新概念英语第二册复习笔记 第四课 课文讲解
新概念英语第二册复习笔记第四课课文讲解
just 搭配现在完成时
receive a letter from sb 相当于hear from sb 收到……来信
write to sb 给…..写信
Australia n.澳大利亚Australian adj. 澳大利亚的
Italy n. 意大利Italian n. 意大利语
for six months
He went there six months ago. 半年前他去那儿了。
He has been there since six months ago. 自从半年前他就去哪儿了。
He has been there for six months. 他已经在哪儿半年了。
for + 一段时间
since + 时间的一点
engineer n. 工程师，建筑师，机械师，火车司机
engine n. 发动机；引擎，机车，火车头
a steam engine 蒸汽机车
engine-driver (Br) 火车司机
engineer (U.S) 火车司机
a number of + n.( pl.) + are……许多的，大量的
eg. A large number of books are stolen. 大量的书籍被盗。
The number of + n.( pl.) + is….. ……的数量是
eg. The number of stolen books is 25. 被偷的书的数目是25本。
eg. A number of people apply for this job. 许多人申请这份工作。
eg. The number of applicants is 70. 申请者的数目是70人。
number n. 号码，数字，数目
eg. My telephone number is 6229897. 我的电话号码是6229897.
No. ( short term 缩略形式)
eg. The company is No. One in the oil business. 这家公司在石油领域是最棒的。eg. There is safety in numbers. 人多势众。
bought : buy-bought-bought sell-sold-sold bring-brought-brought
have gone to 去了……have been to 去过……
eg. where is Jackson? Jachson去哪儿了？
He has gone to Canada, and he has been there a great number of times.
他去加拿大了，他去过多次。
fly fly-flew-flown
1) 飞，飞行，航行
eg. Birds fly. 鸟会飞。
2) 飞行器，飞行，航行操纵，乘坐飞行器飞行
fly a kite 放风筝
fly a plane 驾驶飞机
fly to Paris 乘飞机去巴黎
fly the Atlantic 飞越大西洋
eg. The children flew to meet their mother. 孩子们飞奔去接妈妈。
eg. It’s late now. I must fly. 天很晚了，我必须抓紧时间。
eg. How time flies! 时光飞逝！
fly n. 苍蝇
eg. There is a fly in the soup. 汤里有只苍蝇。
The bird has flown （警察语）要抓的人跑了。
Pigs might fly. 即使有奇迹也不大可能出现（表示对某事不相信）
eg. Tom gives up smoking? 汤姆戒烟了？
Yes, pig might fly! 哼，我决不相信！
before
1) prep. 在……之前
before lunch 午饭前
before 10 o’clock 在十点钟前
2) conj. 在…..之前
eg. Do it before you forget it. 在遗忘之前把事情做了。
3) adv. 以前，过去
eg. I’ve seen the film before. 我以前看过这部电影。
eg. He has never been abroad before. 他以前从来没有出过国。
find + 宾语+ 补语
eg. I find English difficult but interesting. 我发现英语很难但很有趣。
eg. I find the room empty. 我发现房子是空的。
eg. They find the girl diligent and beautiful. 他们发现这女孩既勤奋又漂亮。
现在完成时:
have/has + 动词的过去分词
表示过去发生的动作对现在存在的影响；表示从过去一直持续到现在并可能持续下去的的动作或状态。
表示不确定时间：already, yet, just, never……
表示一段时间：so far, up till now, since, for a long time,
in the last few years, these days……
把句子变成现在完成时形式：
The bell is ringing. 铃正在响。
The bell has just rung. 铃刚刚响过。
1. He is leaving the house. 他正要离开房间。
He has just left the house. 他刚刚离开房间。
2. He is having breakfast. 他正在吃早饭。
He has just had breakfast. 他刚刚吃过早饭。
3. She is writing a letter. 她正在写一封信。
She has just written a letter. 他刚刚写完一封信。
4. My sister is turning on the radio. 我的姐姐正在打开收音机。
My sister has just turned on the radio. 我的姐姐刚刚打开收音机。
5. My mother is making the bed. 我妈妈正在铺床。
My mother has just made the bed. 我妈妈刚刚铺完床。
6. She is buying a new hat. 她正在买一顶新帽子。
She has just bought a new hat. 她刚刚买了一顶新帽子。
He is still having breakfast. 他仍在吃早饭呢。
He hasn’t had breakfast yet. 他还没有吃早饭。
把句子变成现在完成时的否定形式：
1.He is still washing the dishes.
He hasn’t washed the dishes yet.
2. She is still making the beds.
She hasn’t made the beds yet.
3. He is still combing his hair.
He hasn’t combed his hair yet.
4. She is still sweeping the carpet.
She hasn’t swept the carpet yet.
5. We are still reading “Macbeth”.
We haven’t read “Macbeth” yet.
I’ve already had lunch. 我已经吃过午饭了。
Have you had lumch yet? 你吃过午饭了吗？
把句子变成现在完成时的疑问形式：
1.I’ve already seen the new play at “The Glob”.
我已经在“环球剧院”看过这部新戏了。
Have you seen the new play at “The Glob”?
2.I’ve already taken my holidays. 我已经修过假了。Have you taken your holidays yet?
3. I’ve already read this book.
Have you read this book yet?
4.I’ve already done my homework.
Have you done your homework yet?
5. I’ve already finished my work.
Have you finished your work yet?
Receive and Take:
receive: I have just reveived a letter from my brother. take: 拿走
Someone has taken my pen. 有人拿走我的钢笔。
新概念英语第二册第一课课文讲解
新概念英语第二册第一课课文讲解 【课文讲解】1、Last week I went to the theatre. 动词go的原义是离开一个地方去另一个地方，与介词to连用后，常加上主语所要去的目的来代表主语的动作目的。go to the +地点表示去某地干嘛go to the theatre = go to the theatre to see a play去剧场看戏go to the cinema =see a film 去电影院看电影go to the dairy 去牛奶店go to the + 人+ 's 表示去这个人开的店go to the doctor's 去看病；go to the butcher's 买肉以下短语中名词前不加冠词：go to school去上学；go to church去做礼拜；go to hospital(医院)去看病；go to bed上床，睡觉；go home（跟home相连一定表示没有事情可做,回家休息） I am at home.在家休息 2、I had a very good seat. seat一般指戏院、汽车等配置的固定座位，也可以抽象地表示“座位”或“位子”等概念。the front seat of a car汽车的前座T ake a seat,please.请坐。 3、I did not enjoy it. enjoy vt.欣赏，享受，喜爱 ①enjoy+n.喜欢,从当中得到一种享受（后面不能跟人）I enjoy the music. enjoy the dinner/film/program/game②enjoy oneself/代词玩的开心We always enjoy ourselves.③enjoy+动名词 Jane doesn’t enjoy swimming.She enjoys going to the theatre. 4、I got very angry. get在这里有“逐渐变得”的含义，接近become，是个表示过程的动词，表示状态的变化。而I was very angry则仅表示当时的状态是生气，并不暗示过程。
新概念英语第二册笔记新版 Lesson 19：Sold out
新概念英语第二册笔记新版 Lesson 19：Sold out 【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ★hurry v. 匆忙 in a hurry(n.)：匆忙 If you are not in a hurry. (时间、动作上的) If you are not busy. (行为上的） in no hurry(n.)：不匆忙 I am in no hurry. hurry up(v.)：快点 go to：去 hurry to：匆匆忙忙地去 He goes to school.=He hurries to school. come in：进来 hurry in：匆匆忙忙地进来 go out：出去 hurry out：匆匆忙忙地出去 ★ticket office 售票处 ★pity n. 令人遗憾的事 pity(n.) What a pity! 真遗憾
It is a pity. It is pity to be grown up. (it做形式主语) It is a pity to steal a bicycle. I am sorry(a.). 我感到很遗憾。 I am sorry to hear that. ★exclaim v. 大声说 shout：大声喊＝cry,call out ★return v. 退回 return to：回来 ruturn money：还钱＝pay back,repay★sadly adv. 悲哀地，丧气地 涵盖了所有悲哀 First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 When will the writer see the play? 'The play may begin at any moment,' I said. 'It may have begun already,' Susan answered. I hurried to the ticket office. 'May I have two tickets please?' I asked. 'I'm sorry, we've sold out,' the girl said. 'What a pity!' Susan exclaimed. Just then, a man hurried to the ticket office.
新概念英语第四册原文翻译详细笔记
Finding fossil man 发现化?石?人 Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful? We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. 读到flint 打?火?石anthropomorphic ?人格 化拟1anthropo ?人类 的让步?一?一trace back date back read of read about a trace of ?一些
新概念英语第2册课文word版
Lesson 1 A private conversation 私人谈话 Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. 'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily. ' It's none of your business,' the young man said rudely. 'This is a private conversation!'. Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch 早餐还是午餐 It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunch time. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. 'What a day!' I thought. 'It's raining again.' Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy.' I've just arrived by train,' she said. 'I'm coming to see you.' 'But I'm still having breakfast,' I said. 'What are you doing ' she asked. ' I'm having breakfast,' I repeated. 'Dear me,' she said. 'Do you always get up so late It's one o'clock!'' - Lesson 3 Please send me a card 请给我寄一张明信片 Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums/博物馆/ and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. 'Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Every day I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send any cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card ! 明信片总会消耗着我的度假时间。去年夏天，我去了意大利，参观完毕博物馆后我坐在公共公园里，一个友善的作家教会我一些意大利语，然后他借给我一本书，我看了几行，但是我一个字都不认识，每天我想着关于明信片的事情，我的假期渡过
新概念英语第二册笔记_第40课
Lesson 40 Food and talk进餐与交谈 Was Mrs. Rumbold a good companion at dinner? Last week at a dinner party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold. Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress. She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her. Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. I tried to make conversation. 'A new play is coming to "The Globe" soon,' I said. 'Will you be seeing it?' 'No,' she answered. 'Will you be spending your holidays abroad this year?' I asked. 'No,' she answered. 'Will you be staying in England?' I asked. 'No,' she answered. In despair, I asked her whether she was enjoying her dinner. 'Young man,' she answered, 'if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!" 参考译文 在上星期的一次宴会上，女主人安排我坐在兰伯尔德夫人的身旁。兰伯尔德夫人是一位身材高大、表情严肃的女人，穿一件紧身的黑衣服。当我在她身旁坐下来的时候，她甚至连头都没有抬一下。她的眼睛盯着自己的盘子，不一会儿就忙着吃起来了。我试图找个话题和她聊聊。 “一出新剧要来‘环球剧场’上演了，”我说，“您去看吗？” “不，”她回答。 “您今年去国外度假吗？”我又问。 “不，”她回答。 “您就呆在英国吗？”我问。 “不，”她回答。 失望之中我问她饭是否吃得满意。 “年轻人，”她回答说，“如果你多吃点，少说点，我们两个都会吃得好的！” —、单词讲解New words and expressions host 1)n．待客的主人 hostess 女主人 the host nation 东道国，主办国 例: China is the host nation of the 2008 0lympic Games. 中国时2008奥运会的主办国。
新概念英语第二册Lesson70 Red for danger
新概念英语第二册Lesson70 Red for danger Lesson 70 Red for danger 危险的红色 First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 How was the drunk removed from the ring? During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware2 of the danger. The bull1 was busy with the matador3 at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. Apparently4 sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. The crowd suddenly grew quiet. The drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself. When the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety. Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador. New words and expressions 生词和短语 bullfight n. 斗牛 drunk n. 醉汉 wander v. 溜达，乱走 ring n. 圆形竞技场地
新概念英语第四册原文翻译详细笔记
The modern city 现代城市 In the organization of industrial life the in?uence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible. It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the arti?cial mode of existence imposed by the factory. The great cities have been built with no regard for us. The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants of?ces and apartments that please them. This caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together. Civilized men like such a way of living. While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life. The modern city consists of monstrous edi?ces and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. Obviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants. ?一理理的 代 ?人造的?生存?方式隺加规模 I 平庸的 ?一倒夺巨?大的?大厦南满拥塞without any idea of 完全忽视without giving any consideration to
新概念英语第二册第20课课文讲解
一、词汇 catch v. 抓到 fisherman n. 钓鱼人，渔民 boot n. 靴子 waste n. 浪费 realize v. 意识到 ★catch v. 抓到 ①vt. 捉住，逮住，捕获 The police have caught the thief. ②vt. 抓住，握住 Can you catch the ball? ③vt. 及时赶到，赶上 catch up with 赶上，跟上 Go ahead please.I’ll soon catch up with you. ★boot n. 靴子 a pair of boots 一双靴子 ★waste n. 浪费 ①n. 浪费 a waste of… 浪费…… It is a waste of time/money/food/water. ②vt. 浪费 You are wasting time. ★realize v. 意识到 ①v. 认识，知道，明白，意识到 I went into the wrong room without realizing it. 我无意中走错了房间。 I realized that I was wrong. ②v. 实现（希望、目标、愿望等） realize one's dream 实现某人的梦想 She has realized her hope to be an actress. ③使变为事实，使发生（常用于被动语态） This plan can never be realized. 二、课文讲解 1、Fishing is my favourite sport. fishing是一个动名词，由动词+ing组成，动名词可以作主语或宾语，如eating，reading等等 ★fish ①n. 鱼（不可数名词），鱼的种类（可数）
新概念英语第二册笔记_第70课
Lesson 70 Red for danger 危险的红色 【Text 】During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger. The bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. The crowd suddenly grew quiet. The drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself.When the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety. Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador. 【课文翻译】 在一次斗牛时，一个醉汉突然溜达到斗牛场中间，人们开始大叫起来，但醉汉却没有意识到危险。当时那公牛正忙于对付斗牛士，但突然它看见了醉汉，只见他正大声说着粗鲁的话，手里挥动着一顶红帽子。对挑衅显 然非常敏感的公牛完全撇开斗牛士，直奔醉汉而来。观众突然静了下来，可这醉汉像是很有把握似的。当公牛逼近他时，他踉跄地住旁边一闪，牛扑空了。观众欢呼起来，醉汉向人们鞠躬致谢。然而，此时已有 3个人 进入斗牛场，迅速把醉汉拉到安全的地方。好像连牛也在为他感到遗憾，因为它一直同情地看着醉汉，直到他的背影消逝，才重新将注意力转向斗牛士。 New words and expressions 生词和短语 【生词讲解】 1.bullfight n. 斗牛（活动） bull n. 公牛 cow n. 母牛，奶牛 ox 大公牛(oxen, pl. ) calf 小牛 bull market 牛市（股市行情很好） bear market 熊市（股市行情不好） bully n. 恃强凌弱的人bullfight n. 斗牛drunk n. 醉汉wander v. 溜达，乱走ring n. 圆形竞技场地unaware adj. 不知道的，未觉察的bull n. 公牛matador n. 斗牛士 remark n. 评论；言语 apparently adv. 明显地 sensitive adj. 敏感的 criticism n. 批评 criticism n. 批评 charge v. 冲上去 clumsily adv. 笨拙地 bow v. 鞠躬 safety n. 安全地带 sympathetically adv. 同情地
新概念英语第四册课堂笔记
新概念英语第四册课堂笔记 1 fossil man (化石人) Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of story tellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. 【New words and expressions 生词和短语】 fossil man adj. 化石人 recount v. 叙述 saga n. 英雄故事 legend n. 传说，传奇 migration n. 迁移，移居 anthropologist n. 人类学家 archaeologist n. 考古学家
新概念英语第二册第三课讲解
Lesson 3 Please send me a card 请给我寄一张明信片 Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Everyday I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card! New words and expressions 生词和短语 send v. 寄，送 postcard n. 明信片 spoil v. 使索然无味，损坏museum n. 博物馆public adj. 公共的friendly adj. 友好的waiter n. 服务员，招待员lend v. 借给decision n. 决定whole adj. 整个的single adj. 唯一的，单一的 参考译文 明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁。去年夏天，我去了意大利。我参观了博物馆，还去了公园。一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语，之后还借给我一本书。我读了几行，但一个字也不懂。我每天都想着明信片的事。假期过得真快，可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片。到了最后一天，我作出了一项重大决定。我早早起了床，买来了37张明信片。我在房间里关了整整一天。然而竟连一张明信片也没写成！ 1. Please send me a card请给我寄一张明信片 send /send/ v. (sent, sent /sent/) 1.~sth (to sb.) / ~sb. sth 寄,发送 . (1) 昨天我给我爸寄了封信。 I sent a letter to my father yesterday. (2)上周日我给汤姆寄了一张明信片。I sent Tom a postcard last Sunday. 2. 传达；转致；告知 . (1)我父母问您好。My parents send their love. (2)他带话要我来。He sent me word to come. 3. 派遣；打发；安排去 .(1)她早早打发孩子们上床睡觉。She sent the kids to bed early. (2)我叫汤姆去买牛奶了。I have sent Tom to buy some milk. send sb. packing (infml) 叫某人卷铺盖；撵某人走 2. Postcards always spoil my holidays. 明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁。 1) spoil v. (spoiled, spoiled) (BrE also spoilt; spoilt) 1. 破坏；搞坏；糟蹋；毁掉 . (1) 天气不好，破坏了我们的露营旅行。Our camping trip was spoilt by bad weather.（注：camp[k?mp] n. 1. [c, u] 营地 vi.[v] 宿营，露营） (2) 别让他破坏你的夜晚。Don’t let him spoil your evening. 2. 溺爱；娇惯；宠坏 . 她那几个孩子给她宠坏了。She spoils those kids of hers. 2)holiday n. 1. [u] (also holidays [pl.] )=vacation[v?'kei??n] (AmE) 假期 a period of time when
新概念英语第二册笔记新版Lesson 18：He often does this
新概念英语第二册笔记新版Lesson 18：He often does this 【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ★pub n. 小酒店 ★landlord n. 店主 ★bill n. 帐单 First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 What had happened to the writer's bag? After I had had lunch at a village pub, I looked for my bag. I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasn't there! As I was looking for it, the landlord came in. 'Did you have a good meal?" he asked. 'Yes, thank you,' I answered, 'but I can't pay the bill. I haven't got my bag.' The landlord smiled and immediately went out. In a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to me. 'I'm very sorry,' he said. 'My dog had taken in into the garden. He often does this!' 参考译文 我在一家乡村小酒店吃过午饭后，就找我的提包。我曾把它放在门边的椅子上，可这会儿不见了！当我正在寻找时，酒店老板走了进来。
新概念英语第四册笔记-完整版
L1 Finding fossil man We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas----legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first'modern men' came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. New words and expressions recount /ri'kaunt/ v.叙述 / ' rei'kaunt/ 再数一次 record / ' rek[d/ /ri' kC:d/ 第一个音节带重音，名前动后 叙述：recount : emotionless 重复 describe depict： a little emotional narrate： temporal&spacial 根据时间或空间顺序描述。 portray：描述 saga /'sa:g[/ n.英雄故事描述的内容mostly real 北欧海盗活动的故事 legend /'ledV[nd/ n.传说，传奇 unreal e.g robin hood anthropologist/ 'AnWr['pCl[dVist/ n.人类学家 anthrop：人 philosophere :philo＋sopher|爱＋智慧＝哲学家 philanthropist : 慈善家（对人有爱心的人） anthropology :人类学 带-gy结尾的都是学科：biology 生物学 geography 地理学 ecology 生态学 remote/ ri'm[ut/ n.遥远 ancestor / 'Ansest[/ n.祖先 an- 在前面 forefather,forebear ，predecessor祖先 rot/ rCt/ v.烂掉 leave me rot.＝leave me along rot to death. soon ripe,soon rotten. decay 国家民族逐渐衰亡 decompose 逐渐衰竭 deteriorate关系逐渐恶化 trace /treis/ n.痕迹，踪迹 trace the problem i follow your trace＝i follow where you go polynesia 波利尼西亚 poly-多 polyandric: a wife with more than one husband polygeny : a husband with more than one wife flint /flint/ n.燧石 flinting hearted fossil / ' fCsl/ n. 化石 cobble 鹅卵石 read of 读到 谈到：speak of ,talk of ,know of,hear of near east：近东 mediterranean, south europe,north afric far east 非限定性从句，表原因 oral(spoken) language is earlier than written language. precede :什么在什么之前，不用比较，直接跟名词 counterpart: two things or two people have the same position oral(spoken) language is earlier than written counterpart. preserve: 保留，保存（腌制） 如果句中有only，那后面的表语结构就要用to do sth,而不是doing sth. storyteller: 讲故事的人 fortuneteller, palmreader: 算命先生 migration ：移民１）migrant ２）immigrant v. migrate:迁移，迁徙 migratory bird:候鸟 none: no body people＋s 民族 if they had any: 即便是有 his relatives,if he had any,never went to visit him when he was hospitalized. find out千方百计，费尽周折＝explore modern men :the men who were like ourselves however－anywhere you want ,加逗号 but,yet－不加标点，only at the beginning of the sentence therefore－自由