opengl光照模型试验

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实验二题目：光照模型的实现第十四周星期四

实验二光照模型的实现

一、实验目的

掌握OpenGL的光照及材质效果设置方法

二、实验要求

在Windows平台上用VC++结合GLUT做实验，要求掌握结合VC++和OpenGL的光照模型的理解及实现，实验完成后要求根据自己的成果撰写一份实验报告。

三、实验环境

操作系统：Windows xp

开发环境：VC++6.0以及GLUT

图形交互设备：鼠标和键盘

四、实验内容

在实验一的基础上理解并实现添加各种光（环境光，发散光，镜面光，聚光），使效果更逼真以接近实际环境。

1、打开灯光，设置灯光的位置、方向、类别、颜色和衰减，并改变其

值，观察效果的变化。

2、实现旋转和移动灯光。

3、设置材质，了解材质和光照如何相互影响。

五、存在的问题和感想

Opengl是一个强大的图形设计工具，对于设计具有真实感的图形真的很有帮助，在学习opengl的过程中，遇到了许多问题，比如，光照效果函数的使用，什么环境光，漫射光，反射光，一开始总搞不懂这些光找出来的具体效果是怎样的，还有对三维空间，视点坐标，模型坐标的变换等等，通过学习，参考别的代码，初步了解了这些函数调用的效果，也感觉到了opengl功能的强大，给人的视觉效果等等。学习opengl真的是充满了无穷的乐趣啊！

六、结果测试

1、球体、单色渲染、光照

2、单击右键弹出选择菜单，选择正方体、单色渲染和光照

3、单击右键弹出选择菜单，选择棱锥，单色渲染和光照

4、单击右键选择平滑渲染，上下左右键旋转光源

附件：

#include

#include GLfloat xRot=0.0f;

GLfloat yRot=0.0f;

GLfloat xRot1=0.0f;

GLfloat yRot1=0.0f;

GLfloat lightColor[]={1.0f,1.0f,1.0f}; GLfloat white[]={1.0f,1.0f,1.0f}; GLfloat

specular[]={1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f}; GLfloat

lightPos[]={0.0f,50.0f,0.0f,1.0f}; GLfloat

lightDir[]={0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f}; GLfloat

specref[]={1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f}; GLfloat

ambientLight[]={0.5f,0.5f,0.5f,1.0f}; char textrueObject[]={"png1.png"};

int iShape=1;

int iModel=1;

void DrawGround(void);

void DrawCube(void);

void DrawTriangle(void);

void RenderScene(void){

glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BI T|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

if(iModel==1)

glShadeModel(GL_FLAT);

if(iModel==2)

glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); glPushMatrix();

glRotatef(xRot,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);

glRotatef(yRot,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);

glDisable(GL_LIGHTING); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_POSITI ON,lightPos);

glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_SPOT_ DIRECTION,lightDir); glTranslatef(lightPos[0],lightPos[1], lightPos[2]);

glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);

//glutSolidCone(3.0f,4.0f,15,15);

glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);

glutSolidSphere(2.0f,30,30); glPopMatrix();

glPushMatrix();

glRotatef(xRot1,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);

glRotatef(yRot1,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);

glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);

if(iShape==1){

glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,1.0f); glutSolidSphere(25.0f,30,30);

}

if(iShape==2){

DrawCube();

}

if(iShape==3){

DrawTriangle();

}

glPopMatrix();

glPushMatrix();

glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);

glTranslatef(0.0f,-50.0f,0.0f);

glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,1.0f);

DrawGround();

glPopMatrix(); glutSwapBuffers();

}

void SetupRC(void){

glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glEnable(GL_DITHER); glFrontFace(GL_CCW);

glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_3D); glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);

//光源属性

glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MOD EL_AMBIENT, ambientLight); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_DIFFU SE,ambientLight);

glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_SPECU LAR,specular);

glLightf(GL_LIGHT0,GL_SPOT_C UTOFF,120.0f);

glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_SPECU LAR,white);

glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);

//设定材质属性

glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL); glColorMaterial(GL_FRONT,

GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_AM BIENT_AND_DIFFUSE,white);

glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,

GL_SPECULAR,specref);

glMateriali(GL_FRONT,

GL_SHININESS,128); glClearColor(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);

}

void ChangeSize(int w, int h)

{

GLfloat fAspect;

if(h == 0)

h = 1;

glViewport(0, 0, w, h); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);

glLoadIdentity();

fAspect = (GLfloat) w / (GLfloat) h;

gluPerspective(35.0f, fAspect, 1.0f, 500.0f);

glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);

glLoadIdentity();

glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, -250.0f); }

//键盘控制

void SpecialKeys(int key,int x,int y){ if(key==GLUT_KEY_UP)

xRot+=5.0f;

if(key==GLUT_KEY_DOWN)

xRot-=5.0f;

if(key==GLUT_KEY_RIGHT)

yRot+=5.0f;

if(key==GLUT_KEY_LEFT)

yRot-=5.0f; glutPostRedisplay();

} //画正方体

void DrawCube(void){ glPushMatrix();

glBegin(GL_QUADS); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textrueObject[0]);

glColor3ub(255,255,255); glVertex3f(25.0f,25.0f,25.0f);

glColor3ub( 255,255,0); glVertex3f(25.0f,-25.0f,25.0f);

glColor3ub(255,0,0); glVertex3f(-25.0f,-25.0f,25.0f);

glColor3ub(255,0,255); glVertex3f(-25.0f,25.0f,25.0f);

glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(25.0f,25.0f,-25.0f);

glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(25.0f,-25.0f,-25.0f);

glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-25.0f,-25.0f,-25.0f);

glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-25.0f,25.0f,-25.0f);

glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(25.0f,25.0f,-25.0f);

glColor3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);

glVertex3f(25.0f,25.0f,25.0f);

glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-25.0f,25.0f,25.0f);

glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-25.0f,25.0f,-25.0f);

glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(25.0f,-25.0f,-25.0f);

glColor3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(25.0f,-25.0f,25.0f);

glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-25.0f,-25.0f,25.0f);

glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-25.0f,-25.0f,-25.0f);

glColor3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(25.0f,25.0f,25.0f);

glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(25.0f,25.0f,-25.0f);

glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(25.0f,-25.0f,-25.0f);

glColor3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(25.0f,-25.0f,25.0f);

glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-25.0f,25.0f,25.0f);

glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-25.0f,25.0f,-25.0f);

glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-25.0f,-25.0f,-25.0f);

glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-25.0f,-25.0f,25.0f);

glEnd();

glPopMatrix();

}

//画底面

void DrawGround(void){

GLfloat fExtent=100.0f;

GLfloat fStep=10.0f;

GLfloat y=-10.0f;

GLint iLine;

glPushMatrix();

glBegin(GL_LINES);

for(iLine=-fExtent;iLine<=fExtent;i Line+=fStep){

glVertex3f(iLine,y,fExtent);

glVertex3f(iLine,y,-fExtent);

glVertex3f(fExtent,y,iLine);

glVertex3f(-fExtent,y,iLine); }

glEnd();

glBegin(GL_QUADS);

glColor3f(1.0f,1.0f,.0f); glVertex3f(-100.0f,-10.0f,-100.0f); glVertex3f(100.0f,-10.0f,-100.0f); glVertex3f(100.0f,100.0f,-100.0f);

glVertex3f(-100.0f,100.0f,-100.0f); glEnd();

glPopMatrix();

}

//画四棱锥

void DrawTriangle(void){ glPushMatrix();

glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);

glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);

glVertex3f(0.0f,25.0f,0.0f); glVertex3f(-25.0f,-25.0f,25.0f); glVertex3f(25.0f,-25.0f,25.0f);

glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,1.0f);

glVertex3f(0.0f,25.0f,0.0f); glVertex3f(25.0f,-25.0f,25.0f); glVertex3f(25.0f,-25.0f,-25.0f);

glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,1.0f);

glVertex3f(0.0f,25.0f,0.0f); glVertex3f(25.0f,-25.0f,-25.0f); glVertex3f(-25.0f,-25.0f,-25.0f);

glColor3f(1.0f,1.0f,.0f);

glVertex3f(0.0f,25.0f,0.0f); glVertex3f(-25.0f,-25.0f,-25.0f); glVertex3f(-25.0f,-25.0f,25.0f);

glEnd();

glBegin(GL_QUADS); glVertex3f(25.0f,-25.0f,25.0f); glVertex3f(25.0f,-25.0f,-25.0f);

glVertex3f(-25.0f,-25.0f,-25.0f);

glColor3f(1.0f,1.0f,0.0f); glVertex3f(-25.0f,-25.0f,25.0f);

glEnd();

glPopMatrix();

}

void TimerFunction(int value){

// yRot1+=5.0f;

xRot1+=5.0f; glutPostRedisplay(); glutTimerFunc(100,TimerFunction, 1);

}

void Menu(int value){

switch(value)

{

case 1:

iShape=1;break;

case 2:

iShape=2;break;

case 3:

iShape=3;break;

case 4:

iModel=1;break;

case 5:

iModel=2;break;

}

glutPostRedisplay();

}

int main(int argc,char* argv[])

{

int nMenu;

//初始化窗口

glutInit(&argc,argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOU BLE|GLUT_RGB|GLUT_DEPTH); glutInitWindowSize(800,600); glutCreateWindow("光照");

//创建右键选择菜单

nMenu=glutCreateMenu(Menu);

glutAddMenuEntry("球体",1); glutAddMenuEntry("立方体",2); glutAddMenuEntry("圆锥体",3); glutAddMenuEntry("单色",4); glutAddMenuEntry("平滑",5); glutAttachMenu(GLUT_RIGHT_B UTTON);

glutReshapeFunc(ChangeSize);

glutSpecialFunc(SpecialKeys); glutTimerFunc(100,TimerFunction, 1);

glutDisplayFunc(RenderScene); SetupRC();

glutMainLoop();

return 0;

}