英美文化10 American Education
American Education
I.Early Childhood Education
# All American are offered 12 years of free public education学校教育.
In most areas, free public education beings with kindergarten classes for 5 year old children (usually 2 or 3 hours long). Nearly three million American children attend kindergarten each year. But some attend nursery schools （接纳3～5岁儿童的幼儿园）or day care centers (日托中心)at a much younger age. Nursery schools usually charge tuition, and some are subsidized and some offer scholarships. Day care centers provide care for pre-school children of working mothers who need a place to leave their children all day.
II.Elementary School & High School
# In the United States, classes of students divided into 12 academic levels are called grades. Generally one academic year (school year学年) begins from September through June is required to complete each grade.
1.Elementary school (6 years beginning from 6 years old) in the USA is also called grammar
school, which in England is a secondary school. (In some school systems of other countries elementary school includes grades one through eight.) A typical elementary school starts at 9:00 AM and ends at about 3:30 PM. For all levels schools are in session five days a week (Monday through Friday).
2.The next four years are called high school (中学). (In other school systems, there are three
divisions: elementary school (grades 1 to 6), junior high school (grades 7 through 9), and senior high school (grades 10 through 12).
3.In most high schools, students meet with a different teacher and a different group of
students for each subject.
III.Higher Education
It is also called post-secondary education, better known as college or university in the United States, including public universities公立大学, private universities私立大学, liberal arts colleges文科学院, and community colleges （社区学院Public junior colleges are often called community colleges.）. According to the statistics of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, the united states now has the second largest number of higher education institutions in the world, with a total 5758, an average of more than 115 per state. The 2006 American community Survey conducted by the USCB (United States Census Bureau) found 52.6% of the population had attended some college, among which 27.2% earned a bachelor’s degree, and 9.9% earned a graduate or professional degree.
1.Colleges offer only undergraduate courses. Universities have undergraduate(未获学士学位
的本科生) graduate（已经获得学士学位的毕业生，或研究生）, and professional schools.
Recently more and more junior colleges (offering the first two years of college only,初级学院，大专，两年制专科学校, 故本科大学又可称senior college) have been established.
Graduates of community and junior colleges ordinarily earn an associate's degree. 准学士学位, 专科毕业证书
2.Colleges and universities offer a vast array of subjects, but he usually concentrates (majors)
in one field during his last two years of college. After four academic years with acceptable grades in approved courses, the students earn a bachelor’s degree. Some students
complete college in less than 4 years by attending summer session s. College grades run A
(4 points), B(3 points), C(2 points), D(1point), （often without E, which is jumped over）,
and F (0 point). F is a failing grade which means that one does not get credit for that
course, and students must maintain at least a low C average in order to remain in school. 3.Three main categories of graduate degrees are given: master’s degree can be gained by 1 or
2 academic years of study beyond the bachelor’s degree. PH. D. degree (doctor of
philosophy) usually takes at least 3 years beyond the master’s. There are also graduate professional schools in medicine, dentistry, and law and other fields.
4.In some communities low-cost public education is available at city colleges or junior
colleges. 城市学院与专科学院，（We have similar colleges in China.）
5.“Every son must rise above his father” is a major aspect of the American Dream—and one
that is often realized through higher education.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/093158503.html,plementary material:
1.American Dream: the traditional social ideals of the United States, such as equality, democracy,
and material prosperity.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/093158503.html,parison
British Education American Education
幼儿园（Kindergarten）
Nursery School (3~5)托儿所(幼儿园小班) Nursery School (3~5)托儿所
Day care center (~5)
Infant School (5~7) 学前班(幼儿园大班) Kindergarten (5)
小学(Primary School)
Junior School (7~11) Elementary School (for 6 years) 1~3 grades
中学(Middle School)
Secondary School (11~15) Junior High School/Junior Middle School (2 years or 3) Secondary School (with sixth form) Senior High School (4 years or 3)
Higher Education
City Colleges & Junior Colleges
Colleges
Universities
Bibliography
"junior college." Encyclop?dia Britannica. Encyclop?dia Britannica 2009 Ultimate Reference Suite. Chicago: Encyclop?dia Britannica, 2009.
朱永涛.英美文化基础教程.北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1991.
英美文化概况之英国篇
英美文化概况之英国篇 英国早期人文历史常识 （一） 英国东邻北海，西、北面对大西洋，南面是英吉利海峡（the English Channel），与法国隔海相望。 地理上，这里被称为“不列颠群岛”（British Isles），由大不列颠岛（Great Britain）和爱尔兰岛（Ireland）这两大岛屿，以及其它几百个小岛组成。 大不列颠岛上分布着英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士（England,Scotland and Wales）三个区域，而爱尔兰岛则分成北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国（Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland）两块。 政治上，大不列颠和北爱尔兰共同组成联合王国（the United Kingdom），而爱尔兰共和国则是独立于联合王国而存在的独立的国家。我们通常所说的英国，则是指联合王国。 联合王国的首都是伦敦（London）；而爱尔兰共和国的首都是都柏林（Dublin）。 大不列颠岛在政治上被划分成英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士三个区域，其中英格兰面积最大、人口最多，总的来说也最为富裕。因此很多人通常会用“英格兰人”（English）指代“不列颠人”（British），这点当然会引起苏格兰人和威尔士人（Scots and Welsh）的不满。不列颠在大约一百年前曾统治着世界上四分之一的人口和土地，其殖民地遍布全球各大洲。二战之后，随着不列颠国力衰退，各殖民地纷纷独立，不列颠帝国（the British Empire）在1931年起被英联邦所取代。
英联邦（the Commonwealth of Nations）是由英国和已经独立的前英国殖民地或附 属国组成的联合体。英国作为英联邦元首并无政治实权；各国在一定协议上相互进行政治、主要是经济方面的磋商和合作；各成员国也有权利选择退出英联邦。 （二） 英国地势西北高、东南低。其西北地区主要地形是高原；而东部和东南部则主要是低地，他们是整个欧洲平原（the Great European Plain）的组成部分。 英格兰占据了大不列颠南面的最大部分土地，那里地势平缓，多为平原、丘陵和沼泽地。特别是英格兰东部沿海地区，土地肥沃，适于耕种。 苏格兰多为山地、湖泊和岛屿，它拥有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地以及南部山陵。不列颠最高峰尼维斯峰（Ben Nevis）便座落于此，高1,343米。威尔士亦是多山地区，6%的土地被森林覆盖，大部分村庄以放牧为主。 北爱尔兰北部为多岩石、荒蛮的海岸，曲折蜿蜒。其东北部多为高地，东南部为山区，而中部则是低浅的盆地。 不列颠是个岛屿国家，四面环海，它隔着英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆遥遥相望。位处英法两国之间的英吉利海峡最窄之处被称作多佛海峡（Straits of Dover），仅有33公里宽度。1985年英国政府和法国政府决定在多佛海峡处修建海峡隧道。 总长153公里的隧道于1994年五月竣工通车，使得欧洲公路网得以连成一体，被誉为人类工程史上的一个伟业。 英国河流分布细密。塞文河（the Severn）是英国第一大河流，长338公里，它同西
英美文化概况试题5
山东经济学院2010--2011学年第 1学期期末试题 英美文化概况（110126）试卷（5） 注意事项：所有的答案都必须写在答题纸上，答在试卷上一律无效 Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 1. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. 2. The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects. 3. In Britain, Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. 4. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreign policy. 5. The origin of Bowling lies in the victory celebration ceremony by the ancient warriors. 6. Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be a candidate for public office. 7. The Clinton Administration made national security, economic prosperity and promotion of democracy the three pillars of the American foreign policy. 8.It takes at least fours years to get a bachelor’s degree from an institution of higher learning in the US. 9. In Britain, Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. 10. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges, and all such court appointments are subject to confirmation by the House of Representatives. 11.The main duty of the Congress is to make laws, including those which levy taxes that pay for the work of the federal government. 12.Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called “Gaelic” 13. When George W. Bush became President, his foreign policy has two prominent elements: isolationism and faith in military strength. 14. Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials. 15. There are about 60 members of the Commonwealth. 16. The state of Pennsylvania used to be inhabited by the Quakers. - 1 - （共页）
大学英语学习心得体会
在大学，英语学习是必然的，虽然英语成绩不是太理想，但是从几年的学习过程中也领会了一些怎样应用策略的方法，如何学习才能更家对英语有兴趣。高中是打好英语基础的关键时期，也为大学的进一步提高打下了良好的基础，不论是为高考还是为以后的英语学习，高中英语知识都是不可忽略的。从高考的要求来看，高中英语主要撑握基础知识及需做些中度题。语音知识需多看多记多练，没什么捷径，最多是些单词记忆法，及提高自己学习效率的有效时间安排。在语法上，要结合知识点多做专项题。在阅读理解上，除每天保证两到三篇的练习外，要增加自己的课外阅读量，目的是培养英语语感；书面表达以一些范文为例进行持续练习。听力最好每天坚持听20-30分钟，另外练习口语也是提高听力的最好办法。最终学好英语一定要多下功夫。 应做到“四勤”与“四多”，具体说来，有以下几点： 一、“四勤” 1.勤背诵 积极记忆高中课本中出现的生词及词组，理解其用法，并适当运用一些正、反义词对比，相似词对比等方式加强记忆。这一步虽然枯燥乏味，但少了它，学习英语就像折了翅膀的鹰，空有雄心却寸步难行。 2.勤朗读 这是学好英语的法宝之一。朗读的内容一般说来只限于课本，并不以背 诵为目的，而着重将注意力集中于自己的正确发音、连续语气等等。通过朗读可以熟悉单词及其用法，体会英语的语气、语境，增强语感。每天只需半小时左右，但须持之以恒。 3.勤练习 虽然“题海”战术不足取，但适当做一些练习，尤其是针对自己不足之处的练习是必不可少的，比如完形填空这种难度较大、考查综合能力的题型，平时就应多做一些。每次做完后，认认真真地重新对照答案细细抠一遍，体会这些正确选项究竟合理在什么地方，出题者的意图又是在考查哪些知识点等等。只有在不断的练习、体会中，英语水平及应试能力才会不断提高。 4.勤总结 相对于其它学科来说，英语的知识点相当零碎，一定要在平时的收集、整理、总结上下功夫。平时听老师提到或是在参考书上看到的一些零碎的小知识都要及时记录下来，以备以后复习时用。 二、“四多” 1.多看 近年来英语试题的难度逐渐增大，试题的触角涉及到日常生活的各个领域，因此，从高一开始就应尽可能地扩大阅读面，广泛阅读，以求开阔视野，并在潜移默化中提高自己的英文水平。 2.多听 近年的中、高考已逐步加入听力试题。其实，多听并不仅仅是为了应试，更重要的一点就是在听的过程中可以逐步增强语感。培养敏锐的语感将有助于增强辨析力和判断力，是英语学习过程中十分重要的一环。 3.多说 多说可以增强口语能力，加深记忆，使学过的知识清晰地映在脑海里，不容易被忘记。 4.多练 通过做大量的习题，可以增强实践经验，不至于临阵发慌，手足无措。而且，熟能生巧，做题也能做出规律，做出语感来。 当然，学习一门语言本身也有其自身的规律，所谓“四勤”、“四多”也只不过是一种加
英美文化概况简答论述整理
英美文化概况简答论述 简答： 1.The Functions of Parliament ① First and foremost, it passes laws. ②provides the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation. ③scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day. ④There are no legal restraints upon Parliament. However, it does not assert its supremacy, but bears the common law in mind and acts according to precedent. Strictly speaking, the Parliament today consists of the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. 2.George Washington George Washington was one of the founding fathers of the American Republic. He was the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army in the War of Independence against the British colonial rule and the first President of the United States. 3.The Open University The Open University ―founded in the 1960’s for people who might not get the opportunity for higher educarion for economic and social reasons.It’s open to everybody and doesn’t demand the same formal educational qualifications as the other universities. Universities courses are following through TV, correspondence,videos and a net work of study centers. Ath the end of their studies at the Open University, successful students are awarded a university degree. Universities in the UK. 4.The strategy of Preemption In an address delivered to the West Point graduates, President Bush, for the first time, put forward the strategy of preemption（先发制人）, which is formalized in the National Security Strategy issued in Sept. 2002. By preemption, the US means that when it determines that a country which is repressive and hostile to the US has acquired or produced weapons of mass destruction（大规模杀伤性武器）or has the potential to possess such weapons, the US should use force to remove this threat to US security and should not wait till the danger becomes imminent or until the Us is attacked. This is known as Bush Doctrine. 5. Comprehensive schools Comprehensive schools are the most popular secondary schools in Britain today. Such schools admit children without reference to their academic abilities and provide a general education. Pupils can study everything from academic subjects like literature to more practical subjects like cooking. 6. The Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791. The Bill of Rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on.
英语口语学习心得体会
英语口语学习心得 杨 倩 富国第二实验学校 英语口语学习心得 富国第二实验学校杨倩 随着全球化进程的加快，英语的重要地位日益显著，社会对学生英语素质的要求也越来越高。但现状却是大学生英语口语能力普遍较差，学了十几年的英语还是听不懂，不会说。究其原因是学习者普遍存在学习语言的误区，他们把英语当作一门知识来学，总是用语法去思维，认为只要学习“发音、语法、词汇和句子”就能学好英语。特别是在我国的英语教学中，历来注重语言知识的传授，使得学生过度注重阅读，翻译，写作等应试能力，忽视听力和口语能力的培养。所以大多数学习者进入大学阶段后发现以前的学习方法并不适用于现在对口语能力提高的迫切要求。因为英语学习，特别是口语能力的提高，是一个相对漫长的过程。口语能力是将语音、词汇按照语法规则、社会经验，在情感的控制下进行合理的组合，最终产生有意义的语言的能力。因此，要提高口语能力仅靠每周几次的听力和精读课是远远不够的，大量的课外有意识的练习和实践才是关键所在。那么如何使口语能力循序渐进的提高，笔者总结了以下几个方面。 一、口语的前提是听得懂 学习者必须进行严格的听力训练。“听”是一种接受性技巧，“听”是“说”的前提，只有听得懂，才能做到“听其声而悟其义”，才能与人交流。口头交际如果没有“听”的能力，是不可能实现的。 二、语音和语调 学一门外语，发音是最基本的。学习者一旦陷入了发音的误区，形成了不良习惯，会极大地影响到英语的听、说、读、写、译和与别人的交流。所以我们不能忽视对这个基础进行训练。在训练时要坚持听（听标准录音带）与模仿（模仿正确发音）同步进行。发音时口型和唇齿是否到位，会影响到发音的准确性。可以一边放磁带，一边看书，进行跟读训练。通过对语音材料的模仿，你可以提高自己的语音水平。英语抑扬顿挫，讲求音律感，所以语音发得再准，语调不地道的话，英语本族人听着还是别扭。当你在跟英语国家的人真正交流时你就能感受到语调节奏在表达思想中的巨大作用。所以在语音标准的前提下，把精力多放在语调上才是明智之举。平时多进行听力和朗读训练，试着寻找到其中的规律。在课余时间多跟外教或口语好的同学进行交流，发现差距，弥补不足。再者，要做到坚持每天进行语音和语调的练习，这样经过一段时间后就 会看到显著效果。 三、词汇 许多学习者在进行口头表达时因为找不到适当的词语而无法顺利进行，或者想好了要说的中文，却想不到对应的英文来表达。所以词汇量是决定学习者能否将有效会话继续下去的重要因素。很多人认为要用英语自由表达思想就要有庞大的词汇量，其实不然。美国之音慢速英语新闻用1500 到2000 个单词就能说遍天下大事。所以我们实际上要注意补充的是那些口语中频频出现而书面语中不太用的单词。但是仅仅是背诵有用的词汇或者句式是不够的，这只是量的积累。质的突破只有在弄清句子的使用语境，比较它们并且能自如利用它们后才能实现。 四、培养语感 英语语感是人们对英语语言的直接感知能力，是对英语语言法则或语言组织方法的掌握和运用，是经过反复感性认识上升为理性认识的经验和体会。语感来自于语言实践，又指导
英美文化与英汉翻译
Introductory Remarks ①．White elephant昂贵而无用的东西 ②．Yellow publications低级趣味出版物 ③．Lame duck跛鸭：不能连任的人 ④．Disinformation假情报 ⑤．Hegemony势力范围 ⑥．Mentor保护人 ⑦．Deep throat秘密消息的来源 ⑧．Paint lily多此一举 ⑨．Smoking gun确凿的犯罪证据 ⑩．Be in high cotton兴隆 ?．Barter trade交换贸易 ?．BBS电子布告栏系统 ?．Anonymous remailer匿名转信站 ?．Cybersalon网络咖啡厅 ?．Cyberspace网络世界 ?．Online prank网络恶作剧 ?．CPI消费者物价指数 ?．ISDN综合服务数字网络 ?．OPEC石油输出国组织 ?．Mitnick affair米尼克事件 21．World Wide Web万维网，全球信息网 22．Cellular phone蜂巢式移动电话 23．Genetic engineering遗传工程 24．The economics of Cloning复制人的经济分析 25．G-7七大工业国集团 26．Reaganomics里根经济学 27．Junk bond垃圾债券 28．Face the music了解美国军队惩罚违纪士兵的方式方法 29．Talk turkey了解美国白人的伪善 30．Come down to the brass tacks了解美国工人的过去 31．Go to the dogs了解英美人破产的辛酸 32．Samaritan源自《圣经》中，指乐善好施者 33．Green Berets指头戴绿色贝雷帽的美国特种部队 34．An Eagle Scout指美国的飞鹰童子军 35．American Dream表意是“美国梦” 36．Forbes list指美国《富布斯》富翁排行榜 37．Madison Avenue是麦迪逊大街，代指美国广告中心 38．A rags-to-riches legacy是美国梦的一个重要的内容，指“留下一笔‘白手起家发财’的遗产” 39．Social Security指美国的“社会保障条例” 40．Medicare指美国为65岁以上的老人专设的“老年保健医疗制” 41．Negative income tax指美国社会的“最低收入补贴” 42．A scapegoat替罪羊
《英美文化概况》
《英美文化概况》(13) 中国石油大学（北京）2013--2014学年第一学期 《英美文化概况》期末考试试卷A（闭卷考试） 班级：________ 姓名： _______ 学号： ______ Part I Tell whether each of the following statements is true or false. （20 分） 1._________ The best-k nown En glish lege nd, King Arthur, derives from the Anglo- Saxons ' time. 2._________ English drama flourished during Elizabeth I era. 3._________ After World War II, the British economy became the 2nd largest power in the world. 4._________ America was named after the great discoverer Amerigo Vespucci.
5._________ Britain is situated in Western Europe. 6._________ The Lake District is closely related with English literature in the 19 th century. 7._________ The Iongest river in North America is the Missouri River. 8._________ Com mon laws are laws which have bee n established through common practice in the courts. 9.________ The "Bill of Rights" was added to the Constitution in 1791. 10.________ Most heavily populated districts have more senators than the small states. 11._______ The United States has two major political parties: the Democratic Party and the Conservative Party. 12.________ Tolerance and respect for others are central to the way of life in the U.K. 13.________ The Protestant Church and the Catholic Church are two major groups in Christianity. 14.________ The second largest religious group in the U.K. is Buddhism. 15. _______ The University of Oxford is the second oldest university in the English-speaking world. 16. _______ Easter Day is to celebrate Christ 's resurrection from the dead.
英语学习心得体会范文3篇
英语学习心得体会 大学英语学习报告（1） 这两年的大学英语学习生涯，让我感慨颇多！回想起，当初的上课时的情形，一切是那么的清晰，仿佛就像是发生在昨天一样。 学习的内容部分样板： 通过这两年在大学的英语学习，我对于目前的大学英语教学方面有以下的看法：虽然在教学内容较单一的情况下，但在英语教学方式方面相对来说，教学形式还是较丰富多彩的，具体地说： 在大学英语课堂教学中，老师采用了有趣生动的教学内容呈现形式，如：游戏化地教学活动、小组讨论、课堂辩论、学生上讲台、看音像资料等来传授教学内容。 对这种形式的教学，我觉得很不错！ 与我们高中枯燥的英语课堂相比，这种利用各种喜闻乐见的活动教学方式，让教学内容的呈现方式更乐意被我们接受，提高了我们对教学内容的接受程度。 当然，采用何种教学形式，取决于学生的年龄、性格特征、班级规模、班风等实际因素。显然采用了合适的教学形式能较大地激发学生学习英语的热情，并提高学生对教学内容的接受程度，最终将提高大学英语教学效果。 1
另外，另一种值得一提的教学安排就是英语的网络自主学习。 对于英语的网络自主学习的教学安排，很多人不支持，觉得没意义，不如不用上课更好。 但我个人觉得，它是利远大于弊的。 因为这种教学安排给了我们很多的学习空间，让教学的互动性与学生的自主学习的激情给充分调动起来，同时也是一个很好的考验个人的自我约束的意识。可能部分的同学还停留在老师一个人在讲课，学生在下面听的中学教学模式中，很难理解这其中的意义。因此，有一部分同学在机房学习时，因自身的自律意识不强而做一些与学习无关的事情，如：看视频，聊QQ，发邮件等。从另一角度来说，这也是对学生的自我管理与约束方面的考验的平台，在这平台上，学生将能逐渐摆脱掉依赖老师与家长的监督来学习的不良学习习惯，提高自己的自我约束能力与增强自己的学习意识。只是，在这转变过程当中，老师等要学会引导这些学生，这样这种教学方式将会真正达到提高学生的自主学习能力的目的。 就我个人的情况来说，通过每周一次的英语网络自主学习，我也接触到了更加丰富的英语学习资源，开阔了视野，掌握了利用网络这一强大的平台来学习的方法与技巧，同时也增强了自主学习的意识。 总的来说，这目前大学的英语教学安排还是不错的，当然，还需进一步的发展完善。 注：这内容部分，你还可以结合游戏化地教学活动、小组讨论、课堂辩论、学生上讲台、看音像资料等活动，增加一些内容。
英美文化概况作业
英美文化概况作业 1、what are the differences in political system between the UK and the USA? Ex:课件 2、what is the role of the Monarch in the UK? Ex:课件女王 3、how do you comment on the British education system? Ex:与中国教育进行对比阐述。课本。 4、what do you think of the open University in British？ Ex:英国教育起源招生宗旨培养目标 5、how do you comment on the American ? ex:最后一天讲的，找一个点进行对比。 6、how does novel develop in British literature? Ex: 书本上，稍微动脑筋课件上总结 7、what is the significance of American Puritanism in American literature? Ex:美国文学倾教思想如何在教育中体现的？可以以霍森的小说为例解释、 8、why is that theatrical creations have been on integral part of english的 culture for centuries? Ex:课本上。课件里没有 9、summarize the history development of british music? Ex:课本目录。 10、what innovations have the 20th century artist in the United States made in the field of arts? Ex:课本上的。 11、do the Americans share the same weddings traditions with the British people? Ex、课本上的。
英美文化选修学习心得体会范文
英美文化选修学习心得体会范文 英美文化选修学习心得体会范文英美文化选修学习心得体会英美文化教学是英语语言教学中必不可少的组成部分,因此将一门知识性较强的程转变为结合语言技巧与功能的复合型程,可以令教学堂充满灵活性,通过交互式多维的教学策略,进行文化知识“读”的输入，“说”的输出,充分调动学生在堂上的学习神经,将被动地吸收转化为主动的表达,以多样化的口语活动开展更多元化的教学堂。 一、新世纪的英美文化教学 演进中的交互式教学理念 交互式语言教学是当今越来越被广泛运用的一种有效教学方法,强调教学的核心在于“交际”,将语言视为实现人际关系和进行人与人之间社会交往的工具,H.DouglasBrown的主要原则是“自动性、内在动机、策略输入、面对风险、语言和文化的联系、交互性语言以及交际能力”,也即交互式的教学同时涉及了学生和教师两个角色的元素,师生通过语言交际和互动来完成堂实践,传统的交互式教学理念只是要求一个教师与少数学生之间展开,然而随着科技的发展,教学手段的日新月异,交互教学的堂已经拓展到,人人交互,人机交互等多维的模式。 作为语言学习主体的学生,即是交互活动的主要参与者,不仅应该和老师之间有互动的过程,还必须投入到学生与学生之间的交流、合作、游戏与竞赛的环境当中去。英语教学堂搭建了一个人与人对话,
人与人沟通的平台,更借助多媒体计算机的有效利用,进行尽可能多的交流和互动。这一模式无疑有利于调动学生的学习积极性与能动性,培养一定的创新思维与探索精神,还能够树立团队意识与合作观念,将语言学习有效性最大化。 语言教学与文化教学的必然联系 在二十世纪这个充满机遇与挑战的时代,英语教育必须紧跟步伐,运用先进的教学理念指导教学实践,针对生源的特点,结合办学的条件,才能走出有特色的英语教学道路并取得相应的成效。英语教育并不满足于语言技能的训练,而是将语言知识、应用能力、学习策略、文化交流广贯穿一致,以培养学生的英语综合应用能力。英美文化教学主要指英美国家文化知识的教与学。从英美文化知识的功能角度看,可分为知识文化和交际文化两种。 知识文化：包括哲学、文学、艺术、历史、宗教等领域。这类知识常被称为事实文化和成就文化,关于此类知识的学习能让学生对英美文化有个大致的了解。而交际文化则侧重两方面内容:一是关于一个民族的日常言语行为,包括问候、致谢、道歉、称呼语等;二是带有鲜明民族特色的委婉语、谦逊语、客套语、禁忌语等词语的运用。这种文化知识常被称为行为文化,是属于英语文化意识范围的知识,是英语教学的重点内容。对这种文化意识差异的理解是决定中西方跨文化交流是否顺利和成功的关键。 英语学习者只有掌握好这两类英美国家文化知识,才能较好地保证跨文化交际的顺利进行。由此可见,语言和文化的关系是部分与整
英美文化 (英国部分答案)
(判断题) Chapter 1 1. People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. (F) 2. The Severn River is the longest river of Britain, which originates in Wales and flows through western England.(T) 3. Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language. (F) 4. In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part of Britain.(F) 5. Although the climate in Britain is generally mild, the temperature in northern Scotland often falls below -10℃ in January . (F) 6. The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.(T) 7. The Celtic people were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T) 8. English evolved into what is now described as Modern English from the late 16th century.(F) Chapter 2 1. British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T) 2. The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain in the 5th century.(T) 3. The chief or king of the Anglo-Saxons tribes exercised power at their own will. (F) 4. The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T) 5. HenryⅡ built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T) 6. The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F) 7. The Hundred Years’War (1337-1453) was a series of wars fought between the British and the Vikings for trade and territory.(F) 8. In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, Queen ElizabethⅠactually defended the fruit of the Reformation.(T) Chapter 3 1. Conventions are regarded less important than the statutory law in the working of the British government.(T) 2. The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F) 3. In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F) 4. The British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F) 5. The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F) 6. The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T) 7. Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F) 8. The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(T) Chapter 4 1. British was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T) 2. The British economy experienced a relative decline during the post-war period.(T) 3. Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain after World WarⅡ.(F)
英美文化概况 第六章 英国教育(上)中文翻译
目录 一、导言 (2) 二、中世纪的英格兰教育——教会机构的教育功能以及接受教育的社会阶层 (2) 三、文艺复兴时期的教育 (5) 四、十八世纪——何谓正确的英文 (8)
第六章英国教育 一、导言 当今的英国教育体制非常复杂，包括多种类型的学校及教育方式。这种复杂性源自英国的保守主义。政府改变教育体制时，往往添加一些新的要素，对现有的体制做些修补，而不是推倒一切，破旧立新。 虽然本章题为“英国教育”，但着重探讨英格兰的教育。威尔士和苏格兰的教育体制受不同的宗教和社会价值观影响，与英格兰的体制稍有差异。本章介绍英国当今教育机构和规章制度的演变，特别关注如下问题的答案：何人应当接受教育？何人为教育付费？何为教育的目标？ 二、中世纪的英格兰教育——教会机构的教育功能以及接受教育的社会阶层 1066年的诺曼征服之前，只有贵族家庭的男童能接受正规教育，承担这些教育工作的是当时屈指可数的学校，或者一些巡回家庭教师。1066年后，征服者威廉建立了全新的政府官僚体系，而且他与官僚化的罗马天主教会关系密切，需要更多有文化修养的牧师和政府办事人员。 中世纪时期，欧洲接受罗马天主教会的统一领导。教会是知识和教育的监管人，而且是文化人的主要雇主。当时有文化的定义是能阅读书写拉丁文，而不是英语。拉丁文是罗马帝国的通用语言，没有以之为母语的人群，但所有重要的欧洲著作都是拉丁文。拉丁文的重要性在现代英语的书面语中都有所体现；英语有许多源自拉丁文的词汇。中世纪期间的英格兰以及欧洲其它地区，年轻男子如果想在教会、法律业或者政府机构求职，就必须会读写拉丁文。由于只有教会能提供正规的拉丁文教育，最有文化的人都是教会机构的成员。这些成员被称为clerics(教士；神职人员)。当时的商人或者政府官员，如果想写信或者做记录，就得聘请一名教士。现代英语里的clerk（办公文员）一词，就源自cleric(教士)。 1、接受教育的条件，教育费用以及教育目标 1）谁能接受教育？ 当时的学校和学徒制提供的正规教育，主要对象是中产阶级家庭的子弟，以及贵族家
英美文化知识竞赛试题范围答案(学生)
试题范围 一．填空题 1. The river Thames is in __C___. A Wales B Scotland C England D Northern Ireland 2. The Industrial Revolution started in ___A__. A the Great Britain B the United States C Canada D Australia 3. Big Ben was named after __B___. A Christopher Wren B Benjamin Hall C Ben John D G. Stephenson ^ 4. The most popular sport in America is __A___. A. baseball B. basketball C. football 5. Most British couples go to __A__ to have their wedding ceremony. A. church B. concert C. registry office 6. The British people usually have a small quantity of __A___ as a first course. ！ A. soup B. sweet C. vegetable 7. What the Englishmen usually talk about in their daily life is _D__. A. price B. tax C. weather D. Sports 8. The British people are great lovers of betting. The most money they bet mainly on __A__. A. horse racing B. Bingo C. football pools D. dog racing 9. ___A__ is basically a home and family festival. A. Christmas B. Boxing Day C. Easter Monday · 10. The British people traditionally like to live in __B___. A. high buildings B. small houses C. big houses occupies the __C___ portion of the . A. northern B. eastern C. southern 12. The most important part of the . in wealth is __B___. A. Northern Ireland B. England C. Scotland &