students of all abilities in the same school 综合性的(接收各种资质的学生) British English
Derivative: comprehensiveness noun, uncountable
5. transaction
1)a piece of business that is done between people, especially an act of buying or selling (一笔)交易,业务,买卖 countable ~ (between A and B)
financial transactions between companies 公司之间的财务往来
commercial transactions 商业交易
2)the process of doing something 办理;处理 uncountable ~ of sth formal
the transaction of government business 处理政府事务
6. transmition
1)the act or process of passing something from one person, place or thing to another 传送;传递;传达;传播;传染 uncountable formal
the transmission of the disease/virus 疾病╱病毒的传播
the risk of transmission 传染的危险
2)the act or process of sending out an electronic signal or message or of broadcasting a radio or television programme (电子信号、信息或广播、电视节目的)播送,发射,发送,传输 uncountable formal
the transmission of computer data along telephone lines 计算机数据沿电话线的传输
a break in transmission(= of a radio or television broadcast)due to a technical fault 技术故障造成的播送中断
3)a radio or television message or broadcast (电台或电视)信息,广播 countable formal
a live transmission from Sydney 来自悉尼的现场直播
4)the system in a motor vehicle by which power is passed from the engine to the wheels (机动车的)传动装置,变速器 uncountable countable formal
7. transfer
1)the act of moving somebody/something from one place, group or job to another; an occasion when this happens 搬迁;转移;调动;变换 uncountable countable
data/information transfer 数据╱资料的转存
the transfer of currency from one country to another 货币从一国到另一国的汇划
He has asked for a transfer to the company's Paris branch. 他要求调到公司的巴黎分部。
After the election there was a swift transfer of power. 大选之后权力迅速交接。
2)the act of moving a sports player from one club or team to another (运动员)转会 uncountable countable
It was the first goal he had scored since his transfer from Chelsea. 这是他从切尔西队转会过来之后的第一记入球。
a transfer fee/reques

t 转会费╱请求
to be on the transfer list(= available to join another club) 上转会名单
3)an act of changing to a different place, vehicle or route when you are travelling (旅途中的)中转,换乘,改变路线 uncountable countable
The transfer from the airport to the hotel is included in the price. 票价包括从机场转车到旅馆的费用。
4)a ticket that allows a passenger to continue their journey on another bus or train 转车票;换乘票 countable American English
5)a picture or design that can be removed from a piece of paper and stuck onto a surface, for example by being pressed or heated 转印图画,转印图案(利用挤压或加热,可从纸上转印到物体的表面上)
8. whereby
noun
the place where somebody/something is (人或物)所在的地方;下落;行踪 U + sing./pl. verb
His whereabouts are/is still unknown. 他仍下落不明。
adverb
used to ask the general area where somebody/something is (用以询问大概的地方)在什么地方,在哪里
Whereabouts did you find it? 你在哪儿找到它的?
9. whereas
conjunction
used to compare or contrast two facts (用以比较或对比两个事实)然而,但是,尽管
Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not. 有一些研究结果令人满意,然而其他的则不然。
used at the beginning of a sentence in an official document to mean ‘because of the fact that…’ (用于正式文件中句子的开头)
10. whereby
by which; because of which 凭此;借以;由于 adverb formal
They have introduced a new system whereby all employees must undergo regular training. 他们采用了新的制度,所有的雇员都必须接受正规的培训。
11. wherefore
noun 理由,何故
12. wherein
in which place, situation or thing; in what way 其中;在那里;在那种情况下;以什么方式 adverb conjunction formal
an organization wherein each employee is valued and respected 其中的每个雇员都受到珍视和尊重的组织
Wherein lies the difference between conservatism and liberalism? 保守主义和自由主义的区别在哪里?
13. whereof
of what or which 关于什么;关于那个 conjunction old-use humorous
I know whereof I speak(= I know a lot about what I am talking about). 我知道自己在说些什么。
14. whereupon
and then; as a result of this 然后;于是;随之;据此;因此 conjunction written
He told her she was a liar, whereupon she walked out. 他对她说她在说谎,她便愤然而去。
15. revolution 革变,巨变,大变革
16. revelation
1)a fact that people are made aware of, especially one that has been secret and is surprising 被暴露的真相;被曝光的秘闻 countable ~ (about/concerning sth) ~ (that…)
startling/sensational revelations about her private life 对她的私生活令人吃惊的/哗众取宠的揭露
2)the act of making people aware of

something that has been secret 披露;揭露 uncountable ~ (of sth)
The company's financial problems followed the revelation of a major fraud scandal. 重大的欺诈丑闻被揭露之后,公司随之出现了财政问题。
3)something that is considered to be a sign or message from God (上帝的)启示 countable uncountable
Idiom: come as/be a revelation (to somebody)
to be a completely new or surprising experience; to be different from what was expected 让人大开眼界;令人耳目一新;出乎意料
His performance in the race today was a revelation to everyone. 他今天在赛跑中的表现出乎所有人的意料。
My trip to Texas was a revelation. 我这次去得克萨斯真是大开眼界。
17. evolution
1)the gradual development of plants, animals, etc. over many years, from simple to more complicated forms 进化 biology uncountable
the evolution of the human species 人类的进化
Darwin's theory of evolution 达尔文的进化论
2)the gradual development of something 演变;发展;渐进 uncountable
In politics Britain has preferred evolution to revolution(= gradual development to sudden violent change). 英国在政治上喜欢渐进而不喜欢革命。
18. resolution 决议,正式决定;(问题、纷争等的)解决,消除;坚定;坚决;有决心 ;清晰度;析像;分辨率 。
19. foresee 预料;预见;预知
20. 让步状语从句,as引导时倒装。(Young as she is.)
21. He is as bright a man as (定语从句) I have ever seen.
He is as bright a man as ever lived.
You can't take more money than you need.
You can't take more money than is needed.
22. at heart 本质 capitalize on 利用
23. set on sth/doing sth. 着手做 dispose sb to/ towards sth 使倾向于
blow one's own trumpet 吹牛,炫耀
24. suspend(vt.) 与 halt(vi.) 均为暂停, halt 无被动。
25. 与其说B,倒不如说A.
not so much A as B more B than A not more A than B not less A than B
26. more other than 正是...
27. being done
1) 动名词的被动 2)过去分词的进行体 意思:正在发生或和谓语动作同事发生。
28. payable 应付的
29. in consequence of as a consequence of in the aftermath of
30. become 可表示 与...相称
31. incidently: by the way
32. get round to (doing) sth: 腾出时间做...
33. get back at sb 对某人报复
34. readily 容易的,乐意的
35. in proportion to... 合乎...的比例
36. reveal
1)to make something known to somebody 揭示;显示;透露 ~ sth (to sb)
to reveal a secret 泄露一条秘密 VN
Details of the murder were revealed by the local paper. 地方报纸披露了谋杀的细节。
The report reveals (that) the company made a loss of £20 million last year. 报告显示,公司去年亏损 2/f000 万英镑。 V (that)
It was revealed that important evidence had been suppressed. 据透露,重要的证据被隐瞒了。 VN (that

)
Officers could not reveal how he died. 警察们不能透露他的死因。 V wh-
2)to show something that previously could not be seen 显出;露出;展示 VN
He laughed, revealing a line of white teeth. 他笑了起来,露出一排洁白的牙齿。
The door opened to reveal a cosy little room. 房门打开,一间温暖舒适的小屋展现在眼前。
She crouched in the dark, too frightened to reveal herself. 她蜷缩在黑暗中,吓得不敢露面。
37. revise
1)to change your opinions or plans, for example because of something you have learned 改变,修改(意见或计划) VN
I can see I will have to revise my opinions of his abilities now. 我明白我现在不得不改变对他的能力的看法了。
The government may need to revise its policy in the light of this report. 政府可能需要根据这份报告改变其政策。
2)to change something, such as a book or an estimate, in order to correct or improve it 修改,修订(书刊、估算等) VN
a revised edition of a textbook 课本的修订版
I'll prepare a revised estimate for you. 我将为你准备一份经过修正的评估报告。
We may have to revise this figure upwards. 我们也许要将这个数字往上调一调。
3)to prepare for an exam by looking again at work that you have done 复习;温习 British English
I spent the weekend revising for my exam. 我花了整个周末复习备考。 V
I can't come out tonight. I have to revise. 我今晚不能出去。我得复习。
I'm revising Geography today. 我今天复习地理。 VN
38. devise
to invent something new or a new way of doing something 发明;设计;想出 verb VN
A new system has been devised to control traffic in the city. 控制城市交通的新系统已经设计出来。
39. device
1)an object or a piece of equipment that has been designed to do a particular job 装置;仪器;器具;设备
a water-saving device 节水装置
electrical labour-saving devices around the home 节省劳力的各种家用电器
2)a bomb or weapon that will explode 炸弹;爆炸性武器;爆炸装置
A powerful device exploded outside the station. 一枚威力巨大的炸弹在车站外爆炸了。
the world's first atomic device 世界第一枚原子弹
3)a method of doing something that produces a particular result or effect 手段;策略;方法;技巧
Sending advertising by mail is very successful as a marketing device. 邮寄广告作为一种营销策略是非常成功的。
4)a plan or trick that is used to get something that somebody wants 花招;计谋;诡计
The report was a device used to hide rather than reveal problems. 这份报告不是揭露问题而是为掩盖问题而耍的花招。
Idiom: leave somebody to their own devices
to leave somebody alone to do as they wish, and not tell them what to do 听任某人自行其是;对某人不加干涉













































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