跨文化交际期末试题

考试需知：考试前每一列学生把课本放在第一排。考试时间为2．5个小时，试卷1为闭卷考试，前面40分钟用于完成试卷1。待老师收上试卷1后，发下课本，学生做试卷2，试卷2 为开卷考试。可携带纸质词典进考场，不许携带电子词典及手机进考场。

Test Paper 1

Ⅰ. Filling the blanks:

1.Generally speak in g, in terms o f co ntextuality, the

co mmun icatio n in the West is low-contextual while that in the

East is high-contextual

2.Generally speak ing,in terms o f wo rld views, the West ado pts

Dualistic view, while the East adop t s holistic view

3.Generally speak in g, in terms o f tho ught p atterns, the West

fo llo ws Analytic and abstract thinking, while the East fo llo ws

synthetic and concrete thinking

4.Generally sp eak ing,in terms o f d isco urse patterns,the West

uses Deductive pattern, while the East uses inductive pattern 5In the Axia l Age, the great think ers in C hina are Confucius, Lao Tze, Mo Tze, and the great thinker in Ind ia is Siddhartha Gautama, the great fig ure in P alestine are Hebrew prophets, and the great think ers in the West are Plato,Home r and

Archimedes

Ⅱ. Choose the best answer:

1.No n-verbal messages are classified into two co mprehensive

categories: tho se that are p rimarily p ro d uced b y the b od y, such

as_________,________,_______; and those that the ind iv id ual

co mb ines with the setting, such as _______, _______,

_______.D

A.p hysical co ntact, eye co ntact, paralanguage; space, time, man

B.facial exp ressio n, to uch, taste; sp ace, time, silence

C.app earance, mo vement, gesture; surro und in g, occasio n,man

D.mo vement, smell, p aralanguage; sp ace, time, silence

2.In C hinese writing,there are usually mo re adjectives, pro verb s

and allusio ns than in En glish writing.So me Western scho lars

name this style “flo wery”, stating that its aim is to give a mo re

fanciful imp ressio n than in fo rmatio n, and the in fo rmatio n is

usually o f beauty, fragrance, happ iness, and any o ther

“goo d ness”aspects so as to attract peop le. We may term this

style as_______-o riented. Western writin g is mo re d irect with

objective in fo rmatio n. To them, much-repeated words may mean

less after a wh ile. We may term the Western writing as

________-oriented.C

A. ad jective, o bjective

B. C hinese, Western

C. imp ressio n, in fo rmatio n C. ind irect, d irect

3. As to the human nature orientat io n, the trad itio nal Western belief

ho lds that _______, while the Asian peop le believe

that_______.B

A. b asically goo d; basically b ad

B. ev il b ut perfectib le, basically go od

C. the mixture o f go od and evil; the mixture o f good and evil;

D. unk no wn

4. As to the Man-N ature orientatio n, the trad it io nal Western belief

ho lds that _______, while the Asian peop le believe

that_______.D

A. sub jugatio n to nature; harmo ny with nature

B. harmo ny with nature; mastery o ver nature

C. harmo ny with nature; sub jugatio n to nature

D. mastery o ver nature; harmo ny with nature

5. As to time o rientatio n, generally speak in g, the US A is______, the

P hilip p ines,Mexico,and Latin America are _____, and Asia,

Britain, Greece, France are ______.C

A. o n-time oriented; in-time o riented; late-time o riented

B. yo uth-o riented; ad ult-oriented; eld erly-o riented

C. future-o riented; present-oriented; past-oriented

D. p resent-o riented; fut ure-oriented; past-oriented

6. In terms o f activit y o rientatio n, the US A is______, the

P hilip p ines,Mexico,and Latin A merica are _____, and Asia is ______.D

A. d o ing-o riented; p lay ing-o riented, b eing-o riented

B. p lay ing-o riented; bein g-oriented; do in g-oriented

C. b eing-o riented; do ing-o riented; being-in-b eco min g o riented

D. d o ing-o riented; b eing-o riented; b eing-in-b eco min g o riented

7.The d iv id ing world v iew is also referred to as mechanistic view. It

goes b y the fo llo wing d ifferent names: D

A. reaso n versus resu lt; relig io n versus art; o bjectiv ity versus

imaginatio n

B.instinct versus intu it io n; science versus techno lo gy;

imaginatio n versus sub jectivity

C. tuitio n versus intu itio n; regio n versus relig io n; sub jugatio n

versus sub jectiv ity

D. reaso n versus intu itio n; science versus relig io n; o bjectiv ity

versus sub jectiv ity

8. The Greek think s in o rder to _______. It is speculatio n. The Hind u

think s in o rd er to _______. It is med itatio n. The C hinese think s in ord er to _______. It is co ntemp latio n.C

A. d o; d ie; live

B. spectacle; medd le; co ntemp t

C. understand; think; self-cult ivate

D. think; self-cult ivate; understand

9. “Yo ur bod y d oesn’t k no w how to lie”ind icates_____B

A. so methin g is wro ng with yo ur bo d y and yo u can o nly stand.

B. b od y language is impo rtant.

C. b od y co ntact is dangero us.

D. we can’t separate mind fro m b od y.

10. Generally speak ing,in the US, p eo p le make fr iends b y sharing

______,while in C hina, peo p le make friends b y sharing

_______.B

A. p erso nal relatio nship; activit ies

B. activ ities; perso nal relatio nship

C. lo ve; b lo od

D. b lo od; lo ve

11.In terms o f p hysic al co ntact, the hig h co ntact co untries are

__________________________________, while the lo w

co ntact co untries are ________________________________.C

A. the US, Britain, mo st Northern European co untries; Arab

wo rld, Med iterranean co untries, Ind o nesia

B. the US,Britain,Jap an; East Europ ean co untries,Russia,

Midd le East

C. Arab world, Med iterranean co untries, Indo nesia; the US,

Britain, mo st N orthern European co untries

D. Arab world, Med iterranean co untries, C hina; the US,Britain,

mo st No rthern Europ ean co untries

12. Generally sp eak ing, in terms o f co ntextuality o f co mmu n icatio n,

the high-co ntextual p eo p le are __________________________________, while the lo w-co ntextual co untries are ________________________________A

A. Latin Americans, C hinese,Jap anese; the Americans,German,

Swiss

B. the Americans, German, S wiss; Latin Americans,C hinese,

Jap anese

C. Native Americans, C hinese, Koreans; the Americans, Japanese,

British

D. the Americans, Jap anese, British; Native Americans, C hinese,

Koreans

13. Each perso n has a “b ubb le”o f space (territo ry).Stud ies sho w

that peop le fro m ________, ________, ________have a smaller perso nal territo ry than do p eop le fro m ________,________,-_________.A

A. S o uth America, Arab co untries, and many Asian co untries;

North America,Britain,Germany

B. No rth America, Britain, Germany; So uth America, Arab

co untries, and many Asian co untries

C. So uth America, Britain, Germany; No rth America, Arab

co untrie s, and many Asian co untries.

D. No rth America, Arab co untries, and many Asian co untries;

So uth America,Britain,Germany

14. In ___________ culture, the nuclear family is much mo re

impo rtant to the ind iv id ual than the extended family,wh ile in ____________,________,_______,________ culture,the extended family is very imp o rtant.C

A. Hispanic; American, Asian, Arab ian, African

B. Arab ian; American, Asian, African, Hisp anic

C. American; Asian, African, Arab ian, Hisp anic

D. African; American, Asian, Arab ian, Hispan ic

15. In nuclear-family culture, peop le rely main ly o n ______, ______,

________for help,while in extended-family culture, peo p le rely

main ly o n ________for help. C

A. families,friend s, pro fessio nals; families

B. families, friend s, pro fessio nals; inst itutio ns

C. friend s, pro fessio nals, institut io ns; families

D. friend s, families, inst itutio ns; p ro fessio nals

16.In nuclear-family culture, ______usually co mes first,while in

extended-family culture, _______ usually co mes first. B

A. family; ind iv id ual

B. ind ivid ual; family

C. husband; wife

D. wife; husb and

17.W hen it co mes to friend ship,an American friend wo uld feel that

they had _______ if the friend gave up a real need to stud y to go sho pp ing. O ne’s d uties and o b ligatio ns to ward friend s, even b est friend s are und erstoo d to ______; o ne do es no t expect friends to assume b urdenso me, ______resp o nsib ilities to ward o neself. A close friend in the US is a p erso n that o ne feels free to ask fo r help,reco gnizing,ho wever, that the friend may _____, if they give yo u a reaso n.This is mayb e that in the West,peo p le p refer to b e ______, so they do no t feel co mfo rtab le in a relatio nsh ip in which o ne p erso n is ______ mo re and the o ther is dependent o n what is be in g given. Fo r Westerners fr iendship is mo stly a matter o f pro vid in g ______ suppo rt and ______. B

A. d epend ed to o much; limit less; small; say “OK”; dependent;

receiv in g; material; get sep arate

B. impo sed to o much; have limits; lo ng-term; say “N o”;

ind ep end ent; giv ing; emo tio nal; sp end time to gether.

C. imp o sed too little; have limits; short-term; say “Yes”; free;

earning; financial; get invo lved

D. depended a litt le; limit less; b ig; say “So rry”; ind ependent;

giv ing; sp iritua l; get to gether.

18. In C hina, the d uties and ob ligatio ns o f friend ship s seem v irtually

________ fo r all practical p urp oses. C hinese friend s give each other much ________ ________help and assistance than Western friend s do. Fo r examp le, they give each other _______ and might help each o ther _______fo r a _______period o f time. A friend in China is so meo ne who, sensing that yo u are in need in so me way, o ffers to assist yo u _________.C

A. imp o ssib le; mo re sp iritual; thin gs; practically; short; when

being asked

B. enormo us; less s p iritual; mo ney; financially; lo ng; unw illing ly

C. unlimited; mo re co ncrete; mo ney; financially; lo ng; witho ut

wait ing to b e asked

D. limited; mo re co ncrete; things; materially; certain; if req uired

19. In times o f tro ub le, b oth American and C hinese fr iend s give each

other emo tio nal supp ort,b ut they d o it d ifferently. A C hinese

friend is mo re likely to b e ________ to give _______ ad vice to a

friend, while an American friend will be ________ to give

________ ad vice, instead she may raise q uestio ns to enco urage

her friend to co nsider carefu lly what may happen if she d oes o ne

thin g instead o f ano ther.C

A. cautio us; d etailed; read y; specific

B. read y; amb iguo us; cautio us; guid eline

C. read y; sp ecific; cautio us; d irect

D. unwilling; d irect; read y; sp ecific

20. When it co mes to the relatio nship b etween parents and married

so ns,in C hina, a man’s relatio nship with h is p arents is _______

than that with his wife. Thus in the event o f any q uarrel b etween

his wife and his mo ther, a man sho uld ____________. At mo st he

might hop e to __________, and this was regarded as ________.

In America, a man’s relatio nship with h is parents is _______

than that with his wife. He wo uld be exp ected to

______________. He might even be co unseled to

_______________ the vicin ity o f his parents’ho me to ease the

co nflict. D

A. mo re imp o rtant; side with his mo ther; side with his father;

ho no rab le; mo re imp o rtant; side with no o ne; mo ve into

B. less imp o rtant; sid e with no o ne; say so methin g; ho no rab le; less

impo rtant; side with his father; get away fro m

C. less imp ortant; sid e with h is wife; remain silent; d isho no rab le;

mo re imp ortant; sid e with h is wife; mo ve into

D. mo re imp o rtant; side with his mo ther; remain neutral;

d isho no rab le; less imp ortant; sid

e with h is wife; mo ve away

Ⅲ. True or false:

1.Generally speak ing,C h ina is an eq ual society, America is a

hierarchy society. ( F )

2.Generally speak ing,in C hinese so ciety,the po wer d istance is

small,while in America, the po wer d istance is large. ( F )

3.Bo th the Asian and Western co untries have the co ncept o f “face”,

and“face” has the same so cial sign ificance fo r these co untries in

that o ne’s face is also the face o f o ne’s gro up.( F )

4.The d iv id in g world v iew relies stro ngly o n “facts”as opp osed to

“op in io ns”. ( T )

5. A very ro ugh generalizatio n is that think ing fo r the Greek is to

loo k up ward,for the Hind u is to lo ok inward, fo r the Co nfuc ians

is to lo ok o utward. (F )

6.Values are exp licitly stored in o ur mind. We are always aware o f

them, and we make jud gments acco rd in g to them. (F)

7.Values are sep arate fro m each o ther. Each o ne work alo ne. ( F )

8.Values can b e co mpared o n a co ntinu um rather than o ne o f o nly

two possib le cho ices. Peo p le everywhere po ssess the same

values to d ifferent degrees, and the imp o rtance o f that co mmo n

value, ho w it gets acted o ut, is a matter o f degree. ( T)

9.“Lo ver”and“爱人”have the same meaning.( F)

10.I n b oth C hina and Western co untries, it is very co mmo n and

usual fo r ad ults to fo nd le other p eop le’s b ab ies and very small

child ren to sho w their affectio n and friend liness. ( F )

Ⅳ.Translation:

1.Tra nslate the follo wi ng Englis h into Chinese:

1)Nature and Man are b lended into o ne harmo nio us id entity.天人合

一

2)Nature affects human affa irs and hu man behavio r find s resp o nse

in N ature. 天人感应

3)Nature accords with hu man wishes. 天从人愿

4)Yo ur character will b e tinted“red”(go od) if yo u ar e in the

co mpany o f “red ness”,b ut “b lack”(b ad) if yo u are in clo se co ntact with ink. 近朱者赤，近墨者黑

5)Go d helps tho se who help themselves. 天助自助者

6)Lo ok befo re yo u leap. 三思而后行

7) A sing le arro w is easily b ro ken, b ut no t a b unch.轻霜冻死单根草，

狂风难毁万木林

He who stirs another’s p orrid ge o ften b urns his o wn. 狗拿耗子，多管闲事

8)

2.Tra nslate the follo wing Chinese into Eng lish:

1)容忍tolerance of others

2)中庸之道moderation, following the middle way

3)修养self-cultivation

4)不重竞争non-competitiveness

5)信用trust-worthiness

6)贞节chastity in women

7)寡欲having few desires

服从、孝敬、尊崇、赡养父母filial piety

8)

Ⅴ. Tell the meaning of the following gestures in different

countries:

Gesture 1 Gesture 2 Gesture 3

1.In the US, England, Sweden it is used together with the verbal message

“Let’s keep our fingers crossed”to mean that _ the person is hoping for

good luck______________. In Greece and Turkey it means the breaking of

a friendship ________________. In parts of Italy it means _ OK _____.

2.In the US it means Great, perfect, acceptable, OK_______________. In

Belgium and France, it means _ zero_____. In Brazil, Turkey, Greece and

Malta it has _ an obscene _____ meaning. In Japan it means ___ money

_______. In Tunisia, it is used ___ as threat _______.

3.It means ____ Slow down”, “relax” or “wait a second ________________.

Test Paper 2

下列各题请参阅了所指定的课本内容后，用中文回答，可翻译课本的内容作为答案。

Ⅵ. Answer the following questions

1.What are the imp licatio ns o f the ind iv id ualis m in the West and the

co llectiv ism in the East? (P66-68)

2.Offer yo ur interpretatio ns with examp les abo ut t he C hinese and

the Western mo des o f think ing.（P93-97）

Ⅶ. Case analysis:

1.Stud y the fo llo win g C h inese poem and Eng lish statements and see

what messages yo u can draw fro m it that are relevant to intercu ltural co mmun icatio n stud y. (P28-29)

1)横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同，不识庐山真面目，只缘

身在此山中。

2)Yo u will no t k no w yo ur o wn culture well until yo u

co mmun icate with ano ther,

3)If we do no t reco gnize o ur hu manity in o thers, we will no t

reco gnize it in o urselves.

2.Read the q uo tatio n fro m Ab raham Linco ln and wo rk o ut what

value he exp ressed.Exp lain this value.(P59-60)

We do wish to allo w the humb lest man an eq ual chance to get rich with everyo ne else. When o ne starts p oo r, as mo st do in the race o f life, free so ciety is such that he k no ws he can better his

co nd it io n; he k no ws that there is no fixed co nd it io n o f lab or fo r his who le life.

3.Stud y the case and then try to answer the q uestio ns that fo llo w.

(P86-92)

Wu had just started wo rk in g fo r a Swed ish co mp any that had extensive b usiness co mmitments in C hina. A large p art o f his

wo rk co ncerned ad vis ing his expatriate co lleagues o n C hinese

b usiness p ractices. Th is invo lved bo th writin g rep orts and

reco mmend atio ns and ad dressing meetin gs.

As he was very anx io us to succeed,Wu always researched his top ics thoro ughly and tried to mak e his p resentatio ns as clear as possib le.Ho wever,he grad ually b ecame aware that so mething was wro ng.It o ften seemed that no bod y listened to him and his ad vice was ig no red. W hen he spok e at meetin gs,he felt that peop le were imp atient and uninterested in wh at he had to say.He got mo re and mo re unhapp y and began to feel that his co lleagues were no t interested in his op in io ns b ecause he was C hinese. This, he tho ught, was racism.

The co mp any had a p o licy o f annual review, wh ich meant that every staff me mber met with the managin g d irecto r o nce a year to

d iscuss his or her p ro gress. When th

e time came for Wu’s review,

he managing d irecto r gave him a cop y o f the co mp any’s assessment o f h is p erfo rmance. The assessment p raised his hard wo rk, b ut mad e the fo llo wing,very serio us critic isms:①When speak in g at meetings, argu ments are o ften unfo cused and speeches lack clear d irectio n.②Written repo rts co ntain too much irrelevant material.③In bo th speak in g and writin g, material is poo rly o rganized, with impo rtant reco mmendatio ns o ften ap pearin g o nly at the end o f the repo rt. ④O ften appears uncertain abo ut the po ints he wants to mak e.

Wu was shocked b y these crit icisms.He co u ld no t und erstand why they had b een made and he was no t sure what to d o abo ut them.

Questio ns:

1)W hy do yo u think the co mp any critic ized Wu in this way?

2)Do yo u think he is correct to co nclud e that the p ro b lem is

racism?

3)W hat cultural exp ectatio ns abo ut presenting in fo rmatio n

orally and in writing may acco unt fo r the negative evaluatio n

o f Wu’s wo rk?

4)Give ad vice to Wu o n dealing with each o f the sp ecific

critic isms the managin g d irector mad e.

4.In the 1990s, the return o f Ho ng K o ng to C hina was a heated to p ic

in many med ia.But the C hinese term 香港回归has two versio ns in Eng lish. The term wh ich was used in Eng lish newspap ers p ub lished in C h ina was “return”, while in the West the chosen term was “revert”. F or examp le:

1)The repo rt was d iv ided into several p arts…ensuring the

smoo th return o f Ho ng K o ng and p ro mo tin g the reunificatio n o f the mo therland. (Beij ing Review. Mar. 17-23. 1997. p. 7)

2)He will o fficially tak e o ffice o n July 1, 1997, the d ay Ho ng

Ko ng reverts to C hina. (Times. Dec. 23, 1996. p.47)

P lease use the theo ry o f a wo rd’s d eno tatio n and co nno tatio n to acco unt fo r the d ifference in the cho ice o f words. (P79-80)