考研英语高分作文常用词汇

考研英语高分作文常用词汇
考研英语高分作文常用词汇

考研英语高分作文标志:

1、是否长短句交叉;

2、是否会使用插入语;

3、用词是否多样、准确、形象,尽量使用能够吸引阅卷老师眼球的闪光词;

4、关键词是否换用,切勿老用重复词;

5、句型使用是否准确、地道。

下面给出写好一篇作文的注意事项:

1.适当用被动替换主动,这样能更客观地反映事实。句子开头不要总是用we /

I (比如写结尾时不用we should pay attention to而用Attention should be paid to. ) 举个经典结尾的例子:It is ,therefore, high time that some applicable approaches were implemented by the service industry like that. By doing so,its competitive edge will be sharpened effectively.

2.善于使用插入语,比如说把副词、连接词等,作为插入语放在中间,一般放在主语、动词或者助动词后,两边分别加上逗号。如however / therefore /for example/I believe 做插入语放在中间,一般放在动词、助动词后,两边分别加上逗号。举例如下:Other individuals, however, take the attitude that …

3.一定要学会换词,换形象,具体的替换太宽泛的。(考试中一般不要出现good, bad , many, thing, think, people, opinion 等等)比如第一条的例子中,applicable替换proper; approaches替换ways; implement替换carry out; sharpen one’s competitive edge替换enhance one’s competitiveness(提高某物竞争力)。

下面举一篇某位同学写的优秀作文的例子,看看他是如何运用各类写作技巧的。这位同学把老师上课讲的各类写作手法,精彩替换和句型都用上了,作文有了很大的提高。

I never forget the exceedingly thrilling day when my mother bought me

a computer as birthday present, which exerted a tremendous fascination on me so that I indulged myself in googling an army of useful information i had expected ,and enjoy a sea of melodious classic music. That night I was sleepless, feeling that the whole world belonged to me. exceedingly 替换 very;(个人认为替换成overwhelmingly更出彩)

thrilling 替换 exciting;

sth. exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换 sb. be interested in sth;

google 替换 search;

an army of 替换 a lot of。

The dawn of the new century witnessed the increasing popularity of computers. Coincident with the advancement of science and technology, computers pouring into the current society as a fashion are appealing to growing individuals. It is no exaggeration to say we have been submerged by them, in large measure!

The dawn of the new century witnessed 是一个精彩句型,用来描述在某个时期发生了什么事情;

Increasing popularity 替换 more and more popular;

Coincident with … 非常地道的句型,表达“与…一致”的意思,替换With …;Advancement 替换 development;

Pour into ( flood into / swarm into )替换 enter into;

Current ( currently )替换 now;

Appeal to sb. 替换 sb. be interested in sth.;

Growing individuals 替换 more and more people;

It is no exaggeration to say 经典句型,说某事是毫不夸张的。(it goes without exaggeration that更好)

For a start, we can, freely, search desired information at any moment . Little by little, our knowledge will be well enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened. Additionally, we can get huge recreations online by chatting, playing games, or delivering email.

For a start 替换 To begin with;

We can, freely, search 用了插入语的写作手法;

our knowledge will be well enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened. 用了非常精彩的被动;

Additionally 替换 In addition / Besides;

Deliver 替换 send。

There is no denying that , however, computers can function in the

disservice of human beings, in a way, especially the growing violence ,***, porn pictures, AV-films emerging on the screen , which leads quiet a few net citizens to copying.

There is no denying that , however, computers can function in the disservice of human beings, 这个句子有三个精彩之处,首先There is no denying that这个句型;其次however作为插入语;再次,function in the disservice of 替换 do harm to。

Emerging 替换 appearing ( fading 替换 disappearing );

Net citizen 网民,属于精彩用词。(直接用 netizen更好)

As a classic proverb goes that no garden has no weeds. Computers do play a positive role in the development of people' lives, despite a slice of unfavorable impacts. We should ,therefore, take advantage of the fruits and avoid the opposite facet.

No garden has no weeds 替换 Every coin has two sides;

Computers do play ,使用do 表示强调;

Positive 替换 important / good 等;

A slice of 替换 a part of;

Unfavorable 替换 bad;

Impacts 替换 effects / influences;

We should, therefore, take advantage of … 使用插入语;

Fruits (而且fruits 用的非常形象, merits/ virtues) 替换 advantage ( defects 替换 disadvantage ) ;

Facet 替换 aspect。

高分作文标志:

1、是否长短句交叉;

2、是否会使用插入语;

3、用词是否多样、准确、形象,尽量使用能够吸引阅卷老师眼球的闪光词;

4、关键词是否换用,切勿老用重复词;

5、句型使用是否准确、地道。

下面给出写好一篇作文的注意事项:

1.适当用被动替换主动,这样能更客观地反映事实。句子开头不要总是用we / I (比如写结尾时不用we should pay attention to而用Attention should be paid to. )举个经典结尾的例子:It is ,therefore, high time that some applicable approaches were implemented by the service industry like that. By doing so,its competitive edge will be sharpened effectively.

2.善于使用插入语,比如说把副词、连接词等,作为插入语放在中间,一般放在主语、动词或者助动词后,两边分别加上逗号。如however / therefore /for example/I believe做插入语放在中间,一般放在动词、助动词后,两边分别加上逗号。举例如下:Other individuals, however,take the attitude that…

3.一定要学会换词,换形象,具体的替换太宽泛的。(考试中一般不要出现good, bad , many, thing, think, people, opinion等等)比如第一条的例子中,applicable替换proper; approaches替换ways; implement替换carry out; sharpen one‘s competitive edge替换enhance one’s competitiveness(提高某物竞争力)。

下面举一篇某位同学写的优秀作文的例子,看看他是如何运用各类写作技巧的。这位同学把老师上课讲的各类写作手法,精彩替换和句型都用上了,作文有了很大的提高。

I never forget the exceedingly thrilling day when my mother bought me a computer as birthday present, which exerted a tremendous fascination on me so that I indulged myself in googling an army of useful information i had expected ,and enjoy a sea of melodious classic music. That night I was sleepless, feeling that the whole world belonged to me.

exceedingly替换very;(个人认为替换成overwhelmingly更出彩)

thrilling替换exciting;

sth. exerts a tremendous fascination on sb替换sb. be interested in sth;

google替换search;

an army of替换a lot of.

The dawn of the new century witnessed the increasing popularity of computers. Coincident with the advancement of science and technology,computers pouring into the current society as a fashion are appealing to growing individuals. It is no exaggeration to say we have been submerged by them, in large measure!

The dawn of the new century witnessed是一个精彩句型,用来描述在某个时期发生了什么事情;

Increasing popularity替换more and more popular;

Coincident with…非常地道的句型,表达“与…一致”的意思,替换With…;

Advancement替换development;

Pour into ( flood into / swarm into )替换enter into;

Current ( currently )替换now;

Appeal to sb.替换sb. be interested in sth.;

Growing individuals替换more and more people;

It is no exaggeration to say经典句型,说某事是毫不夸张的。(it goes without exaggeration that更好)

For a start, we can, freely, search desired information at any moment . Little by little, our knowledge will be well enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened. Additionally, we can get huge recreations online by chatting, playing games, or delivering email.

For a start替换To begin with;

We can, freely, search用了插入语的写作手法;

our knowledge will be well enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened.用了非常精彩的被动;

Additionally替换In addition / Besides;

Deliver替换send.

There is no denying that , however, computers can function in the disservice of human beings, in a way, especially the growing violence ,***, porn pictures, AV-films emerging on the screen , which leads quiet a few net citizens to copying.

There is no denying that , however, computers can function in the disservice of human beings,这个句子有三个精彩之处,首先There is no denying that这个句型;其次however作为插入语;再次,function in the disservice of替换do harm to.

Emerging替换appearing ( fading替换disappearing );

Net citizen网民,属于精彩用词。(直接用netizen更好)

As a classic proverb goes that no garden has no weeds. Computers do play a positive role in the development of people' lives, despite a slice of unfavorable impacts. We should ,therefore, take advantage of the fruits and avoid the opposite facet.

No garden has no weeds替换Every coin has two sides;

Computers do play,使用do表示强调;

Positive替换important / good等;

A slice of替换a part of;

Unfavorable替换bad;

Impacts替换effects / influences;

We should, therefore,take advantage of…使用插入语;

Fruits (而且fruits用的非常形象,merits/ virtues)替换advantage ( defects替换disadvantage );

Facet替换aspect.

以下是45个最经典的替换词,各位同学可以参考一下:

1.individuals,characters, folks替换people ,persons.

2.positive, favorable, rosy (美好的),promising (有希望的),perfect,pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good.

3.dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad(如果bad做表语,可以有be less impressive替换。)

eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games,enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.

4.an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of,many, if not most替换many.

注:用many, if not most一定要小心,many后一定要有词。

Eg. Many individuals, if not most,harbor the idea that…。同理用most, if not all ,替换most.

5.a slice of, quiet a few替换some.

6.harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that,it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that替换think (因为是书面语,所以要加that)。

7.affair ,business ,matter替换thing.

8.shared代common .

9.reap huge fruits替换get many benefits.

10.for my part ,from my own perspective替换in my opinion.

11.Increasing(ly),growing替换more and more(注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词,副词用increasingly.)

Eg.sth has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.

12.little if anything或little or nothing替换hardly.

13.beneficial, rewarding替换helpful.

14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser替换customer.

15.overwhelmingly,exceedingly,extremely, intensely替换very.

16.hardly necessary,hardly inevitable ……替换unnecessary,avoidable.

17.indispensable替换necessary

18.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in.

19.capture one's attention替换attract one's attention.

20.facet,demension,sphere代aspect.

21.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代indicate,suggest ,fear.

22.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger替换cause.

23. There are several reasons behind sth替换……reasons for sth.

24.desire替换want.

25.pour attention into替换pay attention to.

26.bear in mind that替换remember.

27. enjoy, possess替换have(注意process是过程的意思)。

28. interaction替换communication.

29.frown on sth替换be against , disagree with sth .

30.to name only a few, as an example替换for example, for instance.

31. next to / virtually impossible替换nearly / almost impossible.

32.regarding/concerning替换about.

33.crucial/paramount替换important.

34.第一(in the first place/the first and foremost);第二(there is one more point ,I should touch on,that…。);第三(the last but not the least)。

35. assiduous替换hard-working

36. arduous替换difficult

37.underdeveloped/financially-challenged替换poor(因为poor通常含有贬义)

38. demonstrate /manifest替换show

39. invariably替换always

40. perilous/hazardous替换dangerous(写社会类作文时常用,说什么社会现象是不好的,有害的)

41. formidable替换difficult

42. quintessential替换typical(举例时常用,例如:a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance)

43. distinguished替换famous

44. feasible替换possible

45. consequently, accordingly替换so

历年真题阅读理解文章来源是有规律的。考研文章绝大多数来自英美国家的报刊杂志,以面向大众的大众社科类和科普类刊物为主。倘若我们找到了这个规律,那么我们的广大考生在平时复习时,在选择阅读的材料上就有了目的性,相对来说,我们广大的考生也会事半功倍的。我们通过分析近10年的文章来源,从而将文章来源规律整理出如下:

1、经济类文章主要来源:The Economist (经济学家),Business Week (商业周刊),Wall Street Journal(华尔街杂志);

2、科学技术类文章主要来源:Nature (自然),Discovery (探索),Science (科学),National Geographic (国家地理),Scientific American (科学美国人),New Scientists (新科学家);

3、社会生活以及文化类文章主要来源:Newsweek (新闻周刊),Times (时代周刊),U.S News and World Report (美国新闻与世界报道),The Washington Post (华盛顿邮报),USA Today (今日美国),The Times (泰晤士报),The Guardian (卫报),和https://www.360docs.net/doc/0714310814.html,(美国新闻在线);

4、其它来源:Independent (独立日报), International Herald Tribune (国际先驱论坛), Telegraph (英国电信日报);

经过上面的整理,我们不难发现倘若我们准备的时间充分,我们完全有可能在考研前、在平时复习的过程中就把当年考试的文章事先阅读过,那样自然就能取得一个很好的成绩了。

但是,我们广大的考生在复习的过程中无论花费多少时间几乎是不可能把上面说到的所有杂志都阅读完毕的,而且每年选择来考查考生的文章并不一定是本年度发表的文章。这就为我们复习的工作增加了很大的难度。

所以,我们有必要对历年的文章来源再次进行总结。结果我们发现,在绝大多数情况下,历年真题的文章来源一般控制在过去的5年之内,即倘若2007年参加考研的话,2007年的文章一般来自于2002年到2006年之间的报刊杂志上,

当然历史上也有少部分文章不受年份的限制。这时我们阅读的范围就小了很多。

又因为在整理统计过程中,我们发现历年真题的文章一般字数上控制在450字到550字之间,段落上一般控制在3到6个段落,所以我们可以把精力主要集中在符合前面字数、段落以及年份的文章来进行复习和阅读,如此一来我们就把复习的范围大为减少了。

根据近5年的文章来源,我们发现,80%以上的文章来自于The Economist (经济学家),Newsweek (新闻周刊),Times (时代周刊)以及U.S News and World Report (美国新闻与世界报道)四本杂志。因此,可以再次将我们复习的范围缩小,根据不完全统计2005年The Economist (经济学家)全年的50多期杂志里平均每期符合考研阅读理解命题文章要求的每期不超过3篇。

平时我们可以多阅读一些相关资料,对部分文章进行精读,这将是考研阅读最好的课后训练。

考研英语阅读理解中,会存在很多的连词,这些连词,也往往被视为出题点,稍稍不慎,很可能就被表面现象误导选择了错误答案,以下连词,是大家需要在2013年考研英语阅读中需要注意的。大家心里要有一个大概的印象。

1.并列与递进

and, or, also,neither…nor…,either…or…, like, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, in a like manner, that is to say, too, both, each, also, as well as, the sam e …as, in fact, compared with, in common, besides, additionally, for one thing, for another; one, the other; first of all/ to begin with/first/firstly; second/secondly/next; furthermore/moreover/beyond that/besides/in addition/what is more/also; finally.

2.转折与让步

but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, conversely, nor, otherwise, rather, rather than, although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, nonetheless, despite, in spite of , different from, in contrast (with/to), instead (of), the opposite (of).

3.因果

because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, so…as

to, consequently, in consequence of, as a consequence, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, for this reason, owing to, seeing that, the reason why…, result in, result from, lead to, to have an effect on, in this way, on account of, on the ground of, of course.

4.例证

such as, for example, for instance, of(these, those, them), among(these, those, them), to illustrate, as an illustration, one example is, to take an example, more specifically speaking, a case in point, namely, incidentally, that is.

5.分总

generally speaking, generally, as a general rule, in general, on a larger scale, to take the idea further, to take the above opinion to an extreme, in a sense, in one sense, in a way, to some extent, in my opinion, in my view, as for me, as far as I am concerned, obviously, undoubtedly, in terms of, in a word, on the whole, to conclude, to sum up, in summary, to summarize, in short, in brief, to be brief, on the whole, in conclusion, as has been pointed out, to repeat, as I have said above, once again, after all, in fact, above all, surely, most important of all, in such cases

考研英语作文阐述段的写作策略

阐述段是考研英语作文的第二段,考生的写作水平如何能在这一段落得到充分体现,考生的观点,考生写的作文合不合格,都能体现出来,所以考生一定要予以重视。

写作前的准备

阐述段主要要求考生阐释图画想表达的含义,其关键在于考生要阐述自己对图画所反映的主题的态度。因而,考生在写作阐述段之前需要做两项工作:一是判定写作主题;二是明确自己对图画所反映的现象所持的态度。

首先,考生应根据图画和图画下方的文字提示判断出图画所反映的主题,并用一个名词或名词短语(即中心思想词汇)概括出来,以备写作的时候使用。

其次,考生应明确自己对图画所反映的现象持何种态度。考生对图画中所反映的现象既可以持支持态度,也可以持反对态度,但是千万不要持模棱两可的中

立态度。如果考生持支持态度,那就要在阐述段中坚持阐述支持的理由;如果考生持反对态度,那就阐述反对的理由。阐述时千万不可“两边倒”,一会儿说支持,一会儿说反对。

阐述段的结构

在判定完写作主题并明确自己的态度后,考生就要开始思考阐述段的结构布局了。笔者建议考生采取“首尾呼应,中间展开”的结构。

“首尾呼应”是指阐述段的首句和尾句表达的内容要一致。如果对图画中反映的现象持支持态度,则首句写作的口诀是“重要,有益”,即用英语表达“图画中所反映的主题很重要,对我们很有益”;如果对图画中的现象持反对态度,则首句写作的口诀是“有害”,即用英语表达“图画中所反映的现象有害”。对于阐述段的尾句,为了与该段首句呼应,其写作口诀可以概括为“好影响,能受益”(持肯定态度时)或“坏影响,不受益”(持否定态度时)。也就是说,尾句重点总结图画所反映的现象会产生好影响或坏影响。

“中间展开”指的是考生要在阐述段的中间部分展开阐述自己持支持或反对态度的理由。对于中间部分的句子,笔者称之为“延伸句”。一般来说,阐述段的延伸句可写3~4句,句与句之间最好用逻辑词(组)连接与过渡。具体的写法见下文详解。

首句与尾句的写作

由上文介绍的首句和尾句的写作思路可知,写首句和尾句的关键在于确定图画的主题和选择相应的中心思想词汇,其他部分则可以用套话。下面笔者列举几种首句与尾句的常用句型,供考生参考。

1.当考生对图画中反映的现象持支持态度时,考生可在首句和尾句重点强调“该主题很重要,会产生积极影响”,具体句型如下。

首句:

①中心思想词汇+ is not only necessary but also indispensable for ...

②中心思想词汇+ does a lot of goods for ...

尾句:

①It can be concluded that +中心思想词汇+ will exert positive effects on our society.

②In conclusion, we can benefit greatly from +中心思想词汇.

比如图画反映的是“环境保护”的主题,那么中心思想词汇便是

environmental protection,根据这里列举的句型,考生很容易就能写出阐述段的首句和尾句。

首句:Environmental protection is not only necessary but also indispensable for our society.

尾句:It can be concluded that Environmental protection will exert positive effects on our society.

2.当考生对图画中反映的现象持反对态度时,首句和尾句应重点强调“该现象有害,会产生威胁,而我们无法受益”,具体句型如下。

首句:

①中心思想词汇+ is in large measure (在很大程度上) detrimental for ...

②中心思想词汇+ does a lot of harms for …

尾句:It can be concluded that +中心思想词汇+ will probably pose tremendous threats to … and we can’t benefit much from it.

以2000年考研英语大作文真题为例。该图反映的是“商业捕鱼导致海洋鱼类锐减”的现象,其最恰当的中心思想词汇是commercial fishing。考生便可以利用上述句型写出首句和尾句。

首句:Commercial fishing is in large measure detrimental for us.

尾句:It can be concluded that commercial fishing will probably pose tremendous threats to the environment and we can’t benefit much from it.

延伸句的写作

延伸句是阐述段的主体部分,一般写3~4句为宜。由于每年考研英语大作文的图画变化多端,延伸句的写法与用词也多种多样,因而考生要注重积累各大主题的常用,总结各种写作思路。对于基础薄弱的考生,可以记住以下写作要领:

①选好人称主语;②提前策划句子结构;③总结写作角度。

1. 选好人称主语

“选好人称主语”是指考生要针对图画的主题思考可能涉及的行为主体。考生最好选择与主题直接相关的具体的人称和主体名称,而不是光用people、persons、human beings、we等表述不具体的人称主语。以2000年考研英语大作文“商业捕鱼导致海洋鱼类锐减”这一写作题目为例。这项活动可能涉及到的行为主体有公司、消费者、公民等,因而在写延伸句之前,考生可以预先在脑子里

想到company、consumer和citizen等名称,写作时可能用得上。

2. 提前策划句子结构

“提前策划句子结构”是指考生备考时应利用自己熟悉的句型为延伸句的写作设计通用的模板,这样考生便能确保自己写出的句子语法正确。基础薄弱的考生可以参考以下句型。

延伸句1:人称主语+ are likely to …

延伸句2: It is possible for +人称主语(若与延伸句1主语一样,可用代词them)+ to …

延伸句3:人称主语(若与延伸句1主语一样,则此次可用代词them) + can/may lead to…

这几个句型的好处在于简单好记,语法结构也简单。例如,延伸句1和延伸句2的省略号部分可以直接用动词原形,而延伸句3里的lead to后接动名词或名词即可。对于语法基础差的考生来说,这样的句型不失为好的选择。

3. 总结写作角度

“总结写作思路”是指考生在备考时多总结各类考试主题的写作思路。例如,以“商业捕鱼导致海洋鱼类锐减”这一主题为例,考生可以从以下三个方面来阐述商业捕鱼公司的有害行为:①过度开发资源,追求利润最大化(over-exploit natural resources to maximize profit);②不承担环保责任(escape the responsibilities of environmental prote ction);③导致生态失衡,物种灭绝(lead to ecological unbalance and marine species extinction)。

完成这三个写作要领,考生便能很轻松地写出这三句延伸句。具体如下:延伸句1:Some companies are likely to over-exploit natural resources and seek maximum profit.

延伸句2:It is also possible for them to escape the responsibility of environmental protection.

延伸句3:Their behavior can lead to ecological unbalance and marine species extinction.

总结

考生按照上述方法写出首句、尾句和延伸句之后,就基本完成了考研英语大作文阐述段的写作了。例如,我们将上面写的2000年考研英语大作文“商业捕鱼”的首句、尾句和延伸句组合在一起,就能构成阐述段了。其中,延伸句与延

伸句之间用恰当的连接词(组)衔接过渡。具体如下:

Commercial fishing is in large measure detrimental for us. Some companies are likely to over-exploit natural resources and seek maximum profit. For another thing, it is also possible for them to escape the responsibility of environmental protection. Still, their behavior can lead to ecological unbalance and marine species extinction. It can be concluded that commercial fishing will probably pose tremendous threats to the environment and we can’t benefit much from it.

点评:这一阐述段看似简单,但是却融合了主题判断、态度判定、延伸句主语选择、句型串联等写作要领在内,而且写作内容与“商业捕鱼”这一主题直接相关,思路非常清晰。虽然这个段落算不上优秀的阐述段,但至少可以算作一篇合格的英语应试作文段落。

阅读了上文后,有些读者可能会问:“如果大家都这样写,岂不是大家全都写得一模一样了?”但是,问这个问题的考生是否想过调换首句和尾句的顺序呢?而且,害怕写作雷同的考生可以考虑对相关的句型进行修饰,使得句子表达更加优美,更凸显考生的水平。例如,对于首句句型“中心思想词汇+ is not only necessary but al so indispensable for ...”,考生可以变换句型,如变为:“中心思想词汇+ plays an increasingly important role in our society”或“Nothing can be compared with +中心思想词汇in our society”等。

最后,预祝大家考研顺利,作文取得高分。

历年英语阅读理解文章来源

历年真题阅读理解文章来源是有规律的。考研文章绝大多数来自英美国家的报刊杂志,以面向大众的大众社科类和科普类刊物为主。倘若我们找到了这个规律,那么我们的广大考生在平时复习时,在选择阅读的材料上就有了目的性,相对来说,我们广大的考生也会事半功倍的。我们通过分析近10年的文章来源,从而将文章来源规律整理出如下:

1、经济类文章主要来源:The Economist (经济学家),Business Week (商业周刊),Wall Street Journal(华尔街杂志);

2、科学技术类文章主要来源:Nature (自然),Discovery (探索),Science (科学),National Geographic (国家地理),Scientific American (科学美国人),New Scientists (新科学家);

3、社会生活以及文化类文章主要来源:Newsweek (新闻周刊),Times (时代周刊),U.S News and World Report (美国新闻与世界报道),The Washington Post (华盛顿邮报),USA Today (今日美国),The Times (泰晤士报),The Guardian (卫报),和https://www.360docs.net/doc/0714310814.html,(美国新闻在线);

4、其它来源:Independent (独立日报), International Herald Tribune (国际先驱论坛), Telegraph (英国电信日报);

经过上面的整理,我们不难发现倘若我们准备的时间充分,我们完全有可能在考研前、在平时复习的过程中就把当年考试的文章事先阅读过,那样自然就能取得一个很好的成绩了。

但是,我们广大的考生在复习的过程中无论花费多少时间几乎是不可能把上面说到的所有杂志都阅读完毕的,而且每年选择来考查考生的文章并不一定是本年度发表的文章。这就为我们复习的工作增加了很大的难度。

所以,我们有必要对历年的文章来源再次进行总结。结果我们发现,在绝大多数情况下,历年真题的文章来源一般控制在过去的5年之内,即倘若2007年参加考研的话,2007年的文章一般来自于2002年到2006年之间的报刊杂志上,当然历史上也有少部分文章不受年份的限制。这时我们阅读的范围就小了很多。

又因为在整理统计过程中,我们发现历年真题的文章一般字数上控制在450字到550字之间,段落上一般控制在3到6个段落,所以我们可以把精力主要集中在符合前面字数、段落以及年份的文章来进行复习和阅读,如此一来我们就把复习的范围大为减少了。

根据近5年的文章来源,我们发现,80%以上的文章来自于The Economist (经济学家),Newsweek (新闻周刊),Times (时代周刊)以及U.S News and World Report (美国新闻与世界报道)四本杂志。因此,可以再次将我们复习的范围缩小,根据不完全统计2005年The Economist (经济学家)全年的50多期杂志里平均每期符合考研阅读理解命题文章要求的每期不超过3篇。

平时我们可以多阅读一些相关资料,对部分文章进行精读,这将是考研阅读最好的课后训练。

在考研英语备考中,特定句式的句子怎么快速阅读,如何对句子进行层次化:对于简单句谓语动词是他的核心。对于复杂句,连词是他的核心。

我们有一个具体的方法:括号匹配原则:括号成对出现的,不会茕茕孑立形影相吊,只有一个括号,那是失恋的括号,会自杀的。所以括号的出现,一定要成双

成对。那么我们如何运用括号呢,就是当我们怀疑这个地方可能出现一个层次的时候,我们就划上一个括号的左半边,当这个层次结束的时候,那我们再划上一个右括号。那么所谓的括号匹配原则就是说,当我们的句子结束的时候,你看一下你的左右括号是否数量相同。如果不同,说明错了吧,不会有哪个多出来的括号跟了别人的吧,没有第三者插足的括号,括号原则是专一的原则,是从一而终的原则。

我们现在来看下面的例子,我们在例子上进行括号原则的练习,而以后我们习惯以后,是不需要我们用笔和纸来划括号的,看到句子,在我们的脑子里就已经有括号存在了。

我们先读例一,读的时候,我们先把连词划出来。这个句子先不着急去理解,我们只把该划出来的地方划出来。开始的几个例子都很简单。

例1:

However, for many years physicists thought that atoms and molecules always were much more likely to emit light spontaneously and that stimulated emission thus always would be much weaker.

1. however 副词,做状语,丢到一边

2. for many years 介词短语作状语,位置很灵活,还好放在开头,容易判断,怎么样,丢到一边。

3. physicists物理学就,名词出现,估计是主语。

4. thought 是一个实意动词,那么实意动词后面有个that,接宾语从句,划上一个左括号了,后面是完整的还是非完整的? 完整的,那么就按照完整的规则去找这个宾语从句的结束点。

5. atoms and molecules是名词的并列,那么就是从句的主语吧

6. were系动词,谓语出来了。后面much more likely to emit light spontaneously句子完整了没有,完整了,是不是划上一个右括号,…..别着急吧,spontaneously and后面如果还是一个副词,那不仍然是做一个并列的副词成为这个句子的状语,所以先别着急,看看and后面是什么成分,是个that,好了,我们知道这个that应该是和前面的那个that并列共同作为thought的宾语,引导宾语从句。那么我们这个时候再在spontaneously后面划上一个右括号吧。表示第一个从句的结构完整了。而在and后面划上一个左括号,表示开始另一个结构层次的划分。

7. 后面同理。

8. 那我们几个层次。有的同学说两个层次,因为有两个括号。答案对了,推倒过程错了。两个括号但没有嵌套,所以是并列的层次。但主句是第一个层次physicists thought,不用划括号的吧。

9. 意思:物理学家想到两件事情。一件是原子和分子容易自发地发出光;另一件是受激发者可能会更加弱。

10. 翻译的时候注意,现在很简单,但是一旦嵌套多了,就不好翻。等会就会遇到,如果在试图用中文的模式去翻译,就很麻烦。

例2:

It appeared that Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of the Industrial Revolution.

1. It appeared that,属于我们前面所讲的第一种情况,动词后接that,而这里的appear不是实意动词,而相当于系动词,这里是一个表语从句了

2. 判断出是表语从句,那后面的that引导的是完整的还是非完整的,按照完整结构来划分,先划个括号

3. Canada 作主语,后面是一个系动词,系动词后面可以接形容词作表语,介词短语,the book is on the desk或者动词的ing形式,或者动词的被动语态,还有副词吧,但是是特定的here there作表语,I am here . 而这个地方跟的是once more 是一个副词,但又不是我们说的here there 所以不是表语,而是作状语吧,拿到一边,falling 过去进行时了吧。而且是falling in step with 词组,落入一个步伐,一种趋势。

4. 到这句子完整了没,完整了吧,我们是不是要划上另一个右括号呢,不着急,因为我们后面还有一个that,如果这个that引导了一个定语从句,那就是要修饰它前面的先行词,那就属于前面的那个句子吧,就成了嵌套了吧。来,我们看,是不是这样。我问大家,That引导的是什么从句。定从。那么先行词是什么。看清楚,trend。不是family 。toward smaller families是我们的介词短语作后置定语修饰trend。刚才我们讲过的,后置定语的情况!我们把知识点全揉进去了。那么我们不着急划上右括号,而且我们还要再划上第二个左括号吧,因为一个嵌套成分出现了吧,定从阿!

5. that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of

the Industrial Revolution.这里的since是做介词短语作状语,也不是主干成分。那么这个定语从句结束了,不完整的嘛。那么时候我们可以对应第二个左括号划上一个右括号了吧。表示这个定语从句的成分结束了。随着这个定从的成分结束,我们的第一个表语从句是不是也结束了,(还没结束? 句号都出了,你得给句号点面子吧,句号就这一个功能了)所以我们现在再对应第一个左括号划上第二个右括号。

6. 这个句子几个层次,三个,和第一个比多了一个,有了嵌套,稍微复杂点了。

7. 有这么一件事,加拿大又一次落入了一种趋势,这种趋势曾经在西方的工业革命的时候就发生过。

8. 翻译的时候注意吧,不要试图把它翻成嵌套的形式吧。跟自己过不去嘛,好不容易翻出来,然后还要再给中文句子作一个长难句分析。

例3:

The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents.

1. 特点:长。但是我们惊喜的看到两个逗号,怎么办。干掉他。太高兴了。

2. 而且还有冒号哟。爽。前后两个层次。

3. 第一个and连接的是两个动词,虽然前面有介词短语作状语分隔开来。属于谓语并列。

4. When引导什么从句,状语还是定语,这里不是状语,虽然翻译上区别上不大,理解上也不会出现太大歧义,但我们这里讲就把他讲清楚,在when 前面是一个表示时间的词吧twentieth century,做为了先行词。而状语从句是不需要先行词的吧。那么这里是定从,出现嵌套了,那么打上一个左括号吧。注意是在when 的后面划,when 是连词本身不作成分。而且when作为定从的引导词是关系副词,就是我们这的连词吧,引导完整的句子还是非完整的句子?完整的。来吧,按照完整的句子原则往下找结束吧。

5. it was recognized(动词的被动语态) for the first time that,这个that

引导的是什么从句,主语从句吧,it作形式主语了。

例4:

Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP’s drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean’s surface and drill in very deep water s, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.

1. developed 过去分词作后置定语:这里强调一句,如果是现在分词作后置定语,因为现在分词不可能直接跟在名词后面作谓语动词吧,除非有be动词一起表示进行时。而过去分词,如果它的过去式和过去分词形式不同,也好判断。困难主要出现在过去分词和现在分词的形式相同,特别当他们都是ed形式的时候。这个时候我们怎么判断。就看这个分词前面的那个名词是这个动作的发出者还是接受者(被动的),如果是发出者,那么这个ed形式的动词是谓语动词的过去式,如果是被动的承受者,那就是过去分词作状语。本句中…

2. 逗号后面的the DSDP’s drill ship, the Glomar Challenger,有的同学一看,太高兴了,逗号出现,插入语拿掉不看,这个句子没脑袋了!这里是不是插入语?这是句子的主语,前面using techniques现在分词作状语吧,而这里是两个并列的同位语,换句话说,我们处理的方法是去掉任意一项,剩下一个,都没问题,他们表示同一个意思。

3. And 连接的是哪一个。是was able to 还是 maintain 。大多数同学都能回答正确,但问为什么的时候,许多同学往往不得其所。其中有的人说时态不一样。And 可以连接两个不同的时态I was a student and now I am a teacher. 所以时态不是真正的原因。真正的原因主谓一致。那么这个地方,前面主语是第三人称,要么动词一般时+s 要么过去式+ed总之不能是原形。

4. 通过运用这项首次为了远洋石油天然气开采而发明的技术,DSDP这艘钻探船可以在海洋的表面保持稳定,并钻探到很深的地方。

5. 后面extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.分词作状语。我们的几种句型全部运用出来了。

6. 语言的二意性,这个and的并列。是和谁并列。Rock 是和sediment 并列还是和samples并列。我们这里无法判断。但都不理解我们对句子本身的理解。这叫做语言的二意性。

7. 恶意的和良性的。但我们遇到的时候,就需要通过上下文。

考研英语写作高分必备35个句子

众所周知,考研英语写作中,句子的表达是关键。而句子表达的灵魂是句型结构的变换。丰富的句型与多变的句式,会令你的作文脱颖而出,令阅卷老师眼前一亮,何愁没有高分呢?在这里总结出考研英语写作35个常用的亮点句型,请大家一定要掌握哦!(注:S—主语,V—谓语,O—宾语) 【句型1】...the+~est+n.+(that)+S+have ever+seen (known/heard/had/read, etc) ...the most+a.+n.+(that)+S+have ever+seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc) 【例1】Mr. He is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 【译文】何老师是我曾经遇到过的最仁慈的教师。 【例2】Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 【译文】海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。 【句型2】Nothing is+~er than to+v. Nothing is+more+a.+than to+v. 【例句】Nothing is more important than to receive education. 【译文】没有比接受教育更重要的事。 【句型3】...cannot emphasize the importance of ... too much. 再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过 【例句】We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 【译文】我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。 【句型4】There is no denying that+S+V 不可否认的…… 【例句】There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. 【译文】不可否认,我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。 【句型5】It is universally acknowledged that+句子. 全世界都知道…… 【例句】It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.

2011年考研英语二真题答案与解析

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