新牛津译林版5A 1-4单元语法知识点归纳

Unit1

1.There be句型表示“某处有某物”，be动词用is还是用are遵循下面的原则：

①be动词后面如果跟的是单数名词或不可数名词，就用is;

There is a pencil case in the school bag.

There is some soup/milk /tea/coffee/juice/water/chocolate.

② be动词后面如果跟的是可数名词的复数，就用are.

There are some desks in the classroom.

③be动词后面如果跟的是不止一种物品，就根据离它最近的物品选用is或are.(就近原则) There are some pictures and a telephone.

There is a telephone and some pictures.

2.There be 句型的否定形式：在be动词的后面加not（is not可以缩写为isn't，are not 可以缩写为 aren't）把some 改成any。

例：There is a pencil in the pencil-box.（改为否定句）

There isn't a pencil in the pencil-box.

There are some crayons on the desk.（改为否定句）

There aren't any crayons on the desk.

3.“some”和“any”都有“一些”的意思.“some”一般用于肯定句，“any”用于否定句

和一般疑问句。但在一些表示委婉请求，想得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中，也用“some”. 例：1.There are some watermelons in the basket.(肯定句)

2.There aren't any birds in the tree.(否定句)

3.Are there any toy trains on the table?(疑问句)

4.Would you like some tea?(表委婉请求)

4.can在否定句中的用法：表示某人不能做某事时，通常在can后面加否定词not,注意not 一般与can连写，也可缩写成can’t.后面加动词原形。

Bobby cannot(can’t) see any cakes in the fridge.

Unit2

1. There be句型的一般疑问句：

将be动词提前到there 之前,首字母大写，句末用问号即可。其肯定答语为“Yes,there is/are.”;否定答语为“No,there isn’t/aren’t.”。在疑问句中，要将some改为any。

1）There is a house near the park. (改为一般疑问句，并肯定回答)

Is there a house near the park? Yes , there is.

2）There are some desks and chairs in the classroom.

(改为一般疑问句，并否定回答)

Are there any desks and chairs in the classroom？No , there aren't.

2.特殊疑问句及答语

(1)提问主语为可数名词的数量时，用“how many”,句型结构为：

‘How many +复数名词+are there+其他？’（无论主语是单数还是复数）

There is a football under the desk.(对划线部分提问)

How many footballs are there under the desk?

“How many+可数名词复数+are there?”本句型为there be句型的特殊疑问句形式，表示“在某处某物的数量有多少？”。回答时不用Yes/No,要给出具体的回答。How many days are there in a month? There are thirty.

（2）提问句子的主语（包括主语前的修饰语）时，句型一律用

“What is+地点介词短语？”（无论主语是单数还是复数都用is）

例：There are some bananas on the tree.

What’s on the tree?

3.序数词：表示先后顺序或等级的词。first(第一)，second(第二)，third(第三)，序数词用在句中时，要在其前面加上定冠词the.

4. on the…floor意为“在几楼”用介词“on”

5．It is time for+名词= It is time to+动词；是该做某事的时候了。

It is time for lunch.= It is time to have lunch.

6. 宾格 :动词和介词后面用人称代词的宾格。